13 results on '"Chaumette, Eric"'
Search Results
2. Non-Binary PRN-Chirp Modulation: A GNSS Fast Acquisition Signal Waveform.
- Author
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Ortega, Lorenzo, Vila-Valls, Jordi, and Chaumette, Eric
- Abstract
In this letter, we propose a new non-binary modulation which allows both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) synchronization and the demodulation of non-binary symbols, without the need of a pilot signal, with the aim to provide a fast first position, velocity and time fix. The waveform is constructed as the product of i) a pseudo-random noise sequence with good auto-correlation and cross-correlation properties, and ii) a chirp spread spectrum family, which allows to demodulate non-binary symbols even if the signal phase is unknown. In order to demodulate the data, a bank of non-coherent matched filters is proposed. Because of the particular modulation structure, the receiver is capable to demodulate the navigation message faster while allowing the basic GNSS signal processing functionalities. Illustrative results are provided to support the discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Meta-Signals
- Author
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Das, Priyanka, Ortega, Lorenzo, Vilà-Valls, Jordi, Vincent, François, Chaumette, Eric, and Davain, Loïc
- Subjects
code-based positioning ,GNSS ,GPS/Galileo signals ,Galileo meta-signals ,Cramér–Rao bound ,time-delay estimation ,maximum likelihood estimation ,precise positioning - Abstract
This contribution analyzes the fundamental performance limits of traditional two-step Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver architectures, which are directly linked to the achievable time-delay estimation performance. In turn, this is related to the GNSS baseband signal resolution, i.e., bandwidth, modulation, autocorrelation function, and the receiver sampling rate. To provide a comprehensive analysis of standard point positioning techniques, we consider the different GPS and Galileo signals available, as well as the signal combinations arising in the so-called GNSS meta-signal paradigm. The goal is to determine: (i) the ultimate achievable performance of GNSS code-based positioning systems, and (ii) whether we can obtain a GNSS code-only precise positioning solution and under which conditions. In this article, we provide clear answers to such fundamental questions, leveraging on the analysis of the Cramé, r&ndash, Rao bound (CRB) and the corresponding Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE). To determine such performance limits, we assume no external ionospheric, tropospheric, orbital, clock, or multipath-induced errors. The time-delay CRB and the corresponding MLE are obtained for the GPS L1 C/A, L1C, and L5 signals, the Galileo E1 OS, E6B, E5b-I, and E5 signals, and the Galileo E5b-E6 and E5a-E6 meta-signals. The results show that AltBOC-type signals (Galileo E5 and meta-signals) can be used for code-based precise positioning, being a promising real-time alternative to carrier phase-based techniques.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. On the Impact and Mitigation of Signal Crosstalk in Ground-Based and Low Altitude Airborne GNSS-R.
- Author
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Lubeigt, Corentin, Ortega, Lorenzo, Vilà-Valls, Jordi, Lestarquit, Laurent, Chaumette, Eric, and Pia, Addabbo
- Subjects
GLOBAL Positioning System ,ALTITUDES ,SIGNAL-to-noise ratio - Abstract
Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) is a powerful way to retrieve information from a reflecting surface by exploiting GNSS as signals of opportunity. In dual antenna conventional GNSS-R architectures, the reflected signal is correlated with a clean replica to obtain the specular reflection point delay and Doppler estimates, which are further processed to obtain the GNSS-R product of interest. An important problem that may appear for low elevation satellites is signal crosstalk, that is the direct line-of-sight signal leaks into the antenna dedicated to the reflected signal. Such crosstalk may degrade the overall system performance if both signals are very close in time, similar to multipath in standard GNSS receivers, the reason why mitigation strategies must be accounted for. In this article: (i) we first provide a geometrical analysis to justify that the estimation performance is only affected for low height receivers; (ii) then, we analyze the impact of crosstalk if not taken into account, by comparing the single source conditional maximum likelihood estimator (CMLE) performance in a dual source context with the corresponding Cramér–Rao bound (CRB); (iii) we discuss dual source estimators as a possible mitigation strategy; and (iv) we investigate the performance of the so-called variance estimator, which is designed to eliminate the coherent signal part, compared to both the CRB and non-coherent dual source estimators. Simulation results are provided for representative GNSS signals to support the discussion. From this analysis, it is found that: (i) for low enough reflected-to-direct signal amplitude ratios (RDR), the crosstalk has no impact on standard single source CMLEs; (ii) for high enough signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), the dual source estimators are efficient irrespective of the RDR, then being a promising solution for any reflected signal scenario; (iii) non-coherent dual source estimators are also efficient at high SNR; and (iv) the variance estimator is efficient as long as the non-coherent part of the signal is dominant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Joint Delay-Doppler Estimation Performance in a Dual Source Context.
