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The aim of this study is to achieve a comparative analysis of the cow livestock number, production of milk and of main dairy products in Romania and European Union. The work is an extensive bibliographic documentation with the application of statistical tests for the period 2017-2021. At European Union level the herd of dairy cows is in decreasing with 5.63% and in Romania with 7.95%, from 1175.4 thousand heads in 2017 to 1081.9 thousand heads in 2021. The largest amount of raw milk available on the farm in 2021 belongs to Germany which records 32531.56 thousand tons, approx. 21% of the total quantity at EU level. In 2021 compared with 2017, the Europeans consumed with 3.91% less fresh dairy products and with approx. 5% more cheese. In the future, will be exploit more productive animals, making cow rearing a part of solutions in food crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this scientific paper, the productive performances of beef cattle belonging to the Aberdeen Angus and Charolaise breeds from 6 farms in Neamț County were analyzed, studying the following indicators: birth weight (kg), body weight (kg), and average daily gain (g) at the age of 200 days (kg), and also 365 days (kg). The data on average values and variability of meat production indices show that the highest performances were 42.33 kg at birth, 246.29 kg and the average daily increase of 1030.71 grams per 200 days, and 433.69 kg with the average daily increase of 1074.33 kg, at the age of 365 days. On the last place was farm 1, which registered an average weight at birth of 30.70 kg, at 200 days this indicator was 188.59 kg, and the average daily gain was 786.20 grams; at 365 days the average weight was 320.84 kg and the average weight was 793.11 kg. Farm 1 raises the Aberdeen Angus breed, and farm 5 raises the Charolaise breed, which has better results due to the constant care of the breeder to improve the genetic material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the quality of milk production was analyzed in dairy cattle herds from 7 farms in Neamț County. For this, data from accredited associations were used to perform their own performance control (CPP), respectively the Association of Animal Breeders "Operator IA" Neamț, the Association of Cattle Breeders from Mureș County, as well as the date from the Genealogical Register. The quality of milk was assessed according to the seven specific indicators, as follows: somatic cell number (NCS), fat percentage (G%), protein percentage (P%), lactose proportion (L%), proportion of urea (U%), proportion of casein (C%) and the pH of the milk.The average daily milk production produced by the cows on these farms was also calculated (kg/head/day). The breeds raised on these farms are:Bălțată cu Negru Românească (BNR), Holstein, Brună de Maramureș and Bălțată Românească (BR). The best results of milk quality were obtained in Brună de Maramureș cows from farm 5 or Secuieni Neamț Agricultural Research and Development Station, the average values of the specific indicators on milk quality were as follows: NCS thousand / ml - 157.64, fat (%) -4.64, protein (%) - 3.73, lactose (%) -4.84, urea (%)-23.37casein (%) -28.78, pH - 6.60. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results obtained with reference to: average age at first calving (AFC), calving interval (CI), service period (SP) and mammary repose (RM). They were studied 3 farms with populations of cows of the breeds: Holstein and Spotted with Romanian Black (BNR). The studied reproduction indicators recorded the following average values: in the farm "Î.I. Dascălu Sînzîiana", in the Holstein breed, AFC - was 31.03 months, SP - 89.24 days, RM - 55.82 days and CI - 458.27 days, in the farm "Nacu Gheorghe" in the Holstein breed, AFC- was 25.72 months, SP - 87.96 days, RM - 57.58 days and CI - 459.51 days, and in the Spotted Romanian Black breed, AFC - was 27.54 months, SP - 97.22 days, RM - 56.92 days and CI - 401.64 days. The best results regarding the breeding activity were obtained in the farm "Î.I. Râtan Gheorghe", in Spotted with Romanian Black cattle, where AFC - was 27.52 months, SP - 80.04 days, RM -59.43 days, and CI - 393 days. From the analysis of the obtained data, it is revealed the need to reduce the service period, in the farms "Î.I Dascălu Sînzîiana" and "Nacu Gheorghe", at the optimal level of 80 days, because it is the only way to improve the reproduction indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we analyzed the milk production indices, for normal lactation (305 days), on the first two lactations of Spotted Romanian cattle breed in two farms in Neamț County. To aim this, we used data from the Association of Cattle Breeders from Mureș County accredited for performing our own performance control (CPP) as well as data from the Genealogical Register. For the analysis of the productive performances, statistical processing of the primary data regarding the average value and the variability of the milk production indices for 4 characters was carried out, as follows: length of normal lactation (days), quantity of milk per normal lactation (kg), percentage of fat, and percentage of milk protein. The studied farms were coded with Arabic numerals: darm 1- I.I Ciucalău Aurelia Vasilica, and farm 2 - P.F.A. Pintea Ionela. The best productive performances were registered in farm 1, where the average milk production for the first lactation was 5967.80 kg, the average value of the fat percent was 4.08%, and the average value of the protein percent was 3.26%. At the second lactation, the average milk production was 5012.89 kg, the average value of the fat percent was 4.05%, and the average value of the protein percent was 3.31%. In the first lactation the average milk production per normal lactation was 5967.80 kg, but it decreased in the second lactation to 5012.89 kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sura de Stepa breed, which is on the verge of extinction, has been included in a preservation programme for animal genetic resources (H.G. nr. 822/2008), being raised in a reduced nucleus at S.C.D.C.B. - Dancu, Iasi. Researches were carried out on a number of 30 Sura de Stepa cows, focused on: milk production indicators by successive lactations, genetic determinism at the studied characters and at main lacto-proteins systems, the improvement value of breeding. The quantity of milk per normal lactation at Sura de Stepa population from S.C.D.C.B. - Dancu Iasi, has an upward evolution from 1589.64 kg in the first lactation to 2535.43 kg in the fifth lactation which is also the maximum one. First lactation represents 62.69% from maximum lactation, a value which highlighting the tardiness of Sura de Stepa breed in terms of milk production. Heritability analysis of the studied indicators show medium values for the quantity of milk and fat respectively a hereditary influence greater than h2 = 0.71% for percentage of milk fat and h2 = 0.57% for kappa-casein (K-cz) from milk. Lacto-proteins systems, beta-lacto globulin (β-lg), betacasein (β-cz), alpha-casein S1 (αS1-cz), have a low to intermediate heritability (0.19 to 0.29%) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]