Search

Long-term home confinement and measures of social distancing and lockdown have influenced daytime routines. To evaluate effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on sleep habits, we performed a study on 1173 participants of general population in Croatia which revealed a strong negative impact of home confinement on sleep. We found that sleep latency prolonged from 10 (5-20) to 15 (10-30) minutes during COVID-19 lockdown (P

Cilj istraživanja: Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio utvrditi razlike u razdiobi indeksa fibroze jetre (FIB-4) u osoba sa šećernom bolesti tipa 2 i ispitati utjecaj drugih varijabli na FIB-4 kao što su duljina trajanja šećerne bolesti, preboljenje i težina COVID-19, HbA1c i laboratorijski parametri te utvrditi postojanje međuovisnosti navedenih varijabli. Materijali i metode: U istraživanje je uključeno ukupno 100 ispitanika. Svi ispitanici koji su sudjelovali u istraživanju liječe se od šećerne bolesti tipa 2 u Centru za dijabetes KBC-a Split. Ispitanici su ispunili anketni upitnik koji je sadržavao pitanja o općim podacima ispitanika i ispitanikove šećerne bolesti, informacije o preboljenju i težini SARS-CoV2 infekcije te informacije o cjepnom statusu. Zabilježeni su antropometrijski parametri (visina, težina i BMI) te su uzeti podaci iz laboratorijskih testova (HbA1c, ALT, AST, trombociti i lipidogram). Uz pomoć trombocita, jetrenih enzima (ALT i AST) i broja godina pacijenta, izračunat je FIB-4 indeks. Rezultati: Nije zabilježena statistički značajna razlika prilikom usporedbe FIB-4 indeksa s obzirom na preboljenje (P=0,539) i težinu kliničke slike COVID-19 (P=0,137). Također, nije se pokazala značajna razlika kod usporedbe pojedinih vrijednosti indeksa fibroze jetre s obzirom na preboljenje (P=0,539) i težinu kliničke slike (P=0,289) COVID-19. Prilikom usporedbe vrijednosti HbA1c i FIB-4 indeksa, pokazala se blaga, ali statistički neznačajna korelacija (P=0,126). Također, nije se pokazala značajna razlika kod usporedbe HbA1c između različitih kategorija FIB-4 (P=0,587). Nije se pokazala značajna razlika u distribuciji težine bolesti između cijepljenih i necijepljenih pacijenata (P=0,539). Kod usporedbe razina HbA1c s obzirom na težinu COVID-19 se nije pokazala značajna razlika. Kod usporedbe FIB-4 indeksa s obzirom na duljinu trajanja šećerne bolesti, pokazala se statistički neznačajna korelacija (P=0,109). Između koncentracije FIB-4 i vrijednosti TG-a, LDL-a, HDL-a i ukupnog kolesterola pokazala se negativna statistički neznačajna korelacija (P=0,253, P=0,833, P=0,269, P=0,957). Zaključci: Ovo istraživanje je pokazalo da se distribucija FIB-4 indeksa nije statistički značajno promijenila u ovisnosti o preboljenju COVID-19, težini kliničke slike COVID-19, vrijednostima HbA1c-a, duljini trajanja šećerne bolesti te o abnormalnim vrijednostima lipida u krvi. Također, nije pronađena statistički značajna razlika u distribuciji težine bolesti između cijepljenih i necijepljenih pacijenata. Nisu zabilježene ni značajno veće vrijednosti HbA1c u osoba s težom kliničkom slikom COVID-19. Postoje statistički signali za gotovo sve pretpostavljene ishode te je za očekivati da bi istraživanje s većim brojem bolesnika potvrdilo ove hipoteze., Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the differences in the distribution of the liver fibrosis index (FIB-4) in people with type 2 diabetes and to examine the influence of other variables on FIB-4 such as the duration of diabetes, recovery and severity of COVID-19, HbA1c and laboratory parameters and determine the existence of interdependence of the mentioned variables. Subjects and methods: A total of 100 respondents were included in the research. All subjects who took part in the research are being treated for type 2 diabetes in the Diabetes Center of KBC Split. Respondents filled out a survey questionnaire that contained questions about the respondent's general information and the respondent's diabetes, information on recovery and severity of SARS-CoV2 infection, and information on vaccination status. Anthropometric parameters (height, weight and BMI) were recorded and data from laboratory tests (HbA1c, ALT, AST, platelets and lipidogram) were taken. With the help of platelets, liver enzymes (ALT and AST) and the age of the patient, the FIB-4 index was calculated. Results: No statistically significant difference was found when comparing the FIB-4 index with regard to recovery (P=0.539) and the severity of the clinical symptoms of COVID-19 (P=0.137). Also, no significant difference was shown when comparing individual liver fibrosis index values with regard to recovery (P=0.539) and the severity of the clinical symptoms (P=0.289) of the COVID-19. When comparing the values of HbA1c and FIB-4 index, a slight but statistically insignificant correlation was shown (P=0.126). Also, no significant difference was shown when comparing HbA1c between different FIB-4 categories (P=0.587). There was no significant difference in the distribution of disease severity between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients (P=0.539). When comparing HbA1c levels with regard to the severity of the COVID-19, no significant difference was shown. When comparing the FIB-4 index with regard to the duration of diabetes, a statistically insignificant correlation was shown (P=0.109). A statistically insignificant negative correlation was shown between the concentration of FIB- 4 and the values of TG, LDL, HDL and total cholesterol (P=0.253, P=0.833, P=0.269, P=0.957). Conclusion: This research showed that the distribution of the FIB-4 index did not change statistically significantly depending on the recovery from the COVID-19, the severity of the clinical picture of the COVID-19, the HbA1c values, the duration of diabetes and the abnormal blood lipid values. Also, no statistically significant difference was found in the distribution of disease severity between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients. No significantly higher HbA1c values were recorded in persons with a more severe clinical picture of COVID-19. There are statistical signals for almost all assumed outcomes, and it is to be expected that research with a larger number of patients would confirm these hypotheses

Objectives: With this study we tried to find an impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the pediatric patients presenting at the pediatric emergency department with a diabetic ketoacidosis. For this we compared the patients presenting at the ED from the 11th of March 2020 until the 11th of March 2022, after the WHO declared a pandemic situation with those who presented between January 1st 2012 and December 31st 2019. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted with the available data from the pediatric ward in the REGIOMED hospital Coburg. The categorization for severity of diabetic ketoacidosis was done according to the current S3 guideline for the therapy of Diabetes Mellitus, valid in Germany at the time of the study. We compared the severity from 49 cases in group A and 12 cases in group B, after all necessary exclusions were performed. Apart from the severity we compared laboratory values for pH, bicarbonates, blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). The comparisons were performed for the whole groups, and between groups A and B divided for gender. