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In the UK, minority ethnic groups were reported to face the greatest risk from COVID-19. Yet, little is known about their perception and behaviour towards COVID-19 campaigns. This study used 35 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with minority ethnic adults aged 60 or over in England and Wales to explore their motivations for complying with or disregarding official guidance and their evaluations of various campaign content and channels used early in the pandemic. Using Template Analysis, key themes in the interviewees' discourse were identified, which were subsequently analysed using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). This study found that the predominant motivations for non-compliant behaviour included fatigue from information overload, government- and socially-induced distrust, as well as self-reported personality traits. In contrast, compliant individuals emphasised community-based obligations and their trust in official communications. Although participants recognised the pandemic as a challenging time, they were generally unsatisfied with the credibility, consistency, and accessibility of public health messaging. This investigation contributes to health communications studies by adopting a qualitative approach and providing insights into an under-researched demographic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The waste produced swings regardless of individual consumption patterns and social norm variations. People have been required to adapt their everyday dynamics due to the current context imposed by the Covid-19 outbreak. These adaptations in tradition have undoubtedly impacted the environment regarding waste generation and management. Hence, reducing the environmental harm of residential waste through waste segregation and handling is a practical approach. This work used a quantitative method and constructed a research instrument to investigate (398 participants) the determinants influencing Cambodian waste separating intentions and behaviours using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) during the Covid-19 pandemic. The data was collected and analysed using PLS-SEM. The findings suggested that attitudes, social norms, and moral norms significantly impacted the intention to engage in waste separation and, hence, waste separation behaviour. In addition, the intention construct was found to be the most significant determinant of Cambodian social explicit waste sorting behaviour, suggesting that enhancing the intention of waste separation practice substantially affects waste separation behaviour.

Based on the factors of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), the Health Belief Model (HBM), and the DOSPERT scale, used to measure general risk-taking behaviour, a combined model has been developed for investigating tourists' intentions to implement protective measures against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of the study is to formulate a model that Swiss tourism practitioners can use to understand tourists' decision-making regarding the acceptance and proper implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). A large-scale cross-sectional population study that is representative for the Swiss population has been designed to validate the model (N = 1,683; 39% response rate). In our empirical investigation, a simple regression analysis is used to detect significant factors and their strength. Our empirical findings show that the significant effects can be ordered regarding descending effect size from severity (HBM), attitude (TPB), perceived behavioural control (TPB), subjective norm (TPB), self-efficacy (HBM), and perceived barriers (HBM) to susceptibility (HBM). Based on this information, intervention strategies and corresponding protective measures were linked to the socialpsychological factors based on an expert workshop. Low-cost interventions for tourists (less time, less money, and more comfort), such as the free provision of accessories (free mask and sanitizers) or free testing (at cable cars), can increase the perceived behavioural control and lower the perceived barriers and thus increase the acceptance of this protective measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the factors of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), the Health Belief Model (HBM), and the DOSPERT scale, used to measure general risk-taking behaviour, a combined model has been developed for investigating tourists’ intentions to implement protective measures against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of the study is to formulate a model that Swiss tourism practitioners can use to understand tourists’ decision-making regarding the acceptance and proper implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). A large-scale cross-sectional population study that is representative for the Swiss population has been designed to validate the model (N = 1,683; 39% response rate). In our empirical investigation, a simple regression analysis is used to detect significant factors and their strength. Our empirical findings show that the significant effects can be ordered regarding descending effect size from severity (HBM), attitude (TPB), perceived behavioural control (TPB), subjective norm (TPB), self-efficacy (HBM), and perceived barriers (HBM) to susceptibility (HBM). Based on this information, intervention strategies and corresponding protective measures were linked to the social-psychological factors based on an expert workshop. Low-cost interventions for tourists (less time, less money, and more comfort), such as the free provision of accessories (free mask and sanitizers) or free testing (at cable cars), can increase the perceived behavioural control and lower the perceived barriers and thus increase the acceptance of this protective measure.

