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The world experienced the outbreak of a new pandemic disease in 2019, known as coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The respiratory system is the organ system most commonly affected by COVID-19; however, several other organ systems have been reported to be affected. The SARS-CoV-2 RNA found in infected stub samples can cause lung contagion by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor of the alveolar epithelial cells. The gut microbiota (GM) promote immunity, indicating that the alignment of the microbiota and corresponding metabolic processes in COVID-19 can help to identify novel biomarkers and new therapeutic targets for this disease. The cause of kidney damage in COVID-19 patients is possibly multifactorial, involving a complex mechanism that involves complement dysregulation and thrombotic microangiopathy, as well as the occurrence of a "cytokine storm" syndrome, which are immune responses that are abandoned and dysfunctional with unfavorable prognosis in severe COVID-19 cases. Furthermore, COVID-19 involves a continuous proliferation and activation of macrophages and lymphocytes. SARS-CoV-2 can also bind to the ACE-2 receptor expressed in the cerebral capillary endothelial cells that can invade the blood-brain wall, to penetrate the brain parenchyma. However, in the ongoing pandemic, there has been a surge in studies on a wide range of topics, including causes of respiratory failure, asymptomatic patients, intensive care patients, and survivors. This review briefly describes the damaging effects of COVID-19 on vital human organs and the inhibitory function of the ACE-2 receptor on the GM, which causes gut dysbiosis, and thus, this review discusses topics that have an opportunity for further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sudden health crisis has shut down the entire world for almost a year due to a new virus called Covid-19 and thus the WHO has declared the COVID-19 as a pandemic disease. As vaccines stimulate the immune system to fight against future infections, thereby conferring immunity, so far, vaccine development in a race throughout the world. Therefore, disseminating the overview of the vaccine development at present with their critical situation for COVID-19 is the aim of this review. The world is looking eagerly for a potential vaccine candidate that can save every life. Here, we reported the overview of the possible types of vaccines against Covid-19 as well as a glimpse of vaccine race with different phases of clinical trial data, comparison of the rate of success of phase-III clinical trials and their safety, and drawbacks with the present status. We have studied literature from clinical trial data of respective vaccine candidates published in the journals and collected data from databases dedicated to corona vaccine and the vaccine company's website to enrich our review and aiming to focus on clinical trial data stages, how consequences it faces, and how to position it belongs towards a successful vaccine candidate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]