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India is one of the worst affected countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. We carried out comparative analyses of the COVID-19 situation in the Maharashtra state, India for the first and second waves. Epidemiological and demographics data were obtained from open sources and the Government of Maharashtra. Mathematical modeling and analyses were conducted to estimate the epidemiological parameters like basic reproduction number (R0) for the first wave at different times. The districts with a higher percentage of the urban population recorded a higher attack rate during the first wave. However, during the second wave, the rural population was more affected. The effective reproduction number (Re) was estimated for the second wave at different times. The second wave affected more individuals than the first wave due to various factors such as strictness of restrictions or the lack of it and the emergence of new strains., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global health crisis, leading to a range of respiratory symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, headache, shortness of breath, and chest pain. In this review, we compile a list of 355 medicinal plant species from the Melghat region that have been traditionally used to alleviate respiratory ailments, particularly those associated with COVID-19 symptoms. Pre-defined criteria were taken into consideration for selecting the research articles and compilation of data presented. The plants in this compilation belong to 274 genera and 93 families. The most frequently reported plant families are Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Malvaceae, Poaceae, Acanthaceae, Solanaceae, Rubiaceae, Apocynaceae, and Cucurbitaceae. The most dominant genus is Solanum, with seven species. The plants in this compilation are categorised as herbs (38.59%), trees (25.07%), shrubs (23.38%), climbers (7.32%), grasses (3.94%), orchids (0.84%), bamboo (0.56%), and aquatic plants. The most frequently utilised plant parts are leaves (29.53%), roots (15.78%), the whole plant (13.35%), fruits (9.45%), stem bark (8.90%), seeds (6.25%), and flowers (5.31%). This curated dataset provides valuable information on the botanical names of the plants, their families, categorisation, associated ailments, and the specific plant parts used with relevant references. It also encompasses relevant traditional, folk, and ethnobotanical uses. This compilation offers a wealth of information for researchers involved in the discovery and development of herbal drugs. [Display omitted] • The study area is a bio-diversity hotspot of central India and huge treasure of knowledge from the tribal population. • Prime focus on all the diseases under screening as symptoms for the COVID-19. • Exhaustive review for 355 plants under use for chest pain, cold, cough, fever, headache, shortness of breath, and sore throat. • The applications of the herbals are referred from more than 250 research articles. • Exhaustive review will serve as scientific baseline information for the entire global communities exploring various options to treat spectrum of diseases covered in COVID 19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]