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Obiective. Acest studiu și-a propus să efectueze o revizuire sistematică a literaturii existente pentru a evalua efectele COVID-19 la femeile însărcinate și la nou-născuții acestora, estimând, în același timp, posibilitatea transmiterii verticale. Materiale şi metode. Am efectuat o cercetare sistematică a literaturii folosind Pubmed și Google Scholar, acoperind perioada decembrie 2019-noiembrie 2020. Revizuirea a fost efectuată în conformitate cu ghidurile PRISMA. Rezultate. Am inclus 16 studii - recenzii sistematice și metaanalize publicate între mai 2020 și noiembrie 2020 - care s-au concentrat pe rezultatele perinatale ale femeilor însărcinate cu COVID-19 și 7 prezentări de cazuri ale nou-născuților cu transmitere verticală a COVID-19. În general, rata cazurilor de COVID-19 la nou-născuții din mame COVID-19 pozitive a fost de 3% cu CI 95% [1,86, 4,24]). Rata nașterii premature a fost de 16,4%, cu CI 95% [10,5, 22,3], iar rata mortalității și a deceselor fetale a fost de 1,4% (11 studii, 0 până la 4,8%). Dintre cei 7 nou-născuți cu transmitere verticală dovedită, majoritatea s-au născut prematuri, cu greutate bună la naștere și scor APGAR, iar manifestările clinice au fost heterogene; 4 au dezvoltat simptome severe. Evoluțiile atât pentru mamă, cât și pentru nou-născuţi au fost bune în 85% dintre cazuri. Concluzii. În ceea ce privește rata prematurității și rata mortalității la femeile cu COVID-19, rezultatul este similar cu populația generală. Transmiterea verticală este posibilă și pare să aibă loc în aproximativ 3% dintre cazuri. Prognosticul matern și perinatal este favorabil, iar prezentarea clinică a transmiterii în uter a SARS-CoV-2 la nou-născuți este heterogenă. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. This study aimed to perform a systematic review of existing literature to assess the outcomes of pregnancy in women with COVID-19 infection and their newborns while estimating the possibility of vertical transmission. Materials and methods. We conducted a systematic literature research using Pubmed and Google Scholar covering the period from December 2019 to 20th of November 2020. The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Outcomes. We included 16 studies - systematic reviews and meta-analyses published between May 2020 and November 2020 - which focused on perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 and 7 case reports of neonates with congenital transmission of COVID-19. Overall, the rate of COVID-19 cases in neonates of COVID-19 positive mothers was 3% with 95% CI [1.86, 4.24]). The preterm birth rate was 16.4% with 95% CI [10.5, 22.3] and the rate of stillbirths and foetal deaths was 1.4% (11 studies, 0 to 4.8%). From the 7 newborns with proved vertical transmission, majority were born preterm, with good birth weight and APGAR score and heterogenous symptoms; 4 developed severe symptoms. Overall progress and evolution for both mother and newborn was good. Conclusions. COVID-19 impact on pregnancy outcome is similar to general population in regard to preterm rate and stillbirth rate. Vertical transmission is possible and it seems to occur in about 3% of cases. Overall maternal and perinatal outcome is favourable and clinical presentation of in utero transmission of SARSCoV-2 in newborns is heterogenous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this review is to carry out an overall evaluation of the scientific literature on the selection of the best candidate as an animal translation model. We used the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science Core Collection and medRxiv/BioRxiv (preprint materials) databases for original research published in English to September 2020. Review research was conducted in accordance with the preferred reporting elements for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA). The inclusion criteria were: establishing animal models (mouse, ferret, dog, cat, primates, etc.) for SARSCoV-2, prophylaxis, therapy and vaccines. The exclusion criteria were: books, guidelines and protocols, population genetics. This review highlights the distinct advantages and limitations of each animal model, which should be taken into account in the design of studies, the interpretation of pathogenic mechanisms or extrapolation of the results of therapy or vaccines in humans. In order to generate results that are consistent, reproducible and comparable between studies, it is necessary to harmonize the protocols for experimentation on animal models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was declared a pandemic by the World Health organization in early March 2020. The disease typically presents with viral respiratory symptoms that could progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Emerging evidence suggests different possible dermatologic manifestations of COVID-19, including: acral lesions (pernio-like, pseudo-chillblain), vesicular eruptions, macular and papular exanthema, urticaria, livedoid, purpuric and petechial rashes. However, specific skin manifestations of the COVID-19 disease have not yet been clearly established and the relationship between the appearance of skin lesions and SARS-CoV-2 infection is still unclear. These highly variable skin changes could represent a direct consequence of the viral infection, an immunological response to viral nucleotides, adverse reactions to drugs frequently used for the treatment of COVID-19, or other disorders. In a global effort to comprehend the exact cutaneous features of COVID-19, several international dermatological societies have initiated nationwide studies to analyze COVID-19 cutaneous manifestations during this pandemic. This paper represents a literature review of the scientific data available on the clinical characteristics and symptoms of the cutaneous manifestations associated with COVID-19. Such findings are extremely useful in establishing if dermatological manifestations in COVID-19 patients could harbor a diagnostic significance and subsequently be used as prognostic factors for outcomes of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main concerns of the medical community during the COVID-19 pandemic has been the management of the immunosuppression accompanying the disease, particularly in ICU (Intensive Care Unit) patients. More recently, the focus has shifted towards the management of the persistent immunosuppression post-acute COVID-19 and its complications. The rate of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) had been declining before the pandemic, but has since started to increase once more. Due to multiple factors - unnecessary antibiotherapy, disorganized medical facilities, inadequate personal protection equipment etc. - there have been increasing reports of coinfections and secondary infections with multidrug-resistant bacteria in COVID-19 patients. We present a case report of a patient with no history of clinically overt immunosuppression before developing critical SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. The patient had no need for antibiotic treatment during his hospitalization and was discharged in a stable state, being consequently readmitted multiple times for different healthcare-associated multidrug-resistant infections, over time developing other hospital-related complications. The case raises a discussion about the bidirectional relationship between post-COVID immunosuppression and the possible inadvertent excess in antibiotic therapy that has accompanied the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the identification of a vaccine has become vital for stopping the pandemic. The consortium formed by the OncoGen Center and the Cantacuzino Institute (CI) evaluates a candidate vaccine whose vaccine component is represented by a combination of peptides specifically recognized by the 2 components of the adaptative immune system. Each new vaccine must undergo mandatory tests, even if they are currently accelerated or overlapping, with the consent of the European Medicines Agency (EMA). One of the tests relates to repeated dose toxicity. The aim was to setup a protocol for repeated dose toxicity testing in rats, the results of which would allow the transition to the clinical phase I dossier. The protocol was designed based on EMA guidelines for vaccine safety testing and rat-human translation. The proposed human dose, route of administration and repeat administration were taken into account. Clinical signs, immunological and biochemical parameters will be analysed. Histological examination will be performed on 34 organs. The protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the CI and authorized by the competent authority. In order to evaluate the repeated dose toxicity of a vaccine candidate against COVID-19, we propose a robust, replicable, effective and translational study protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]