Search

The spread of COVID-19, an unprecedented health shock to the world in 2020–21, led to an economic shock globally. To contain its spread, the majority of the countries introduced containment measures such as lockdowns, social distancing and quarantines. It resulted in the shutting down of many industrial establishments, a reduction in economic activities and restrictions on people's movement. The contraction in gross domestic product (GDP) and trade flow resulted in a reduction in employment and income. The recovery of output and employment varied across sectors and countries. The present endeavour aimed to understand the impact of COVID-19 on sectoral employment in India using secondary data primarily from the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), the Government of India and the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) Economic Outlook. Our findings indicate that the impact of COVID-19 varies across regions, occupations and sectors. It affected employment differently across occupations in rural and urban areas. Among sectors, manufacturing, and real estate and construction, services were affected very badly. The rate of recovery was comparatively low in manufacturing, real estate and construction. All sectors indicate a V-shaped recovery for employment and output except the manufacturing sector indicating an L-shaped recovery for employment while a V-shaped recovery for output. In general, employment elasticities have declined across sectors, except for the agriculture sector, in the post-pandemic period. Given the reduction in the employment elasticities across sectors after the pandemic, it may be suggested to focus on new entrepreneurial activities, particularly in the labour-intensive sectors, and skill development programmes for enhancing employment opportunities in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a huge and transformational change in the E-learning sector after the growth in internet in India and Covid 19 pandemic. The number of E-learning websites and platforms for the media students have increased manifold. Although India is one of the leading countries which is concentrating on developing its online education system, yet in some parts of India imparting education through e-learning still seems to be an insurmountable task. This study aims to identify the key barriers hindering adoption of e-learning among media students in India to analyze the inter-contextual relationships among them. For this, initially an extensive review of literature has been done followed by in-depth interviews of 30 media academicians, e-learning experts and media professionals to identify the key barriers. Finally, Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) has been applied to represent the key barriers in a hierarchical paradigm showing contextual interrelationships among them. Results represent 12 major barriers evolved from the literature review and the interviews for which a hierarchical paradigm was developed showing contextual interrelationships among key barriers at different five levels. The results solicit value to researchers, academicians and practitioners by revealing valuable insights related to key barriers hindering the adoption of e-learning among Media students in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]