- Author
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Lubeigt, Corentin, Ortega, Lorenzo, Vilà-Valls, Jordi, Lestarquit, Laurent, and Chaumette, Eric
- Subjects
TIME delay estimation ,GLOBAL Positioning System ,DOPPLER effect ,REMOTE sensing ,GEOMETRIC surfaces - Abstract
Evaluating the time-delay, Doppler effect and carrier phase of a received signal is a challenging estimation problem that was addressed in a large variety of remote sensing applications. This problem becomes more difficult and less understood when the signal is reflected off one or multiple surfaces and interferes with itself at the receiver stage. This phenomenon might deteriorate the overall system performance, as for the multipath effect in Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), and mitigation strategies must be accounted for. In other applications such as GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R) it may be interesting to estimate the parameters of the reflected signal to deduce the geometry and the surface characteristics. In either case, a better understanding of this estimation problem is directly brought by the corresponding lower performance bounds. In the high signal-to-noise ratio regime of the Gaussian conditional signal model, the Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) provides an accurate lower bound in the mean square error sense. In this article, we derive a new compact CRB expression for the joint time-delay and Doppler estimation in a dual source context, considering a band-limited signal and its specular reflection. These compact CRBs are expressed in terms of the baseband signal samples, making them especially easy to use whatever the baseband signal considered, therefore being valid for a variety of remote sensors. This extends existing results in the single source context and opens the door to a plethora of usages to be discussed in the article. The proposed CRB expressions are validated in two representative navigation and radar examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. A New Compact Delay, Doppler Stretch and Phase Estimation CRB with a Band-Limited Signal for Generic Remote Sensing Applications.
- Author
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Das, Priyanka, Vilà-Valls, Jordi, Vincent, François, Davain, Loïc, and Chaumette, Eric
- Subjects
REMOTE sensing ,DOPPLER effect ,TAYLOR'S series ,SIGNAL-to-noise ratio ,SIGNAL sampling - Abstract
Since time-delay, Doppler effect and phase estimation are fundamental tasks in a plethora of engineering fields, tractable lower performance bounds for this problem are key tools of broad interest for a large variety of remote sensing applications. In the large sample regime and/or the high signal-to-noise ratio regime of the Gaussian conditional signal model, the Cramér–Rao bound (CRB) provides an accurate lower bound in the mean square error sense. In this contribution, we introduce firstly a new compact CRB expression for the joint time-delay and Doppler stretch estimation, considering a generic delayed and dilated band-limited signal. This generalizes known results for both wideband signals and the standard narrowband signal model where the Doppler effect on the band-limited baseband signal is not considered and amounts to a frequency shift. General compact closed-form CRB expressions for the amplitude and phase are also provided. These compact CRBs are expressed in terms of the baseband signal samples, making them especially easy to use whatever the baseband signal considered, therefore being valid for a variety of remote sensors. The new CRB expressions are validated in a positioning case study, both using synthetic and real data. These results show that the maximum likelihood estimator converges to the CRB at high signal-to-noise ratios, which confirms the exactness of the CRB. The CRB is further validated by comparing the ambiguity function and its 2nd order Taylor expansion where the perfect match also proves its exactness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Positioning Performance Limits of GNSS Meta-Signals and HO-BOC Signals.