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in severity of diabetic ketoacidosis between group A and group B (P=0.435). When comparing the severity between groups A and B according to gender, no difference could be found in the female subgroup (P=0.957), but a statistically significant change in the male subgroup (P=0.031) could be seen. There was no difference in the pH values (P=0.227), also not when divided according to gender (male P=0.146 and female P=0.521). This was again seen in the analysis of bicarbonate concentrations, no difference could be found (P=0.218), the male subgroup had a P-value of 0.082 and the female subgroup a P-value of 0.617. The blood glucose at admission in both groups was in the expected range with a mean value of 512.6 mg/dl in group A and 544.3 mg/dl in group B. With P=0.276 no difference could be found, this was also true after division into female (P=0.543) and male (P=0.150). Median HbA1c values were actually higher in group A (11.3%) than in group B (10.65%). We therefore failed to prove worse results (P=0.767). Looking only at the male patients we also had a mean reduction of HbA1c from 11.1% to 10.6% and had no worse outcome in group B (P=0.789). The female patients also had better HbA1c results, their median improving from 11.3% to 10.4%, therefore no worsened long term glycemic control was obvious (P=0.671). Conclusion: We could not prove a worse patient presentation with diabetic ketoacidosis during the COVID-19 pandemic in general. The only significant worse outcome was the severity in male patients., Ciljevi: Ovom smo studijom pokušali utvrditi utjecaj pandemije COVID-19 na pedijatrijske pacijente koji se javljaju na hitnu pedijatriju s dijabetičkom ketoacidozom. U tu svrhu usporedili smo pacijente koji su im se javili u razdoblju od 11. ožujka 2020 do 11. ožujka 2022, odnosno nakon što je WHO proglasio pandemijsku situaciju, s onima koji su se javili između 1. siječnja 2012 i 31. prosinca 2019. Materijali i metode: Ova retrospektivna opservacijska studija provedena je uz pomoć dostupnih podataka s pedijatrijskog odjela u bolnici REGIOMED Coburg. Kategorizacija prema ozbiljnosti dijabetičke ketoacidoze učinjena je prema trenutnim S3 smjernicama za terapiju dijabetes melitusa, a koje su bile na snazi u Njemačkoj i u vrijeme istraživanja. Usporedili smo tako težinu iz 49 slučajeva u skupini A i 12 slučajeva u skupini B, nakon što su izvršena sva potrebna isključenja. Osim težine, usporedili smo i laboratorijske vrijednosti za pH, bikarbonate, glukozu u krvi i glikirani hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Usporedbe su obavljene za cijele skupine te između skupina A i B podijeljenih prema spolu. Rezultati: Nije bilo statistički značajne razlike u težini dijabetičke ketoacidoze između skupine A i skupine B (P=0.435). Uspoređujući težinu između skupina A i B prema spolu, ustanovili smo da nije bilo razlike u ženskoj podskupini (P=0.957), ali se mogla vidjeti statistički značajna promjena u muškoj podskupini (P=0.031). Isto tako, nije bilo razlike ni u pH vrijednostima (P=0.227), čak ni onda kada bismo gledali s obzirom na spol (muški P=0.146 i ženski P=0.521). Nadalje, analizom koncentracija bikarbonata, opet smo utvrdili to da se nije mogla pronaći veća razlika (P=0.218), muška podskupina imala je P-vrijednost 0.082, a ženska podskupina P-vrijednost 0.617. Glukoza u krvi pri prijemu u obje skupine bila je u očekivanom rasponu sa srednjom vrijednošću od 512.6 mg/dl u skupini A i 544.3 mg/dl u skupini B. S P=0.276 nije se također mogla pronaći razlika, a isto to je vrijedilo i nakon podjele na žene (P=0.543) i muškarci (P=0.150). Srednje vrijednosti HbA1c bile su zapravo više u skupini A (11.3%) nego u skupini B (10.65%). Stoga nismo uspjeli dokazati lošije rezultate (P=0.767). Uzmemo li u obzir samo muške pacijente, isto smo imali prosječno smanjenje HbA1c s 11.1% na 10.6% te lošiji ishod nije bio zabilježen ni u skupini B (P=0.789). Pacijentice su također imale bolje rezultate HbA1c. Njihov medijan poboljšao se s 11.3% na 10.4%, stoga u vezi dugotrajne glikemijske kontrole nisu bila zabilježena značajnija pogoršanja (P=0.671). Zaključak: Općenito govoreći, nismo mogli dokazati lošiju prezentaciju pacijenata s dijabetičkom ketoacidozom tijekom pandemije COVID-19. Jedini značajno lošiji ishod bila je težina kod muških pacijenata.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine whether there are differences in the frequency of adverse events (AEs) from COVID-19 vaccines compared to widely issued vaccines and from COVID-19 drugs in contrast to a widely prescribed drug reported to the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) or EudraVigilance (EV) during the COVID- 19 pandemic. Materials and methods: The FAERS and EV adverse event databases were searched for adverse event reports filed in the U.S. and EU from November 2019 to March 2022. We included all COVID-19 vaccines and drugs which have been approved or emergency use authorized by both the FDA and EMA as of March 31, 2022. The numbers of AEs (serious or non-serious) and the numbers of reaction groups of AEs from Comirnaty (Pfizer-BioNTech), Spikevax (Moderna), or Jcovden (Janssen) COVID-19 vaccines were compared to tetanus and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines from January 2021 to March 2022 separately in FAERS and EV. The numbers of AEs (serious or non-serious) and the numbers of reaction groups of AEs from remdesivir, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, tocilizumab, tixagevimab/cilgavimab, sotrovimab, or casirivimab/imdevimab were compared to methotrexate during three time periods: pre-pandemic (November 7, 2019, to January 29, 2020), first wave (January 30, 2020, to July 15, 2020), and subsequent waves (July 16, 2020, to March 31, 2022). Results: In both the FAERS and EV databases, there was no statistical difference in the number of serious or non-serious AEs from the COVID-19 vaccines compared to the tetanus and HPV vaccines (P=0.406 for both comparisons), although numbers of reported AEs from COVID-19 vaccines are higher in both databases. The median number of serious AEs from COVID-19 vaccines was greater in the FAERS database than in the EV database (94 ([IQR 17-1575]) vs. 11131 ([IQR 120-161077]) although this comparison did not reach statistical significance (P=0.077). For non-serious AEs from COVID-19 vaccines, the EV database reported a greater median number (17376 [IQR 209-251219]) compared to the FAERS database (59 [IQR 21- 429]). There were more serious AEs recorded for methotrexate (median 14601 [IQR 8899- 26493]) compared to the COVID-19 drugs (P=0.047) in the FAERS database, while in the EV database there were more both serious and non-serious AEs for methotrexate (median 5370 [IQR 3868-12883]); P=0.026 and median 754 [IQR 672-1649]; P=0.043, respectively). There was a median of 1755 (IQR 297-7980) serious and 1191 (IQR 370-1821) non-serious AEs from COVID-19 drugs in the FAERS database (P=0.018 and P=0.002, respectively) in the subsequent waves of COVID-19 than in the pre-pandemic and first wave. Similarly, there was a median of 234 (IQR 145-3576) serious and 97 (IQR 45-476) non-serious AEs for COVID- 19 drugs in the EV database (both P=0.002) respectively) in the subsequent waves of COVID- 19 than in the pre-pandemic and first wave. Conclusions: Adverse event reporting systems are important and beneficial tools for pharmacovigilance. Reporting of AEs from COVID-19 vaccines has been significantly high, which may indicate a rise in safety issues and concomitant AEs or a change in reporting behavior or both, while reporting of AEs from COVID-19 drugs has been low, which may indicate that the safety profile of the COVID-19 drugs is sufficient, that the overall use of these drugs is rather low or at least lower than methotrexate, or that reporting behavior is insufficient. Among the two databases, reporting of AEs from COVID-19 vaccines has been higher in the EV database than in the FAERS database, and, in contrast, reporting of AEs of COVID-19 drugs has been higher in the FAERS database than in the EV database for the investigated period. Generally, reporting