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1. Mass testing after a single suspected or confirmed case of COVID-19 in London care homes, April-May 2020: implications for policy and practice.

Author

Tang S, Sanchez Perez M, Saavedra-Campos M, Paranthaman K, Myers R, Fok J, Crawley-Boevey E, Dun-Campbell K, Janarthanan R, Fernandez E, Vusirikala A, Patel B, Ma T, Amin-Chowdhury Z, Shetty N, Zambon M, Bell A, Wynne-Evans E, Chow Y, and Ladhani S

Subjects
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 transmission, COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing, COVID-19 Testing, England, Female, Humans, Infection Control, London epidemiology, Long-Term Care, Male, Pandemics, Policy, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, SARS-CoV-2 genetics, Whole Genome Sequencing, COVID-19 diagnosis, Mass Screening statistics & numerical data, SARS-CoV-2 isolation & purification
Abstract

Introduction: Previous investigations have identified high rates of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among residents and staff in care homes reporting an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We investigated care homes reporting a single suspected or confirmed case to assess whether early mass testing might reduce risk of transmission during the peak of the pandemic in London., Methods: Between 18 and 27 April 2020, residents and staff in care homes reporting a single case of COVID-19 to Public Health England had a nasal swab to test for SARS-CoV-2 infection by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and subsequent whole-genome sequencing. Residents and staff in two care homes were re-tested 8 days later., Results: Four care homes were investigated. SARS-CoV-2 positivity was 20% (65/333) overall, ranging between 3 and 59%. Among residents, positivity ranged between 3 and 76% compared with 3 and 40% in staff. Half of the SARS-CoV-2-positive residents (23/46, 50%) and 63% of staff (12/19) reported symptoms within 14 days before or after testing. Repeat testing 8 days later in two care homes with the highest infection rates identified only two new cases. Genomic analysis demonstrated a small number of introduction of the virus into care homes, and distinct clusters within three of the care homes., Conclusions: We found extensive but variable rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection among residents and staff in care homes reporting a single case of COVID-19. Although routine whole-home testing has now been adopted into practice, care homes must remain vigilant and should be encouraged to report a single suspected case, which should trigger appropriate outbreak control measures., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Geriatrics Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2021
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2. Un món interior a conèixer. Estudi i reflexió sobre els efectes en la gestió emocional dels infants en context de pandèmia

Author

Crusellas Perez, Marina, Fernández Ferrer, Maite, and Lluch Molins, Laia

Subjects
suport psicològic, Psicologia pedagògica -- TFM, pandemic, pandemia, inteligencia emocional, COVID-19, intel·ligència emocional, emotional intelligence, Psicología pedagógica -- TFM, pandèmia, apoyo psicológico, psychological support, Educational psychology -- TFM
Abstract

La pandèmia mundial de la COVID-19 ha generat diversos efectes en la salut de la població, sobretot en la salut mental. Però se li ha donat el valor i la importància que realment té per fer front a una situació com aquesta? Articles com els de Stankovska, Memedi i Dimitrovski (2020) i el de Brooks et al. (2020) adverteixen de les conseqüències que un aïllament provoca. Així doncs, aquest estudi mostra els reptes sense precedents a nivell global i sobretot pels sistemes educatius que aquest provoca. A conseqüència d'això, un dels col·lectius més vulnerables en aquesta pandèmia ha set la població infantil. Els resultats d'aquest treball mostren els sentiments i expectatives que ha generat la COVID-19 durant la pandèmia i en quin grau les mesures de seguretat que s'estan aplicant a tota la població estan afectant la gestió emocional dels infants. A més, s'exposa una discussió sobre la importància de reforçar el benestar subjectiu de les persones per aportar estratègies i recursos que previnguin i pal·liïn els possibles efectes negatius en qualsevol context o situació d'emergència. The global pandemic of COVID-19 has had several effects on the health of the population, especially mental health. But have you been given the courage and importance it really has to deal with a situation like this? The articles by Stankovska, Memedi, and Dimitrovski (2020) and that of Brooks et al. (2020) warn of the consequences that isolation causes. In addition, this study shows the unprecedented challenges globally and especially for the education systems it causes. As a result, one of the most vulnerable groups in this pandemic has been the child population. The results of this work show the feelings and expectations generated by COVID-19 during the pandemic and the extent to which safety measures being applied to the entire population are affecting children's emotional management. In addition, a discussion is held on the importance of strengthening subjective well-being of people in order to provide strategies and resources that prevent and mitigate possible negative effects in any context or emergency situation. La pandemia mundial de la Covidien-19 ha generado diversos efectos en la salud de la población, sobre todo en la salud mental. Pero se le ha dado el valor y la importancia que realmente tiene para hacer frente a una situación como ésta? Artículos como los de Stankovska, MEMED y Dimitrovski (2020) y el de Brooks et al. (2020) advierten de las consecuencias que un aislamiento provoca. Así pues, este estudio muestra los retos sin precedentes a nivel global y sobre todo por los sistemas educativos que éste provoca. A consecuencia de ello, uno de los colectivos más vulnerables en esta pandemia ha sido la población infantil. Los resultados de este trabajo muestran los sentimientos y expectativas que ha generado la Covidien-19 durante la pandemia y en qué grado las medidas de seguridad que se están aplicando a toda la población están afectando la gestión emocional de los niños. Además, se expone una discusión sobre la importancia de reforzar el bienestar subjetivo de las personas para aportar estrategias y recursos que prevengan y palien los posibles efectos negativos en cualquier contexto o situación de emergencia.