- Author
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Ortega, Lorenzo, Medina, Daniel, Vilà-Valls, Jordi, Vincent, François, and Chaumette, Eric
- Subjects
GLOBAL Positioning System ,INTELLIGENT transportation systems ,ORBIT determination ,SCIENTIFIC community - Abstract
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are the main source of position, navigation, and timing (PNT) information and will be a key player in the next-generation intelligent transportation systems and safety-critical applications, but several limitations need to be overcome to meet the stringent performance requirements. One of the open issues is how to provide precise PNT solutions in harsh propagation environments. Under nominal conditions, the former is typically achieved by exploiting carrier phase information through precise positioning techniques, but these methods are very sensitive to the quality of phase observables. Another option that is gaining interest in the scientific community is the use of large bandwidth signals, which allow obtaining a better baseband resolution, and therefore more precise code-based observables. Two options may be considered: (i) high-order binary offset carrier (HO-BOC) modulations or (ii) the concept of GNSS meta-signals. In this contribution, we assess the time-delay and phase maximum likelihood (ML) estimation performance limits of such signals, together with the performance translation into the position domain, considering single point positioning (SPP) and RTK solutions, being an important missing point in the literature. A comprehensive discussion is provided on the estimators' behavior, the corresponding ML threshold regions, the impact of good and bad satellite constellation geometries, and final conclusions on the best candidates, which may lead to precise solutions under harsh conditions. It is found that if the receiver is constrained by the receiver bandwidth, the best choices are the L1-M or E6-Public Regulated Service (PRS) signals. If the receiver is able to operate at 60 MHz, it is recommended to exploit the full-bandwidth Galileo E5 signal. In terms of robustness and performance, if the receiver can operate at 135 MHz, the best choice is to use the GNSS meta-signals E5 + E6 or B2 + B3, which provide the best overall performances regardless of the positioning method used, the satellite constellation geometry, or the propagation conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Performance Limits of GNSS Code-Based Precise Positioning: GPS, Galileo & Meta-Signals.
- Author
-
Das, Priyanka, Ortega, Lorenzo, Vilà-Valls, Jordi, Vincent, François, Chaumette, Eric, and Davain, Loïc
- Subjects
GLOBAL Positioning System ,DYNAMIC positioning systems - Abstract
This contribution analyzes the fundamental performance limits of traditional two-step Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver architectures, which are directly linked to the achievable time-delay estimation performance. In turn, this is related to the GNSS baseband signal resolution, i.e., bandwidth, modulation, autocorrelation function, and the receiver sampling rate. To provide a comprehensive analysis of standard point positioning techniques, we consider the different GPS and Galileo signals available, as well as the signal combinations arising in the so-called GNSS meta-signal paradigm. The goal is to determine: (i) the ultimate achievable performance of GNSS code-based positioning systems; and (ii) whether we can obtain a GNSS code-only precise positioning solution and under which conditions. In this article, we provide clear answers to such fundamental questions, leveraging on the analysis of the Cramér–Rao bound (CRB) and the corresponding Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE). To determine such performance limits, we assume no external ionospheric, tropospheric, orbital, clock, or multipath-induced errors. The time-delay CRB and the corresponding MLE are obtained for the GPS L1 C/A, L1C, and L5 signals; the Galileo E1 OS, E6B, E5b-I, and E5 signals; and the Galileo E5b-E6 and E5a-E6 meta-signals. The results show that AltBOC-type signals (Galileo E5 and meta-signals) can be used for code-based precise positioning, being a promising real-time alternative to carrier phase-based techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Cramér-Rao bound for a mixture of real- and integer-valued parameter vectors and its application to the linear regression model.
- Author
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Medina, Daniel, Vilà-Valls, Jordi, Chaumette, Eric, Vincent, François, and Closas, Pau
- Subjects
- *
ASYMPTOTIC efficiencies , *REGRESSION analysis , *ESTIMATION theory , *INTEGERS , *COVARIANCE matrices , *VECTOR autoregression model , *REAL numbers - Abstract
Performance lower bounds are known to be a fundamental design tool in parametric estimation theory. A plethora of deterministic bounds exist in the literature, ranging from the general Barankin bound to the well-known Cramér-Rao bound (CRB), the latter providing the optimal mean square error performance of locally unbiased estimators. In this contribution, we are interested in the estimation of mixed real- and integer-valued parameter vectors. We propose a closed-form lower bound expression leveraging on the general CRB formulation, being the limiting form of the McAulay-Seidman bound. Such formulation is the key point to take into account integer-valued parameters. As a particular case of the general form, we provide closed-form expressions for the Gaussian observation model. One noteworthy point is the assessment of the asymptotic efficiency of the maximum likelihood estimator for a linear regression model with mixed parameter vectors and known noise covariance matrix, thus complementing the rather rich literature on that topic. A representative carrier-phase based precise positioning example is provided to support the discussion and show the usefulness of the proposed lower bound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Barankin, McAulay–Seidman and Cramér–Rao bounds on matrix Lie groups.