of AEs has not relevantly changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, although the introduction of COVID-19 vaccines and mass-vaccinations worldwide likely led to stimulated reporting of vaccine AEs, while general under-reporting likely still prevails. Our results may indicate a deficit in the U.S. reporting behavior of AEs following vaccine administration, but this requires further investigation., Ciljevi: Ciljevi ove studije bili su utvrditi postoje li razlike u učestalosti nuspojava od cjepiva protiv COVID-19 u usporedbi na obično korištena cjepiva i od lijekova za COVID-19 u usporedbi na obično propisani lijek koji je prijavljen FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) ili EudraVigilance (EV) tijekom pandemije COVID-19. Materijali i metode: U bazama podataka o štetnim događajima FAERS i EV pretražene su prijave štetnih događaja podnesenih u SAD-u i EU od studenog 2019. do ožujka 2022. Uključili smo sva cjepiva protiv COVID-19 i lijekove koje su FDA i EMA odobrili ili odobrili za hitne slučajeve od 31. ožujka 2022. Broj nuspojava (ozbiljnih ili neozbiljnih) i brojevi reakcijskih skupina nuspojava iz Comirnaty (Pfizer-BioNTech), Spikevax (Moderna) ili Jcovden (Janssen) cjepiva protiv COVID-19 uspoređeni su s cjepivima protiv tetanusa i humanog papiloma virusa (HPV) od siječnja 2021. do ožujka 2022. zasebno u FAERS-u i EV. Broj nuspojava (ozbiljnih ili neozbiljnih) i broj reakcijskih skupina nuspojava remdesivira, nirmatrelvira/ritonavira, tocilizumaba, tixagevimaba/cilgavimaba, sotrovimaba ili casirivimaba/imdevimaba uspoređen je s metotreksatom tijekom tri vremenska razdoblja: prije pandemije (7. studenog 2019. do 29. siječnja 2020.), prvi val (30. siječnja 2020. do 15. srpnja 2020.) i sljedeći valovi (16. srpnja 2020. do 31. ožujka 2022.). Rezultati: U bazama podataka FAERS i EV, nije bilo statističke razlike u broju ozbiljnih ili neozbiljnih nuspojava od cjepiva protiv COVID-19 u usporedbi s cjepivima protiv tetanusa i HPV-a (P=0,406 za obje usporedbe), iako je broj prijavljenih nuspojava od cjepiva protiv COVID-19 viši u obje baze podataka. Medijan broja ozbiljnih nuspojava od cjepiva protiv COVID-19 bio je veći u bazi podataka FAERS nego u bazi podataka EV (94 ([IQR 17-1575]) naspram 11131 ([IQR 120-161077]) iako ova usporedba nije dosegla statističku značajnost (P=0,077). Za neozbiljne nuspojave od cjepiva protiv COVID-19, baza podataka EV prijavila je veći srednji broj (17376 [IQR 209-251219]) u usporedbi s bazom podataka FAERS (59 [IQR 21-429]). Bilo je više ozbiljnih nuspojava zabilježenih za metotreksat (medijan 14601 [IQR 8899-26493]) u usporedbi s lijekovima protiv COVID-19 (P=0,047) u bazi podataka FAERS, dok je u bazi podataka EV bilo više i ozbiljnih i neozbiljnih nuspojava za metotreksat (medijan 5370 [IQR 3868-12883]); P=0,026 i medijan 754 [IQR 672-1649]; P=0,043, redom). Postojao je medijan od 1755 (IQR 297-7980) ozbiljnih i 1191 (IQR 370-1821) neozbiljnih nuspojava uzrokovanih lijekovima protiv COVID-19 u bazi podataka FAERS (P=0,018 odnosno P=0,002) u narednim COVID-19 valovima nego u razdoblju prije pandemije i prvom valu. Slično tome, postojao je medijan od 234 (IQR 145-3576) ozbiljnih i 97 (IQR 45-476) neozbiljnih nuspojava za lijekove protiv COVID-19 u EV bazi podataka (oba P=0,002) u narednim COVID-19 valovima nego u razdoblju prije pandemije i prvom valu. Zaključci: Sustavi za prijavu nuspojava važni su i korisni alati za farmakovigilanciju. Prijavljivanje nuspojava od cjepiva protiv COVID-19 bilo je značajno visoko, što može ukazivati na porast sigurnosnih problema i pratećih nuspojava ili promjenu ponašanja pri prijavljivanju ili oboje, dok je prijavljivanje nuspojava od lijekova protiv COVID-19 bilo nisko, što može ukazivati na to da sigurnosni profil lijekova za COVID-19 je dovoljan, da je ukupna upotreba ovih lijekova prilično niska ili barem niža od metotreksata, ili da je ponašanje prijavljivanja nedovoljno. Među dvjema bazama podataka, prijava nuspojava od cjepiva protiv COVID-19 bila je veća u bazi podataka EV nego u bazi podataka FAERS, a, nasuprot tome, prijava nuspojava lijekova protiv COVID-19 bila je veća u bazi podataka FAERS nego u bazi podataka EV za istraživano razdoblje. Općenito, prijavljivanje štetnih događaja nije se značajno promijenilo tijekom pandemije COVID-19, iako je uvođenje cjepiva protiv COVID- 19 i masovnih cijepljenja u cijelom svijetu vjerojatno dovelo do poticanog prijavljivanja štetnih događaja cjepiva, dok općenito nedovoljno prijavljivanje vjerojatno i dalje prevladava. Naši rezultati mogu ukazivati na deficit u izvještavanju o ponašanju štetnih događaja nakon primjene cjepiva u SAD-u, ali to zahtijeva daljnje istraživanje.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and computed tomography pulmonary angiogram characteristics of pulmonary embolism seen in patients hospitalized because of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, we intended to describe the distribution of the pulmonary emboli. Subjects and methods: This study is based on a retrospective observational study which was carried out in the Department of Radiology at the University Hospital Split. A sample of 78 patients was chosen who developed pulmonary embolism after being infected with SARS-CoV- 2. CTPAs were analyzed according to location and radiological appearance of PE. Results: Median age is 71 years and there is a slight male predominance. At least one comorbidity is present in majority of individuals (n= 64, 82.06%), whereas only 14 (17.94%) are without comorbidities. The most prevalent comorbidity is hypertension (n= 34, 43.53%) of PE patients either by itself or together with other diseases, such as diabetes or cardiac disorders. D-dimer levels are elevated (median 12.51, Q1-Q3 8.00-28.04) and PE is manifested at a median of 14 (Q1-Q3 11-19.5) days after Covid-19 diagnosis has been made. Unilateral pulmonary embolism was demonstrated in nearly half of patients who underwent CTPA, mostly located in one of the segmental or subsegmental branches (n=23,29.49% of total number of PE patients). In 8 (10.25%) cases PE involved unilaterally two or more of the segmental or subsegmental branches and typically encompassing areas of Covid-19 inflammation-related CT changes. In 33 (42.31%) patients the pulmonary tree affection was bilateral and involved multilobar/multisegmental levels. Branches at all levels and a wide variety of PE locations were present and were not necessarily linked to inflammatory damage seen on CT. The right lobe of the lung was more often involved than the opposite lobe. Conclusion: Our results showed that acute PE is a potential complication of Covid-19 even in mild forms or late in the course of the disease, when the initial symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection have already disappeared. Pulmonary branches of all sizes were affected, primarily those of smaller diameters and more often in the right lung. PE in Covid-19 patients seems to be rather an in-situ thrombosis in the lung than a consequence of a deep venous thrombosis, although an embolic event arising from dee vein thrombosis is possible, especially when comorbidities are present. There is a difference in the clinical picture of pulmonary infections between Covid-19 and non-Covid-19 patients. Appearance of the embolism and imaging of the lungs showed differences between infected and noninfected patients. Due to the infection, lung infiltrates and ground-glass opacities were seen more often as well as lymph node and vessel thickening and enlargement. So, beyond the PE, CT scanning shows common morphological patterns, but it must be emphasized that those patterns are not specific for Covid-19 as they can occur in other viral and non-viral diseases., Ciljevi: Cilj rada je