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In China, the coverage rate of influenza vaccination among the general population is significantly lower than that of high-income countries, with only 2.46% of the population vaccinated. Preschool-aged children are particularly susceptible to influenza viruses, yet the factors that influence parents' willingness to vaccinate their children are not well understood. To address this research gap, we developed a theoretical model grounded in the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), which explores six key factors influencing parental self-reported uptake of influenza vaccination in preschool children: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, knowledge, and behavioral intention. We collected data from 872 parents of children in five major cities in China and employed structural equation modeling to examine the significance of the theoretical model and explore the potential moderating effects of demographic variables on path relationships. Our analysis revealed that several positive factors influenced parents' intention of influenza vaccination for preschool children, including effort expectancy (β = 0.38), social influence (β = 0.17), and knowledge (β = 0.52). Facilitating conditions (β = 0.34), knowledge (β = 0.40), and behavioral intention (β = 0.34) were found to be associated with self-reported uptake. Furthermore, we observed significant moderating effects of the child's gender and age, as well as the guardian's category and income, on the theoretical models. Parents' willingness to vaccinate preschool children against influenza is influenced by both psychological and demographic variables. Further studies are needed to determine if these relationships persist over time and across different regions.

Innoculation of pneumococcal vaccines among the elderly is an effective public health policy to prevent pneumococcal diseases and it is widely promoted by many developed countries. The pneumococcal vaccination rate among the elderly in China was only 3.7% in 2019, it grew rapidly during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the psychological and demographic-economic factors related to the uptake behavior of pneumococcal vaccination among the Chinese elderly by using an integrated model based on the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT), and knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP). The theoretical model was tested via structural equation modeling (SEM) with data collected from 516 Chinese older adults aged 60 years and older. Our results suggested that knowledge, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, attitude, and trust had a significant correlation with behavioral intention; behavioral intention and trust had a positive correlation with the uptake behavior, gender, and and education level and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exerted significant moderating effects. To increase the coverage of pneumococcal vaccination among the elderly, it is necessary to provide effective health education by authoritative experts, thereby enhancing their knowledge and positive attitude towardthe vaccination.

Objective: As an effective measure to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic, wearing mask is widely recommended in countries around the world. This study aims to identify factors that explain the behavioral intention of Wuhan City urban residents to wear masks., Methods: A theoretical model was extended on UTAUT by incorporating the feature on residents having relevant knowledge and sufficient awareness on the pandemic. During early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak, an online survey was conducted in Wuhan City and 728 valid samples were collected from 35 communities. Structural equations modeling and bootstrapping were applied., Results: Sample data present acceptable reliability and validity. Performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and knowledge about COVID-19 have positive effects on behavioral intention. Facilitating condition, knowledge, and behavioral intention have significant effects on use behavior. Gender, age, education, income, and current marital status are significant moderators in the theoretical model., Conclusion: Having relevant knowledge on the pandemic, together with performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating condition, affects behavioral intention and usage behavior of Wuhan residents to wear masks at early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Subgroups have different psychological mechanisms based on their demographic characteristics., Practice Implications: Health policy makers should focus on enhancing residents' knowledge on infectious disease and their awareness of the risk mitigation, and develop personalized measures for different subgroups., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors report no declarations of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)