- Author
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Labsir, Samy, Renaux, Alexandre, Vilà-Valls, Jordi, and Chaumette, Eric
- Subjects
- *
LIE groups , *COMPUTER simulation - Abstract
In this article, we first derive a general intrinsic Barankin bound (IBB) for unknown parameters lying on Lie groups (LGs), and its intrinsic McAulay–Seidman bound (IMSB) approximation. Second, the IMSB expression is used to revisit the intrinsic Cramér–Rao bound (ICRB) on LGs. Indeed, an analytic expression of the ICRB, which is a special IMSB case, is obtained from the latter. Finally, closed-form expressions for both IMSB and ICRB are obtained for Euclidean and LG observation models depending on parameters lying in S O (3) and S E (3). The validity of the these IMSB and ICRB expressions, with respect to the intrinsic mean square error, is shown via numerical simulations to support the discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Band-limited impulse response estimation performance.
- Author
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Lubeigt, Corentin, Ortega, Lorenzo, Vilà-Valls, Jordi, and Chaumette, Eric
- Subjects
- *
IMPULSE response , *GLOBAL Positioning System - Abstract
When a signal is strongly distorted by a reflecting surface, the surface can be seen as a filter whose impulse response is convoluted with the incident signal. Depending on the application, it can be useful to estimate this impulse response in order to either compensate or interpret it. When it comes to estimation, a performance lower bound should be computed in order to better understand the performance limits of the observation model at hand. Hence, a first contribution of this work is to provide an easy-to-use closed-form Cramér–Rao bound for the proposed signal model. The validation process of this lower bound raises the problem of the size, generally unknown, of the impulse response to be estimated. A second contribution of this study is then to provide adapted theoretical and practical tools to determine the size of a given impulse response along with its estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Synchronization performance limits of GNSS receivers
- Author
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Das, Priyanka, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace, Chaumette, Eric, and Bonnabel, Silvère
- Subjects
Estimation de Retard-Doppler-Phase ,Maximum Likelihood ,Delay-Doppler-Phase estimation ,Bornes de Cramer-Rao ,Positionnement GNSS ,Cramer-Rao Bound ,Signaux GNSS ,GNSS Synchronisation ,Synchronisation GNSS ,GNSS Positioning ,Maximum de Vraisemblance ,GNSS Signal - Abstract
L'avènement des Système de Positionnement par Satellites, également désigné sous le sigle GNSS, a révolutionné le monde d'aujourd'hui avec des applications diverses, de la localisation à la télédétection. Le principe du GNSS est basé sur la trilatération, qui dépend de l'estimation du retard de propagation et de l'effet Doppler. En effet, la synchronisation retard-Doppler est un sujet de recherche important pour de nombreux domaines, avec des applications pratiques telles que le radar, le sonar, l'ultrason, la télécommunication et la navigation. Or, pour la conception et l'évaluation des techniques d'estimation, il est important de connaître la meilleure performance accessible au sens de l'erreur quadratique moyenne (EQM), ce qui est fourni par le calcul des bornes inférieures (BI) sur l'EQM. Par rapport aux autres BI, les bornes de Cramér-Rao (BCR) sont plus simples à calculer et fournissent une estimation précise de l'EQM de l'estimateur au sens du Maximum de Vraisemblance (EMV) dans la région d'opération asymptotique, sous certaines conditions. Aussi, les architectures des récepteurs GNSS reposent sur des approches d'acquisition et de suivi, effectuée de manière scalaire, qui peuvent être considérées comme des instances particulières de l'EMV. Cependant, malgré une littérature fournie sur les BCR relatives à l'estimation retard-Doppler, la plupart de ces expressions de la BCR sont trop restrictives et ne concernent que le modèle de signal à bande étroite, sans tenir compte de l'impact de l'effet du Doppler sur le signal en bande de base. En effet, une expression analytique de BCR, suffisamment générale et facile à utiliser, pour n'importe quel signal à bande limitée, n'était pas disponible au début de cette thèse. L'objectif principal de la présente thèse porte sur la caractérisation des performances asymptotiques de l'estimation du retard et du Doppler par un EMV cohérent. La première contribution est l'obtention d'une nouvelle expression analytique de la BCR pour l'estimation du retard, en considérant un signal générique à bande limitée et un retard de propagation constant, cette expression offrant de nouvelles possibilités pour la conception d'un signal optimal. Cette expression de la BCR est ensuite utilisée pour caractériser l'estimation conjointe du retard et de la phase du signal. Cette approche est pertinente pour la localisation précise, exploitant la phase de la porteuse, telles que PPP et RTK. Par ailleurs, ces travaux de recherche ont permis de mettre en évidence l'absence d'une analyse complète des performances des signaux GNSS dans la littérature scientifique, d'un point de vue de l'estimation optimale. L'analyse présentée ici vise à combler cette lacune et fournit également les limites de performance du positionnement standard. Pour