evaluacija kliničke slike hospitaliziranih pacijenata oboljelih od Covid-19, te analiza nalaza kompjutorizirane tomografije onih pacijenata s popratnom embolijom pluća. Materijali i metode: Ovaj se rad prvenstveno temelji na retrospektivnoj opservacijskoj studiji provedenoj na odjelu za Radiologiju u Kliničko bolničkom Centru u Splitu. U studiji je bilo uključeno 78 pacijenata koji su u okviru infekcije sa SARS-CoV-2 imali emboliju pluća kao popratnu komplikaciju. Rezultati: Medijan starosne dobi je bio 71 godina s laganom prevagom muškog spola. U većini pacijenata je bio barem jedan komorbiditet (n= 64, 82,06%), samo 14 pacijenata (17,94%) je bilo bez popratnih oboljenja od kojih je najčešća bila hipertenzija (n= 34, 43,53%) kao jedina ili s drugim komorbiditetima kao šećerna bolest ili srčana oboljenja. D-dimeri su bili povišeni (medijan 12,51, Q1-Q3 8,00-28,04) dok se pulmonalna embolija manifestirala s medijanom od 14 (Q1-Q3 11-19,5) dana nakon dijagnoze Covid-19. U skoro polovice pacijenata CTPA je pokazala jednostranu pulmonalnu emboliju, najčešće lokaliziranu u segmentalnim ili subsegmentalnim granama (n=23,29,49% od ukupnog broja pacijenata s plućnom embolijom). U 8 slučajeva (10,25%) embolija je jednostrano obuhvatila dvije ili više segmentalnih ili subsegmentalnih grana i pri tome u pravilu obuhvaćala plućne areale sa znakovima upale u CT-u. U 33 pacijenata (42,31%) embolijom su bila pogođena oba plućna krila pri čemu su bile obuhvaćene multilobarne i multisegmentalne grane raznih veličina s velikom topografskom varijacijom. Pri tome embolija nije nužno bila povezana s arealima u kojima je CT pokazivao znakove upalnog procesa. Zaključci: Naši rezultati pokazuju da je akutna pulmonalna embolija moguća komplikacija kod Covid-19 čak i u blagim slučajevima te se može manifestirati i u kasnijim stadijima oboljenja kada početni simptomi već jenjavaju. Pogođene su grane svih veličina, prvenstveno one s malim promjerom te češće desno plućno krilo. Postoji osnovana sumnja da je pulmonalna embolija u Covid-19 pacijenata lokalnog uzroka a manje posljedica periferne tromboze, iako je takva moguća posebice u pacijenata s komorbiditetima. Isto tako se razlikuju karakteristike pulmonalne embolije kod Covid-19 te općenito slikovni nalazi u CT-u u usporedbi s pacijentima s drugim infekcijama pluća. Kod Covid-19 često su prisutni infiltrati te “groundglass” promjene, povećani medijastinalni limfni čvorovi kao zadebljanje i proširenja pulmonalnih arterija. Osim pulmonalne embolije CT pokazuje morfološke promjene koje ukazuju na prisutnost Covid-19 ali koje nisu specifične za Covid-19 jer su prisutne i kod pulmonalnih infekcija drugih uzroka.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate and compare suicide rates in regard to age groups, gender, place, cause of death and type of suicide, during the COVID-19 pandemic and the 10 years prior in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia. Additionally, we aimed to investigate overall suicide incidence during pre-COVID and the COVID pandemic . Subjects and methods: This retrospective epidemiological study included 481 subjects, which were categorized by age groups, gender, place, type of suicide and cause of death in Split-Dalmatia County from January 1st 2010 to December 31st 2020. Causes of death and mechanism of suicide were coded according to International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10). Results: In Split Dalmatia County 481 suicides were reported from 2010 to 2020. The youngest person committing suicide was in the group from 10-14 years of age, the oldest was older than 85 years. There was no significant difference in suicidal rates / 100.000 persons / per year between pre-COVID period and COVID-year (P= 0.915). The incidence of suicides in males was 2.5 times higher than in females with the rate difference of 9.5 (P=0.003). There was no significant difference of incidence of men (P=0.799) between pre-COVID and COVID period as well as in women (P=0.683). There was no statistically significant difference of suicidal rates according to age groups between pre-COVID and COVID period, except for 25-29 age group. The suicidal rate during the COVID period was 3.4 times higher than during pre-COVID period (P=0.095). The most common method of suicide was X70, with the same specific suicidal rate in pre-COVID and COVID period (5.1). There was no difference between pre-COVID and COVID according to mechanisms of death. Conclusion: Our results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in suicidal rates / 100.000 persons / per year between pre-COVID period and COVID-year. The incidence in males committing suicide was 2.5 times higher than in females. There was no significant difference between pre-COVID and COVID in suicidal rates in men, as well in women. The lowest suicide rate was seen in ages lower than 15 years old. Subsequently, the highest suicide rate was seen in the age group over 85 years. The most common type of suicide was X70, which has not changed since pre-COVID. We could not conclude a difference between pre-COVID and COVID according to mechanisms of death., Ciljevi: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je usporediti stope samoubojstava tijekom COVID-19 pandemije i 10 godina prije u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji, Hrvatska. Usporediti razdoblje prije COVID-a u trajanju od 2010. do 2019. s razdobljem COVID-a 2020. Dodatni cilj ove studije bio je istražiti je li došlo do porasta ili čak smanjenja broja samoubojstava prije COVID-a i tijekom pandemije COVID-a te je li bilo promjena u ukupnoj incidenciji samoubojstava. Subjekti i metode: Ovo retrospektivno epidemiološko istraživanje obuhvatilo je 481 ispitanika/sudionika koji su kategorizirani prema dobnim skupinama, spolu, mjestu, vrsti samoubojstva i uzroku smrti u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji od 1. siječnja 2010. do 31. prosinca 2020. Uzroci smrti i mehanizam samoubojstva su kodirani prema Međunarodnoj klasifikaciji bolesti, deseta revizija (ICD-10). Rezultati: U Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji od 2010. do 2020. godine prijavljeno je 481 samoubojstvo. Najmlađa osoba koja je počinila samoubojstvo bila je u skupini od 10 do 14 godina, a najstarija je bila starija od 85 godina. Nije bilo značajne razlike u stopama suicida /100.000 osoba/ godišnje između razdoblja prije COVID-a i godine COVID-a (P= 0,915). Učestalost samoubojstava kod muškaraca bila je 2,5 puta veća nego kod žena s razlikom u stopi od 9,5 (P=0,003). Nije bilo značajne razlike u incidenciji muškaraca (P=0,799) između razdoblja prije COVID-a i COVID-a, kao ni kod žena (P=0,683). Nije bilo statistički značajne razlike u stopama suicida prema dobnim skupinama između razdoblja prije COVID-a i razdoblja COVID-a, osim u dobnoj skupini od 25 do 29 godina. Stopa suicida tijekom razdoblja COVID-a bila je 3,4 puta veća nego tijekom razdoblja prije COVID-a (P=0,095). Najčešća metoda samoubojstva bila je X70, s istom specifičnom stopom suicida u razdoblju prije i tijekom COVID-a (5,1). Nije bilo razlike između pre-COVID-a i COVID-a prema mehanizmima smrti. Zaključak: Naši rezultati su pokazali da nije bilo statistički značajne razlike u stopama suicida /100.000 osoba/ godišnje između razdoblja prije COVID-a i COVID-godine. Učestalost samoubojstava kod muškaraca bila je 2,5 puta veća nego kod žena. Nije bilo značajne razlike između prije COVID-a i COVID-a u stopama suicida kod muškaraca, kao ni kod žena. Najniža stopa samoubojstava zabilježena je u dobi ispod 15 godina. Najveća stopa zabilježena je u dobnoj skupini iznad 85 godina. Najčešći tip samoubojstva bio je X70 prije i za vrijeme pandemije. Nismo mogli zaključiti razliku između pre-COVID-a i COVID-a prema mehanizmima smrti.