This paper investigates the COVID-19 pandemic, and its impact on pro-environmental behaviour of individuals travelling internationally for leisure and recreational purposes. The aim of this manuscript is to investigate a conceptual framework created through the examination of current existing literature in the field of tourism science. The conceptual framework, consisting of certain constructs of the health belief model (HBM), and the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), is applied and tested using a partial least-squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Data were collected from participants who have travelled internationally before and during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, and those who plan to travel post-COVID-19 pandemic. Results revealed that the conceptual framework tested positively against existing theory, highlighting the key influencing factors in which COVID-19 is likely to have on future pro-environmental behaviour of individuals travelling internationally for leisure and recreational purposes. Moreover, perceived safety threat and outcome expectations have a positive impact on attitude; attitude has a positive impact on behavioural intentions; subjective norm has a positive impact on behavioural intentions, and perceived behavioural control has a positive impact on behavioural intentions. The study results identify practical and theoretical implications for global and travel companies and organisations, presenting opportunities to adjust environmental policies and procedures accordingly, whilst identifying the most effective marketing and management strategies to rebuild a collapsed global travel industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The waste produced swings regardless of individual consumption patterns and social norm variations. People have been required to adapt their everyday dynamics due to the current context imposed by the Covid-19 outbreak. These adaptations in tradition have undoubtedly impacted the environment regarding waste generation and management. Hence, reducing the environmental harm of residential waste through waste segregation and handling is a practical approach. This work used a quantitative method and constructed a research instrument to investigate (398 participants) the determinants influencing Cambodian waste separating intentions and behaviours using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) during the Covid-19 pandemic. The data was collected and analysed using PLS-SEM. The findings suggested that attitudes, social norms, and moral norms significantly impacted the intention to engage in waste separation and, hence, waste separation behaviour. In addition, the intention construct was found to be the most significant determinant of Cambodian social explicit waste sorting behaviour, suggesting that enhancing the intention of waste separation practice substantially affects waste separation behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the COVID-19 pandemic, and its impact on pro-environmental behaviour of individuals travelling internationally for leisure and recreational purposes. The aim of this manuscript is to investigate a conceptual framework created through the examination of current existing literature in the field of tourism science. The conceptual framework, consisting of certain constructs of the health belief model (HBM), and the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), is applied and tested using a partial least-squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Data were collected from participants who have travelled internationally before and during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, and those who plan to travel post-COVID-19 pandemic. Results revealed that the conceptual framework tested positively against existing theory, highlighting the key influencing factors in which COVID-19 is likely to have on future pro-environmental behaviour of individuals travelling internationally for leisure and recreational purposes. Moreover, perceived safety threat and outcome expectations have a positive impact on attitude; attitude has a positive impact on behavioural intentions; subjective norm has a positive impact on behavioural intentions, and perceived behavioural control has a positive impact on behavioural intentions. The study results identify practical and theoretical implications for global and travel companies and organisations, presenting opportunities to adjust environmental policies and procedures accordingly, whilst identifying the most effective marketing and management strategies to rebuild a collapsed global travel industry.

The subjective perception of the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its potential consequences may influence human behaviour, including the willingness to travel. The aim of the paper is to explain the relationships between (variables): (a) perception of selected risk factors related to coronavirus pandemic, (b) being vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 and (c) the intention to travel during coronavirus pandemic analysed in the context of The Protection Motivation Theory and Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behaviour. The authors of this paper tried to clarify the perception of epidemic threats by vaccinated and unvaccinated people and explain how it may influence their willingness to travel. The analyses were based on the literature study and results of the survey carried out in June 2021 on a sample of 1615 residents of Gdańsk. Our research has revealed that the vaccinated people have greater concerns about the coronavirus epidemic than the unvaccinated people, especially in terms of the likelihood of life-threatening course of the disease, or the probability of infecting the family members. In turn, the unvaccinated are less concerned about coronavirus and for that reason they feel more affected by introduced restrictions. Also, they expressed the willingness to travel more frequently than the vaccinated. So being or not being vaccinated is an important segmentation variable in the process of creating tourist offers during the period of the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]