franchir cette limite, il devient alors nécessaire de recourir aux techniques de positionnement basées sur la phase de la porteuse. Enfin, nous étendons la formulation analytique de la BCR générique pour inclure l'estimation conjointe du retard et du Doppler, d'abord pour les signaux à bande étroite, puis pour leurs homologues à large bande, incluant également l'amplitude et la phase. The advent of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) has revolutionized today's world, with applications in positioning, timing and remote sensing. The principle of GNSS is based on multilateration, which first involves the estimation of both signal propagation time-delay and Doppler effect for each visible satellite. In fact, delay-Doppler synchronization is an active research topic of significant practical importance in many fields, with applications in radar, sonar, ultrasonics, communications and navigation. Now, when designing and assessing estimation techniques, it is of fundamental importance to know the ultimate achievable performance in the mean square error (MSE) sense, information which is brought by the computation of performance lower bounds (LBs) on the MSE. Compared to other LBs, Cramér-Rao Bounds (CRB) are simple to calculate and give an accurate estimation of the MSE of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) in the asymptotic region of operation under certain conditions. Indeed, GNSS receiver architectures rely on a scalar acquisition and tracking approach, which can be seen as particular instances of a MLE solution. However, even if the delay-Doppler CRB literature is abundant, most of these CRB expressions are unnecessarily restrictive and only address the standard narrowband signal model, without considering the impact of the Doppler effect on the baseband signal. Most importantly, a sufficiently generalized and easy-to-use compact CRB for generic band-limited signals is not available, being an important missing point of practical interest. The primary objective of the present thesis is the characterization of the asymptotic performance of GNSS time-delay and Doppler estimation, i.e., synchronization, within a coherent integration time. The first contribution is the derivation of a new compact closed-form CRB expression for time-delay estimation, considering a generic band-limited transmitted signal and constant transmitter-to-receiver propagation delay, completed with insights on an optimal signal design as well as a performance loss metric. This CRB derivation is then extended to include the joint time-delay and phase estimation, which is of interest for standard precise positioning approaches exploiting the carrier phase, such as PPP and RTK. A complimentary problem is then addressed: the lack of a comprehensive performance analysis of GNSS signals in literature, from an optimal estimation point of view. The work further provides the performance thresholds that require a need for carrier phase-based positioning techniques. Finally, we extend the derivation of the generic compact closed-form CRB expression to include the joint time-delay and Doppler stretch estimation, first for narrowband signals and then for their wideband counterpart, followed by the introduction of a general compact closed-form CRB expression for the amplitude and phase. Such results set the theoretical basis for the full GNSS receiver chain characterization.
- Published
- 2021
13. Doppler-aided positioning in GNSS receivers - A performance analysis.
- Author
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Vincent, François, Vilà-Valls, Jordi, Besson, Olivier, Medina, Daniel, and Chaumette, Eric
- Subjects
- *
GLOBAL Positioning System , *DOPPLER effect , *ALGORITHMS , *LEAST squares - Abstract
• GNSS positioning precision derivation. • Use of Doppler information to improve positioning precision. • In harsh environments, Doppler measurements are all the more favourable. The main objective of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) is to precisely locate a receiver based on the reception of radio-frequency waveforms broadcasted by a set of satellites. Given delayed and Doppler shifted replicas of the known transmitted signals, the most widespread approach consists in a two-step algorithm. First, the delays and Doppler shifts from each satellite are estimated independently, and subsequently the user position and velocity are computed as the solution to a Weighted Least Squares (WLS) problem. This second step conventionally uses only delay measurements to determine the user position, although Doppler is also informative. The goal of this paper is to provide simple and meaningful expressions of the positioning precision. These expressions are analysed with respect to the standard WLS algorithms, exploiting the Doppler information or not. We can then evaluate the performance improvement brought by a joint frequency and delay positioning procedure. Numerical simulations assess that using Doppler information is indeed effective when considering long observation times, and particularly useful in challenging scenarios such as urban canyons (constrained satellite visibility) or near indoor situations (weak signal conditions which need long integration times), thus providing new insights for the design of robust and high-sensitivity receivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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