Cilj istraživanja: Cilj ovog istraživanja je ispitati zastupljenost simptoma sindroma sagorijevanja u medicinskih sestara i tehničara te utvrditi povezanost s duljinom izravne izloženosti radu s pacijentima oboljelima od bolesti COVID-19 i psihološkom fleksibilnosti. Utvrditi postoji li povezanost sindroma sagorijevanja i psihološke fleksibilnosti sa spolom, obrazovanjem, dobi i duljinom radnog staža. Ispitanici i postupci: Istraživanje se provelo na uzorku od oko 211 medicinskih sestara i tehničara zdravstvenih ustanova diljem Republike Hrvatske pri čemu su se upitnici ispunjavali putem elektronske verzije. Korišten je demografski upitnik i upitnik o radu s COVID-19 pacijentima te dva standardizirana upitnika: Upitnik intenziteta sagorijevanja na poslu i Upitnik prihvaćanja i akcije (AAQ-II). Statistička analiza je učinjena u programu IBM SPSS Statistics 20. Rezultati: Prosječni rezultat naših 211 ispitanika na Upitniku sagorijevanja iznosio je 27,25 što znači da u prosjeku imaju početne simptome sagorijevanja na poslu. Rezultat na Upitniku sagorijevanja se nije statistički značajno razlikovao između osoba koje su bile raspoređene za rad na COVID-19 odjelu i onih koji to nisu te nije ovisio o duljini rada na odjelu. Rezultati na Upitniku prihvaćanja i akcije (AAQ-II) pozitivno koreliraju s ukupnim rezultatom na Upitniku sagorijevanja, tj. medicinske sestre i tehničari koji imaju veću psihološku fleksibilnost imaju nižu razinu sindroma sagorijevanja. Stupanj stresa na odjelu s COVID-19 bolesnicima pozitivno korelira s ukupnim rezultatom na Upitniku sagorijevanja i na Upitniku prihvaćanja i akcije (AAQ-II). Osobe koje su stupanj stresa proglasile višim imale su i više sagorijevanja na poslu te veću psihološku nefleksibilnost. Nismo dobili statistički značajne razlike između demografskih skupina (spol, obrazovanje, dob, duljina radnog staža) na Upitniku sagorijevanja i Upitniku akcije i prihvaćanja (AAQ-II). Zaključci: Dobiveno pokazuje kako su, neovisno o iskustvu i duljini rada s COVID-19 pacijentima, medicinske sestre i tehničari generalno u riziku za sagorijevanje na radnom mjestu i psihičke smetnje. Ove spoznaje ističu važnost brige za mentalno zdravlje zdravstvenih djelatnika kao vulnerabilne skupine za razvoj psihičkih smetnji te otvaraju prostor za razvoj pravovremenih preventivnih i intervencijskih aktivnosti s posebnim naglaskom na one koje za cilj imaju poboljšati psihološku fleksibilnost., Objectives: The aim of this research is to examine the prevalence of symptoms of burnout syndrome in nurses and to determine the relationship with the length of direct exposure to work with patients suffering from the disease COVID-19 and psychological flexibility. We also wanted to determine whether there is an association between burnout syndrome and psychological flexibility with gender, education, age and length of service. Subjects and Methods: The research was conducted on a sample of about 211 nurses of health institutions throughout the Republic of Croatia, where the questionnaires were filled out via the electronic version. A demographic questionnaire and a questionnaire on working with COVID-19 patients and two standardized questionnaires were used: the Burnout Intensity Questionnaire and the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II). Statistical analysis was performed in the IBM SPSS Statistics 20 program. Results: The average score of our 211 respondents on the Burnout Questionnaire was 27.25, which means that in general they have initial symptoms of burnout at work. The result on the Burnout Questionnaire was not statistically significantly different between people who were assigned to work in the COVID-19 ward and those who were not, and it did not depend on the length of work in the ward. The results on the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II) positively correlate with the total score on the Burnout Questionnaire, meaning nurses and technicians who have higher psychological flexibility have a lower level of burnout syndrome. The degree of stress in the ward with COVID-19 patients positively correlates with the total score on the Burnout Questionnaire and the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II). People who declared the level of stress to be higher had more burnout at work and greater psychological inflexibility. We did not obtain statistically significant differences between demographic groups (gender, education, age, length of work experience) on the Burnout Questionnaire and the Action and Acceptance Questionnaire (AAQ-II). Conclusions: The findings show that, regardless of experience and length of work with COVID-19 patients, nurses are generally at risk for workplace burnout and psychological distress. These findings highlight the importance of caring for the mental health of health workers as a vulnerable group for the development of psychological disorders.

Cilj istraživanja: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je usporediti učestalost karcinoma bubrega dijagnosticiranih bolesnicima prije i za vrijeme pandemije Covid-19. Ispitanici i metode: Ovo istraživanje obuhvatilo je 222 patohistološka nalaza s potvrdom karcinoma bubrega iz arhive Kliničkog zavoda za patologiju, citologiju i sudsku medicinu KBC-a Split u vremenskom razdoblju prije pandemije Covid-19 (1.1.2019. - 1.3.2020.) i za vrijeme pandemije (1.3.2020 – 31.12.2021). Podciljevi ove studije bili su analizirati i usporediti stupanj proširenosti bolesti i vrste obavljenih operacijskih zahvata te demografske i patohistološke karakteristike karcinoma bubrega u bolesnika prije i za vrijeme pandemije Covid-19. Rezultati: Od ukupnog broja karcinoma bubrega (n=222), 117 ih je dijagnosticirano u godini prije Covid-19 pandemije, dok je preostalih 105 karcinoma zabilježeno u godini Covid-19 pandemije. Muškarci su obolijevali češće od žena u obje skupine ispitanika. Središnja vrijednost dobi u godini prije pandemije bila je 67 godina, dok se u godini pandemije spustila na 65 godina što je statistički značajno. U godini prije pandemije Covida-19 izvršeno je 5 parcijalnih nefrektomija, dok je u godini pandemije izvršeno 15 parcijalnih nefrektomija što je statistički značajan porast. Totalna nefrektomija najčešći je proveden zahvat u obje skupine ispitanika. U godini prije pandemije dijagnosticiran je jedan onkocitom i niti jedan papilarni karcinom tip II, dok je u drugoj skupini otkriveno 8 papilarnih karcinoma tip II i 7 onkocitoma, što se pokazalo statistički značajno. Prilikom postavljanja dijagnoze u obje ispitivane skupine najveći broj pacijenata je bio u prvom stadiju bolesti, a najmanji je broj pacijenata imao uznapredovalu bolest s presadnicama. Zaključci: U promatranom periodu za vrijeme pandemije SARS-CoV-2 došlo je do blagog pada u broju novootkrivenih slučajeva karcinoma bubrega, no nije bilo značajnih odstupanja u demografskim i patohistološkim karakteristikama bolesnika oboljelih od karcinoma bubrega u usporedbi s bolesnicima oboljelih od karcinoma bubrega u godini prije pandemije., Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare frequency of renal cell carcinoma diagnosed in patients before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: This study included 222 medical reports with patohistological confirmation of renal cell carcinoma at the Clinical Department of pathology, forensic medicine and cytology at the University Hospital Center Split in the period before the Covid-19 pandemic (January 1, 2019 – March 1, 2020) and during pandemic (March 1, 2020 – December 31, 2021). Objectives of this study were to analyze and compare the extent of the disease and the type of surgery preformed, as well as the demographics and patohistological characteristics of renal cell carcinoma diagnosed in patients before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Results: Of the total number of kidney carcinoma (n=222), 117 were diagnosed in the year before Covid-19 pandemic, while the remaining 105 cancers were reported in the year during Covid-19 pandemic. In both groups results show higher incidence of renall cell carcinoma in men than women. The median age in the year before pandemic was 67 years, while it dropped in the year during pandemic on 65 years, which is statistically significant. Five partial nephrectomies were preformed in the year before Covid-19 pandemic, while in the year of the pandemic 15 partial nephrectomies were preformed, which is statistically significant increase. Total nephrectomy is the most common preformed procedure in both groups. In the year before the pandemic, zero papillary renal cell carcinomas type II and 1 oncocytoma were diagnosed, while in the year of pandemic, 8 papillary renal cell carcinomas type II and 7 oncocytomas were detected, which is statistically significant. At the time of diagnosis in both study groups, the largest number of patients was in the first stage of diseas, and the smallest number of patients had advanced disease with metastases. Conclusion: In the observed period during the Covid-19 pandemic, there was a slight decrease in the number of newly detected renal cell carcinomas,but there were no significant deviationts in the demographics and patohistological characteristics in patients with renal cell carcinoma compared to patients diagnosed with cancer in the year before the Covid-19 pandemic.

