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Background: To determine the association of the retinal capillary plexus (RCP) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) with cognitive impairment using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: A cross-sectional, community-based study utilizing data from the participants enrolled between August 2019 and January 2020 in the Jidong Eye Cohort Study. We assessed the vessel density in RCP and GCC thickness using OCTA, and cognitive testing using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Cognitive impairment in this study was defined as MoCA score < 24. We used multivariable analysis to evaluate the association of RCP and GCC with cognitive impairment after adjusting for confounders. Results: This study analyzed 1555 participants. The mean age of participants was 52.3 (8.4) years, and 861 (55.4%) were women. Cognitive impairment was observed in 268 (17.2%) participants. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for parafovea vessel density in the deep RCP with cognitive impairment was 1.20 (1.03–1.39). For vessel area and length density surrounding foveal avascular zone with cognitive impairment, the ORs with 95% CIs were 1.23 (1.07–1.41) and 1.30 (1.13–1.49), respectively. For thickness in the superior GCC with cognitive impairment, the OR with 95% CI was 1.16 (1.01–1.32). Conclusion: Lower vessel density in the RCP and thinner GCC were associated with cognitive impairment. Our results suggest that alterations in the RCP and GCC could provide further evidence when assessing the cognitive function and may even be potentially useful biomarkers in the detection of cognitive impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Metabolic syndrome (Mets) is prevalent in the general population and has been reported to be an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment. This study aimed to investigate the association of Mets with the risk of cognitive impairment. Methods: We studied 5854 participants from the Jidong community. Cognitive function was assessed by the Mini-Mental State of Examination (MMSE) scale. Mets was diagnosed according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. We used logistic regression analysis to investigate the association of metabolic syndrome with the risk of cognitive impairment. Result: Among the 5854 adults included in the study, the age mean (SD) of age was 44 (13.57) years, and 2916 (50.34%) were male. There was a higher (56.03%) cognitive impairment incidence rate among participants with Mets than among those without Mets. In addition, there was a significant association between Mets and cognitive impairment (OR: 2.39, 95% CI: 2.00–2.86, P < 0.05) after adjusting for potential confounders, including age, gender, education level, marital status, smoking and alcohol consumption status. Regarding the 5 Mets components, abdominal obesity and elevated blood pressure were associated with the risk of Mets (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.09–1.70, P < 0.001; OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.07–1.63, P < 0.05). Moreover, the strongest statistical correlation (adjusted OR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.22–2.83, P < 0.05) was found when the number of Mets components was three. Conclusion: Our study suggested that Mets was associated with cognitive impairment and that abdominal obesity and hypertension were associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: One of most important concerns of postmenopausal women is obesity. The relationships between menstruation status and obesity phenotypes are unclear. This study aimed to assess the associations between menstrual status and different obesity phenotypes in women. Methods: In total, 5373 women aged ≥40 years were recruited from the Jidong and Kailuan communities. Basic information was collected via clinical examination, laboratory testing and standardized questionnaires. The women were stratified into the following three groups: menstrual period, menopausal transition period and postmenopausal period. General obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) of ≥28 kg/m2. Central obesity was defined as a waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) of > 0.85. Visceral obesity was defined as the presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and increased pericardial fat volume (PFV). Results: The numbers of women in the menstrual, menopausal transition, and postmenopausal periods were 2807 (52.2%), 675 (12.6%) and 1891 (35.2%), respectively. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for central obesity among women in the menopausal transition and postmenopausal periods compared with women in the menstrual period were 0.99 (0.82–1.19) and 1.52 (1.26–1.84), respectively. The OR for NAFLD among postmenopausal women was 1.78 (1.44–2.20). The adjusted β-coefficient (standard error, SE) for PFV among postmenopausal women was 41.25 (7.49). The adjusted OR for general obesity among postmenopausal women was 1.01 (0.77–1.34). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that menopause is an independent risk factor for central and visceral obesity but not general obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: The components of ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics have been shown to be associated with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The present study aimed to determine the association between ideal CVH metrics and NAFLD. Methods: A total of 10,511 participants (47.26% men) aged 18 to 92 years were selected from the Jidong and Kailuan communities. Ideal CVH was based on 7 ideal CVH metrics: smoking, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, diet, total cholesterol, blood pressure and fasting blood glucose. NAFLD was determined by abdominal ultrasonography. All participants underwent questionnaire assessments and clinical and laboratory examinations. Logistic regression models were used to analyse the relationship of CVH metrics and the number of ideal CVH metrics with NAFLD. Results: The prevalence rates of NAFLD by CVH summary score quartiles were 64.38% (2,015/3,130), 50.16% (786/1,567), 33.28% (1,194/3,588) and 20.89% (465/2,226). Participants in the highest quartile showed a lower odds ratio (OR) than those in the lowest quartile (fully adjusted OR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.17‐0.20, P < 0.001). Similar results were observed in subjects stratified by sex and age (45 years). The ORs were progressively decreased with an increased number of ideal CVH metrics (all P < 0.001). Conclusions: NAFLD was significantly associated with both the summary score of CVH metrics and the number of ideal CVH metrics. The combined evaluation of ideal CVH may contribute to the prevention of NAFLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]