Published
2021

3. Single-dose BNT162b2 vaccine protects against asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection

Author

Jones, Nick K, Rivett, Lucy, Seaman, Shaun, Samworth, Richard J, Warne, Ben, Workman, Chris, Ferris, Mark, Wright, Jo, Quinnell, Natalie, Shaw, Ashley, Cambridge COVID-19 Collaboration, Goodfellow, Ian G, Lehner, Paul J, Howes, Rob, Wright, Giles, Matheson, Nicholas J, Weekes, Michael P, Amory, Amy, Baker, Stephen, Bateman, Emma, Begum, Aklima, Begum, Moushima, Bradley, John, Brennan, Michael, Burn, Helen, Crofts, Caroline, Chaudhry, Afzal, Chaudhry, Yasmin, Cooper, Daniel J, Dawson, Sharon, Dougan, Gordon, Feather, Renny, Free, Louise, Friel, Katie, Gildea, Claire, Georgana, Iliana, Grimwade, Lizz, Gupta, Ravi, Hall, Susan, Hannan, Sophie, Hayes, James, Hosaja, Aleksandra, Hosmillo, Myra, Izuagbe, Rhys, Jahun, Aminu, James, Lidia, Jardin, Jill, Kingston, Nathalie, Lear, Sara, Lyons, Paul A, Maxwell, Patrick H, Mott, Sue, Mugavin, Sarah, Mwiya, Joyce, Peacock, Sharon, Nallattil, Ravi Prakash, Oloyede, Kazeem, Ouwehand, Willem H, Page, Elle, Perez, Marina, Raine, Tim, Routledge, Matthew, Saunders, Caroline, Smith, Kenneth GC, Sparkes, Dominic, Stafford, Maria, Summers, Charlotte, Tatsi, Despiona, Thaventhiran, James ED, Thomas Johnson, Sharon, Török, M Estée, Toshner, Mark, Turner, Lesley, Wall, Kate, Watson, Karis, Jones, Nick K [0000-0003-4475-7761], Rivett, Lucy [0000-0002-2781-9345], Goodfellow, Ian G [0000-0002-9483-510X], Lehner, Paul J [0000-0001-9383-1054], Matheson, Nicholas J [0000-0002-3318-1851], Weekes, Michael P [0000-0003-3196-5545], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Epidemiology and Global Health, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, asymptomatic, BNT162b2, Pfizer-BioNTech, Research Advance, vaccination, Human
Abstract

The BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) is being utilised internationally for mass COVID-19 vaccination. Evidence of single-dose protection against symptomatic disease has encouraged some countries to opt for delayed booster doses of BNT162b2, but the effect of this strategy on rates of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unknown. We previously demonstrated frequent pauci- and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection amongst healthcare workers (HCWs) during the UK’s first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, using a comprehensive PCR-based HCW screening programme (Rivett et al., 2020; Jones et al., 2020). Here, we evaluate the effect of first-dose BNT162b2 vaccination on test positivity rates and find a fourfold reduction in asymptomatic infection amongst HCWs ≥12 days post-vaccination. These data provide real-world evidence of short-term protection against asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection following a single dose of BNT162b2 vaccine, suggesting that mass first-dose vaccination will reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission, as well as the burden of COVID-19 disease.

Published
2021
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4. Increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in staff working across different care homes: enhanced CoVID-19 outbreak investigations in London care Homes.

Author

Ladhani, Shamez N, Chow, J. Yimmy, Janarthanan, Roshni, Fok, Jonathan, Crawley-Boevey, Emma, Vusirikala, Amoolya, Fernandez, Elena, Perez, Marina Sanchez, Tang, Suzanne, Dun-Campbell, Kate, Wynne-Evans, Edward, Bell, Anita, Patel, Bharat, Amin-Chowdhury, Zahin, Aiano, Felicity, Paranthaman, Karthik, Ma, Thomas, Saavedra-Campos, Maria, Myers, Richard, and Ellis, Joanna

Abstract

Background: Care homes have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and continue to suffer large outbreaks even when community infection rates are declining, thus representing important pockets of transmission. We assessed occupational risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection among staff in six care homes experiencing a COVID-19 outbreak during the peak of the pandemic in London, England.Methods: Care home staff were tested for SARS-COV-2 infection by RT-PCR and asked to report any symptoms, their contact with residents and if they worked in different care homes. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on RT-PCR positive samples.Results: In total, 53 (21%) of 254 staff were SARS-CoV-2 positive but only 12/53 (23%) were symptomatic. Among staff working in a single care home, SARS-CoV-2 positivity was 15% (2/13), 16% (7/45) and 18% (30/169) in those reporting no, occasional and regular contact with residents. In contrast, staff working across different care homes (14/27, 52%) had a 3.0-fold (95% CI, 1.9-4.8; P<0.001) higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 positivity than staff working in single care homes (39/227, 17%). WGS identified SARS-CoV-2 clusters involving staff only, including some that included staff working across different care homes.Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 positivity was significantly higher among staff working across different care homes than those who were working in the same care home. We found local clusters of SARS-CoV-2 infection between staff only, including those with minimal resident contact. Infection control should be extended for all contact, including those between staff, whilst on care home premises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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