Cilj istraživanja: Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je utvrditi je li COVID-19 pandemija utjecala na povećanje stope orhidektomije, kod dječaka s akutnom torzijom testisa, u odnosu na predpandemijsko razdbolje. Ispitanici i metode: Istraživanje je provedeno u periodu od siječnja 2019. do prosinca 2020. Uključeno je 119 bolesnika iz šest ustanova, koji su operirani zbog akutne torzije testisa. Istraživanje je provedeno u Hrvatskoj kao multicentrična retrospektivna studija, a bolesnici su podijeljeni u dvije skupine. Bolesnici operirani prije proglašenja pandemije (n = 68) činili su prvu skupinu (pre-COVID-19), a druga se skupina (COVID-19) sastojala od bolesnika operiranih za vrijeme pandemije (n = 51). Stopa orhidektomije i vrijeme od nastupa simptoma do javljanja na hitni prijem bili su glavni ishodi istraživanja. Rezultati: Stopa orhidektomije u predpandemijsko vrijeme iznosila je 16,2% (11/68), a u COVID-19 skupini 43,1% (22/51) (P = 0,001). Nadalje, u pre-COVID-19 skupini medijan vremena od nastupa simptoma do dolaska na prijem iznosio je 6 sati (IQR 3; 22), dok je tijekom pandemije ta vrijednost izosnila 14 sati (IQR 5; 48) (P = 0,007). U usporedbi s pre-COVID-19 razdobljem, tijekom COVID-19 pandemije veći udio bolesnika čekao je dulje od 24 sata do dolaska na hitni prijem (8,8% i 47%, P = 0,007). Zaključci: Ovim istraživanjem utvrđena je značajno viša stopa orhidektomije i češće kašnjenje u dolasku na hitni prijem zbog akutne torzije testisa u vrijeme COVID-19 pandemije. Nužno je osigurati bolju edukaciju bolesnika o hitnim stanjima, poput testikularne torzije, u pandemijskim uvjetima., Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether the COVID-19 pandemic affected the increase in the orchiectomy rate, in boys with acute testicular torsion, compared to the pre-pandemic period. Patients and methods: The study was conducted in the period from January 2019 to December 2020. It included 119 patients from six institutions, who underwent surgery for acute testicular torsion. The study was conducted in Croatia as a multicenter retrospective study. Patients were divided into two groups. Patients operated on before the pandemic was declared (n = 68) made up the first group (pre-COVID-19) and the second group (COVID-19) consisted of patients operated on during the pandemic (n = 51). The rate of orchiectomy and the time from onset of symptoms to emergency response were the main outcomes of the study. Results: The rate of orchidectomy in the pre-pandemic period was 16.2% (11/68), and in the COVID-19 group 43.1% (22/51) (P = 0.001). Furthermore, in the pre-COVID-19 group, the median time from onset of symptoms to admission was 6 hours (IQR 3; 22), while during the pandemic this value was 14 hours (IQR 5; 48) (P = 0.007). Compared to the pre-COVID-19 period, during the COVID-19 pandemic, a higher proportion of patients waited longer than 24 hours to arrive at the emergency room (8.8% and 47%, P = 0.007). Conclusion: This study found a significantly higher rate of orchiectomy and more frequent delays in arriving at the emergency room due to acute testicular torsion during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is necessary to ensure better education of patients about emergencies, such as testicular torsion, in pandemic conditions.

Cilj istraživanja: Cilj je ovog istraživanja usporediti antropometrijske i laboratorijske karakteristike COVID-19 bolesnika sa i bez embolije pluća te analizirati statistički značajne razlike i utvrditi koji faktori doprinose razvoju plućne embolije. Ispitanici i metode: Provedeno je retrospektivno kohortno istraživanje. Nasumičnim odabirom uzelo se 100 COVID-19 bolesnika u periodu 1.1.-31.12.2021., 50 onih sa plućnom embolijom te 50 onih bez nje. Ispitivanje razlike u numeričkim varijablama se ispituje T-testom, dok se kod kvalitativnih pokazatelja koristi χ2 test. Razlika u zastupljenosti prethodnih bolesti i vrste terapije se ispituje Z testom za nezavisna mjerenja. Rezultati: Većinu COVID-19 bolesnika čine muškarci (60%) kao i većinu pacijenata sa embolijom (54%). Srednja dob bolesnika je za 6 godina veća u testnoj grupi. Pušenje kao navika je 2,33 puta češće u osoba sa embolijom, a cijepljenje 2,33 puta češće u osoba bez embolije. U 80% pacijenata imamo prisutne komorbiditete kojima predvodi arterijska hipertenzija (62,5%). Antikoagulacijska i/ili antiagregacijska terapija češća je 1,57 puta u kontrolnoj grupi. CRP, leukociti, D-dimeri, trombociti i NT-proBNP bilježe rast u testnoj grupi u odnosu na kontrolu. U prosjeku se embolija javljala 11 dana od početka simptoma sa najčešćim nalazom u segmentalnim ograncima (38%). Mehanička ventilacija je 1,67 puta češće korištena u bolesnika sa embolijom. Smrtni slučaj je 1,75 puta češći u bolesnika sa embolijom. Zaključci: Starija dob predstavlja rizični faktor za plućnu emboliju, dok se muški spol i veći broj komorbiditeta nisu pokazali statistički značajnima. Antiagregacijska i/ili antikoagulacijska terapija kao kronična terapija nije se pokazala statistički značajnom u smanjenju incidencije plućne embolije. Bolesnici sa plućnom embolijom imaju više vrijednosti D-dimera i leukocita u odnosu na COVID-19 bolesnike koji je nisu razvili, dok se CRP nije pokazao statistički značajnim. Veći je broj umjetno ventiliranih i umrlih u testnoj u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu iako bez statističke značajnosti., Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare the anthropometric and laboratory findings of COVID-19 patients with and without pulmonary embolism and to analize statistically significant differences to determine which factors contribute to the development of pulmonary embolism. Subjects and methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study with randomly selected 100 COVID-19 patients in the period of 1.1.-31.12.2021., 50 who developed pulmonary embolism and 50 who did not. T-test was used for examining the differences in the numerical variables, while for the qualitative indicators χ2 test was used. The difference in the prevalence of previous diseases and the type of therapy was examined using the Z-test for independent measurements. Results: Most COVID-19 patients are men (60%) as well as most patients who developed pulmonary embolism (54%). The mean age is by 6 years higher in the test group. Smoking is 2.33 times more common in patients with PE, whilst vaccination is 2.33 times more common in patients without PE. 80% of patients have comorbidities with arterial hypertension being the most common one (62.5%). Anticoagulation and/or antiplatelet therapy is 1.57 times more common in the control group. CRP, leukocytes, D-dimers, platelets, and NT-proBNP have higher values in the test group in regards to the controls. In average 11 days were needed from the beginning of the symptoms to the development of pulmonary embolism with the most common location being the segmental branches (38%). Mechanical ventilation was 1.67 times more commonly used in patients with PE. Also there have been 1.75 times more death cases in patients with PE. Conclusions: Older age presents a risk factor for the development of PE, whilst male gender and the number of comorbidities did not show any statistical significance. Anticoagulation and/or antiplatelet therapy did not show any statistically significant reduction in PE. Patients with PE generally have higher values of D-dimers and leukocytes while CRP was not shown as a statistically significant risk factor. There have been more mechanically ventilated patients in the test group, as well as more deaths but without statistical significance.

Cilj istraživanja: Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je procijeniti stavove studenata medicine i dentalne medicine o cijepljenju protiv COVID-19 bolesti, utvrditi razlikuju li se stavovi studenata pretkliničkih i kliničkih godina studija, te studenta koji su preboljeli bolest COVID-19. Ispitanici i postupci: Provedeno je presječno istraživanje u svrhu ispitivanja stavova studenata medicine i dentalne medicine Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu o cijepljenju protiv COVID-19 bolesti. Podaci su prikupljeni rješavanjem anketnog upitnika putem Google forms internetske aplikacije tijekom lipnja 2021. Upitnik se sastojao od ukupno 34. pitanja, uključujući peterostupanjsku Likertovu skalu koja je sadržavala 27 tvrdnji. Za analizu podataka korišten je statistički software MedCalc® Rezultati: Nije pronađena statistički značajna razlika između studenata pretkliničhih i kliničkih godina studija na osnovu općih stavova o cjepivima (P=0,113) ili stavova o COVID-19 cjepivima (P=0,236). Većina studenata (50,8%) smatra da su na fakultetu stekli dovoljno informacija o COVID-19 bolesti, te da se osjećaju sposobnim informirati populaciju o njoj. Procijepljenost studenata koji su preboljeli COVID-19 bolest je drastično niža od onih koji je nisu preboljeli (P, Objective: The main objective of this study was to assess the differences in attitudes concerning vaccination against COVID-19 disease in medical and dental students, as well as to compare those attitudes between preclinical and clinical students. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the attitudes of medical and dental students toward vaccination against COVID-19 disease. The data was collected using a survey questionnaire via the Google forms online application during June of 2021. The questionnaire consisted of 34 questions total, including a five-point Likert scale that contained 27 statements. MedCalc® statistical software was used for data analysis. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between general attitudes of preclinical and clinical students towards vaccines (P = 0.113), nor attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines (P = 0.236). The majority of students (50.8%) believe that they have gained enough information about COVID-19 during their education, and that they feel able to inform the larger population about it. Vaccination of students who had COVID-19 was drastically lower than those who did not (P

Cilj: Utvrditi postoje li promjene u ponašanju, raspoloženju i navikama spavanja tijekom pandemije uzrokovane virusom SARS-CoV-2 ovisno o dobi i spolu te analizirati stavove o cijepljenju. Ispitanici i metode: Tijekom dva mjeseca (26.veljače – 26. travnja 2021.) pandemije COVID-19, 636 osoba (od kojih je 74% žena) je ispunilo online upitnik poslan putem društvenih mreža do ispitanika.Većina ispitanika je u vrijeme karantene boravila na području Hrvatske (62,26%), Bosne i Hercegovine (29,72%) i Njemačke (6,92%) te je uključen i po jedan ispitanik iz Velike Britanije, Irske, Ukrajine, Slovenije, Makedonije, SAD-a i Australije. Dob nije bila kriterij isključenja pa najmlađi ispitanik ima 12, a najstariji 78 godina. Od njih se tražilo da prosljeđuju link svojim kontaktima (metoda snježne grude). Prikupljeni su demografski podaci, podaci o stavovima o cijepljenju te podaci o promjenama ponašanja, raspoloženja, navikama spavanja prije i tijekom karantene. Rezultati: Ispitanici ne konzumiraju značajno više cigareta, kave i alkohola tijekom pandemije. S druge strane, kraće vježbaju te značajno više vremena provode na društvenim mrežama tijekom pandemije (P, Aim: to determine whether there are changes in behavior, mood and sleep habits during a lockdown caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus depending on age and sex, and to analyze attitudes about vaccination. Subjects and methods: During the two months (February 26 - April 26, 2021) of the COVID-19 pandemic, 636 people (74% of whom were women) completed an online questionnaire sent via social media to respondents. Most respondents were resided in Croatia (62.26%), Bosnia and Herzegovina (29.72%) and Germany (6.92%) in quarantine and one respondent from Great Britain, Ireland, Ukraine, Slovenia, Macedonia, Australia and the USA was included. Age was not an exclusion criteria, so the youngest respondent is 12 and the oldest is 78 years old. They were asked to forward the link to their contacts (snowball method). Demographic data, data on attitudes towards vaccination, and data on changes in behavior, mood and sleep habits before and during quarantine were collected. Results: Respondents do not consume significantly more cigarettes, coffee, and alcohol during a pandemic. They exercise less and spend significantly more time on social media during a pandemic (P

Cilj istraživanja: Glavni cilj ovoga istraživanja je bio procijeniti stavove o utjecaju pandemije COVID-19 na nastavne aktivnosti i razine percipiranog stresa studenata završnih godina medicine, dentalne medicine i farmacije na Medicinskom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Splitu. Ispitanici i postupci: Istraživanje je provedeno na ukupno 140 studenata. Podaci su dobiveni putem anketnog upitnika uporabom aplikacije Google forms. Stavovi o utjecaju pandemije na nastavu ocijenjeni su putem 10 tvrdnji. Određivanje razina percipiranog stresa temeljilo se na PSS (engl. Percived Stress Scale) upitniku, a težina simptoma povezanih sa stresom po pitanju COVID-19 ocijenila se na temelju IES-COVID-19 (engl. Impact on Event Scale-COVID19) upitniku. Rezultati: Većina ispitanika je imala strah od manjka znanja uslijed nastave na daljinu i pandemije COVID-19 (68,6%). Također, većina ispitanika je bila slabije motivirana za učenje prilikom obavljanja nastave na daljinu (70,7%). Većina studenata je bila pod umjerenim razinama stresa ispitanim PSS upitnikom (61%), a među njima su studentice, u odnosu na studente imale statistički značajno viši PSS zbroj (P=0,016). Glavnina ispitanika je imala slabe traumtske simptome stresa ispitane IES-COVID-19 upitnikom (62%.), dok je manji dio imao umjerene traumatske simptome (28%), najmanji dio teške simptome (10%). Značajno viši IES-COVID-19 zbroj su imali studenti dentalne medicine i framacije nasuprot studenata medicine (P=0,006). Studenti koji su pokazali strah od manje količine znanja imali su statistički značajno više razine stresa (P, Objectives: The aim of this research was to assess attitudes about the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on educational activities and perceived stress levels for medical, dental and pharmacy students attending final years at the University of Split, School of Medicine Subjects and Methods: The research was conducted on 140 students. Data was obtained through a survey questionnaire using the Google forms application. Students' views about the impact of the pandemic on schooling were assessed through a 10 item questionnaire. Perceived stress was determined based on the PSS score, and the severity of COVID-19 trauma-related symptoms was assessed based on the IES-COVID-19 score. Results: Most respondents feared a lack of knowledge due to distance learning and the effect of COVID-19 pandemic (68.6%). Also, the majority of respondents were less motivated to study while conducting distance learning (70.7%). Most students were under moderate stress levels (61%). Among them, female students had significantly higher PSS score than male students (P=0.016). The majority of respondents had mild distress (62%), while a smaller number had moderate distress (28%) and minimal number had severe distress (10%). Dental and pharmacy students had significantly higher IES-COVID-19 score than medical students (P=0.006). Students who showed fear for lack of knowledge perceived significantly higher stress levels (P

Objectives: The study aimed to explore clinical features and outcomes in elderly nursing home patients. Materials and methods: This research was conducted as an observational retrospective study. We included 94 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients admitted to the Hospital of Split from elderly nursing homes from 1 March to 31 May 2020. Medical data were collected by reviewing medical files from the archive at the Clinic of Infectology in Split Hospital. Results: The ages of the participants range from 47 to 96 years, which we stratified into six age groups, ranging from 45-54 to 95-104. The age-specific mortality rate per 100 was calculated and showed an upward trend after the 65-74 group. This relationship was statistically significant χ2(3, N=93) =10.21, P=0.037. After calculating the specific death rate per 100 for the one comorbidity category (24.14) and two or more comorbidities category (29.13), the Chi-square test resulted in χ2(3, N=94) =0.30, P=0.610. Furthermore, we could not prove a statistically significant relationship between severity and number of comorbidities with the Chi-square test resulting χ2(3, N=94) =2.06, P=0.724. The proportion of symptomatic to asymptomatic patients was 0.84 and 0.16, respectively. 72 patients had relevant information about testing. Respiratory cause of death was the majority with 81%. The range of PCR positivity was 3-56 days with a mean of 21.67, median of 19.5, and interquartile range of 15-27 days. Conclusions: Mortality increases with increasing age, and the great majority of the people that died had respiratory complications. The proportion of symptomatic to asymptomatic patients models the recent studies and are 84 and 16%, respectively. We could not prove a statistically significant correlation between the number of comorbidity and severity and mortality although, several studies have shown a link. The mean duration of PCR positivity was 19.5 days, and this is similar to several studies of the general population, although huge heterogenicity is an issue., Ciljevi: Cilj studije bio je istražiti kliničke značajke i ishode kod starijih pacijenata u staračkim domovima. Materijali i metode: Ovo istraživanje provedeno je kao opservacijska retrospektivna studija. Uključili smo 94 pozitivna pacijenta na SARS-CoV-2 primljena u splitsku bolnicu iz domova za starije osobe od 1. ožujka do 31. svibnja 2020. godine. Medicinski podaci prikupljeni su pregledom medicinske dokumentacije iz arhive Klinike za infektologiju splitske bolnice. Rezultati: Dob sudionika kreće se od 47 do 96 godina, koje smo stratificirali u šest dobnih skupina, u rasponu od 45-54 do 95-104. Stopa smrtnosti specifična za dob na 100 godina izračunata je i pokazala je uzlazni trend nakon skupine 65-74. Taj je odnos bio statistički značajan χ2(3; N=93) =10,21, P=0,037. Nakon izračuna specifične stope smrtnosti na 100 za kategoriju jednog komorbiditeta (24,14) i dvije ili više kategorija komorbiditeta (29,13), Chi-kvadratni test χ2(3, N=94) =0,30, P=0,610. Nadalje, nismo mogli dokazati statistički značajnu vezu između ozbiljnosti i broja komorbiditeta s Chi-kvadratnim testom koji je rezultirao χ2(3, N=94) =2,06, P=0,724. Udio simptomatskih i asimptomatskih bolesnika bio je 0,84 odnosno 0,16. 72 bolesnika imala su relevantne informacije o testiranju. Respiratorni uzrok smrti bila je većina s 81%. Raspon PCR pozitivnosti bio je 3-56 dana sa srednjom sredinom od 21,67, medijanom od 19,5 i interkvartilnim rasponom od 15-27 dana. Zaključci: Smrtnost se povećava s povećanjem dobi, a velika većina ljudi koji su umrli imala je respiratorne komplikacije. Udio simptomatskih i asimptomatskih bolesnika modelira nedavne studije i 84 odnosno 16%. Nismo mogli dokazati statistički značajnu korelaciju između broja komorbiditeta i ozbiljnosti i smrtnosti iako je nekoliko studija pokazalo vezu. Srednje trajanje PCR pozitivnosti bilo je 19,5 dana, a to je slično nekoliko studija opće populacije, iako je problem ogromna heterogenost.

Ciljevi : Glavni cilj je analizirati morbiditete pacijenata koji dolaze na Hitni neurološki prijem KBC-a Split tijekom potpunog zatvaranja 2020. godine uz usporedbu s istim razdobljem 2019. godine. Cilj je napraviti usporednu analizu najčešćih radnih dijagnoza i medicinske obrade. Materijali i metode: Provedeno je retrospektivno opažajno istraživanje. Korišteni podatci su prikupljeni iz protokolne knjige Hitnog neurološkog prijema Kliničkog bolničkog centra Split za razdoblja od 18.03. do 03.05. 2019. i 2020. godine. Analiza podataka je rađena u programima STATISTICA 12, Microsoft Word i Microsoft Excel. Rezultati: U odnosu na razdoblje potpunog zatvaranja 2020. godine, broj pacijenata u istom razdoblju 2019. godine bio je 2,44 puta veći (ꭓ2=275,11; P, Objectives: The main objective is to analyze the morbidities of patients coming to the Emergency Neurological Department (END) at the University Hospital of Split during lockdown in 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. The aim is to make a comparative analysis of the most common diagnoses and medical decisions. Materials and methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted. The data used was collected from the protocol book of the END at the University Hospital of Split for the period from 18.03. to 03.05. 2019 and 2020. Data analysis was performed in STATISTICA 12, Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel. Results: Compared to lockdown in 2020, the number of patients in the same period in 2019 was 2.44 times higher (ꭓ2 = 275.11; p

Ciljevi istraživanja: Utvrditi mogućnost prikupljanja konvalescentne COVID-19 plazme u Zavodu za transfuzijsku medicinu KBC Split te povezanost razine titra SARS-CoV-2 IgG protutijela s vremenskim razdobljem od preboljenja COVID-19 i kliničkom slikom kod darovatelja krvi. Ispitanici i metode: Ispitanici su darovatelji krvi s preboljelim COVID-19 u anamnezi u razdoblju od 17.02.2021. do 10.05.2021. godine . U istraživanju su korišteni anamnestički podaci na liječničkom pregledu prije postupka uzimanja krvi i rezultati testiranja razine titra SARS-CoV-2 IgG protutijela u uzorku krvi darovatelja.Testiranje razine titra protutijela rađeno je testom MAGLUMI SARS- CoV-2 S-RBD IgG za kvantitativno određivanje SARS-CoV-2 IgG protutijela kemiluminiscentnom (CLIA) metodom pri Kliničkom zavodu za mikrobiologiju i parazitologiju i testom ARC SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant testom za kvalitativnu i kvantitativnu detekciju protutijela CLIA metodom pri Zavodu za transfuzijsku medicinuKBC-a Split. Rezultati: Od 17.02.2021. do 10.05.2021. godine u Zavodu za transfuzijsku medicinu KBC-a Split napravljeno je 60 testova plazme ARC SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant. Test je napravljen u 60 muškaraca, medijana životne dobi 38 godina. Nismo dokazali statistički značajnu razliku životne dobi ispitanika u odnosu na vrijednosti titra ( χ² = 5.0; P=0.084). Od ukupnog broja ispitanika za koje su bili dostupni podataci o kliničkoj slici (N=56) njih 55 (98%) je imalo blagu kliničku sliku. Postoji statistički značajna povezanost vremena preteklog od preboljenja COVID- 19 do doniranja plazme s vrijednostima titra (50-839; ≥840) (χ²= 4.0; P=0.046). Od ukupnog broja ispitanika njih 5 (8%) je cijepljeno jednom dozom mjesec dana prije doniranja plazme. Svih 5 cijepljenih ispitanika imalo je titar ≥840 AU/ml. U istom razdoblju pri Kliničkom zavodu za mikrobiologiju i parazitologiju KBC-a Split napravljeno je 110 testova plazme MAGLUMI SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD IgG . Test je napravljen u 110 muškaraca, medijana životne dobi 42 godine. Također nismo dokazali statistički značajnu razliku životne dobi ispitanika u odnosu na vrijednosti titra ( χ² = 5.0; P=0.075) kao i od ukupnog broja ispitanika za koje su bili dostupni podataci o kliničkoj slici (N=98) njih 89 (91%) je imalo blagu kliničku sliku. Razdioba ispitanika prema vremenu dolaska u odnosu na vrijednosti titra nije se statistički značajno razlikovala (χ²=2.5; P=0.283). Od ukupnog broja ispitanika bio je samo jedan cijepljeni jednom dozom mjesec dana prije doniranja plazme i imao je titar ≥10.05 AU/ml. Zaključci:Rezultati ovog istraživanja ukazuju da se na Zavodu za transfuzijsku medicinu može prikupljati konvalescentna COVID- 19 plazma. Ne može se dokazati statistički značajna razlika životne dobi ispitanika u odnosu na vrijednosti titra. Većina ispitanika je imala blagu kliničku sliku. Postoji statistički značajna povezanost vremena preteklog od preboljenja COVID-19 do doniranja plazme s vrijednostima titra protutijela., Objectives: To determine the possibility of collecting convalescent COVID-19 plasma in the Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Split and the relationship between the level of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody titer with the time period from COVID-19 recovery and the clinical picture in blood donors. Subjects and methods: Subjects were blood donors with a history of COVID-19 in the period from 17.02.2021. to 10.05.2021. year . The study used anamnestic data on a medical examination before the blood sampling procedure and the results of testing the level of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody titers in a donor blood sample. Testing the antibody titer level was performed by the MAGLUMI SARS-CoV-2 S- RBD IgG test for the quantitative determination of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies by the chemiluminescent (CLIA) method at the Clinical Department of Microbiology and Parasitology and the ARC SARG II Co-II test test for qualitative and quantitative detection of antibodies by the CLIA method at the Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center Split. Results:From 17.02.2021. to 10.05.2021. 60 plasma tests of ARC SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant were performed in the Department of Transfusion Medicine of the Clinical Hospital Center Split. The test was done in 60 men, median age 38 years. We did not prove a statistically significant difference in the age of the subjects in relation to the titer values (χ² = 5.0; P = 0.084). Of the total number of subjects for whom clinical picture data were available (N = 56), 55 (98%) had a mild clinical picture. There is a statistically significant association of the time elapsed from COVID-19 recovery to plasma donation with titer values (50-839; ≥840) (χ² = 4.0; P = 0.046). Of the total number of subjects, 5 (8%) were vaccinated with a single dose one month before plasma donation. All 5 vaccinated subjects had a titer ≥840 AU / ml. In the same period, 110 plasma tests of MAGLUMI SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD IgG were performed at the Clinical Department of Microbiology and Parasitology of the Clinical Hospital Center Split. The test was performed in 110 men, median age 42 years. We also did not prove a statistically significant difference in the age of the subjects in relation to the titer values (χ² = 5.0; P = 0.075) as well as from the total number of subjects for whom clinical picture data were available (N = 98) 89 of them (91%) had a mild clinical picture. The distribution of subjects according to the time of arrival in relation to the titer values,significantly did not differ statistically (χ² = 2.5; P = 0.283). Of the total subjects, only one was vaccinated with a single dose one month before plasma donation and had a titer ≥10.05 AU / ml. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that convalescent COVID-19 plasma can be collected at the Department of Transfusion Medicine. A statistically significant difference in the age of the subjects in relation to the titer values cannot be proven. Most subjects had a mild clinical picture. There is a statistically significant association of the time elapsed from COVID-19 recovery to plasma donation with antibody titer values.