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Background: The telemanagement model in chronic diseases needs older patients to have a certain level of e-Health literacy. According to Electronic Health Literacy model, factors associated with the e-Health literacy among older patients could be comprehensively investigated from individual, situational, and environmental aspects. Objectives:To investigate the e-Health literacy levels among older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and explore associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among older patients with COPD. The e-Health Literacy Scale was used to measure individuals' e-Health literacy. The multiple linear regression was applied to identify factors associated with e-Health literacy. Results: A total of 230 responses were included in the final analysis. The average score of e-Health literacy for older COPD patients was 24.66 (6.86). After adjusting the model, the results of multiple linear regression demonstrated that aging attitudes (B = 0.067, p < 0.001), technophobia (B = −0.285, p < 0.001), and self-efficacy (B = 0.431, p < 0.001) accounted for 68.3% (p < 0.001) of the total variation in e-Health literacy. Conclusion: This study identifies significant correlations of technophobia, aging attitudes, and self-efficacy, respectively, with e-Health literacy, and self-efficacy and technophobia may be constant predictive factors of e-Health literacy. In the future, intervention research on e-Health literacy should be conducted from a social psychology perspective, with particular emphasis on addressing negative aging attitudes and technophobia. That will promote the tele-management model of chronic diseases. Trial Registration:Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR): ChiCTR1900028563; http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/default.aspx. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To investigate the level of spiritual health in older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from the core dimensions and to explore its associated factors. Design: A cross‐sectional study. Methods: Participants were recruited from four hospitals between September 2020 and June 2021, using a convenience sampling. Older patients with COPD (n = 162) completed the demographic and disease‐related information questionnaires, Function Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Spiritual Scale, 10‐item Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale, General Self‐efficacy Scale, Social Support Rating Scale, COPD Assessment Test, 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale and modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale. Descriptive statistics, Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses, t‐tests, one‐way ANOVA and multiple linear regression models were used. Results: Older patients with COPD have a moderate level of spiritual health. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that psychological resilience, general self‐efficacy, social support, symptom burden and monthly income were associated with the core dimensions of spiritual health. Conclusion: Chinese older patients with COPD have a moderate level of spiritual health. Psychological resilience, general self‐efficacy, social support, monthly income and symptom burden were associated with the core dimensions of spiritual health. Impact: This study is the first to investigate the level of spiritual health in older patients with COPD from the core dimensions and to explore its associated factors, providing a basis for developing spiritual intervention programs. Our findings can help us realize that intervention strategies of psychological resilience, general self‐efficacy and social support can all be used to enhance spiritual health. Nurses should focus on the spiritual health of older COPD patients with high symptom burden and low monthly income. Patient or Public Contribution: Although we did not directly involve patients and the public because of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the results of the study will be disseminated to patients and the public through WeChat and seminars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Life satisfaction (LS) serves as a crucial indicator of social wellbeing and plays a significant role in formulating strategies aimed at enhancing health outcomes among the hearing-disabled population. This study aimed to examine the effect of anxiety, depression, and structural social capital on life satisfaction among people with hearing disabilities in Shanghai, China. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shanghai, China. As of March 2022, 337 people with hearing disabilities were recruited fromthe Shanghai Disabled Persons' Federation. An online survey was conducted using a four-part questionnaire to collect data including demographic characteristics, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Social Capital Scale (SCS), and a single-item question to measure life satisfaction. One-sample t-tests, Pearson's correlation analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were performed. Results: Anxiety (β=- 0.153) and depression (β =- 0.242) were significant factors influencing life satisfaction among people with hearing disabilities. Structural social capital also played an influential role in life satisfaction, and people with hearing disabilities who lack social networks (β = 0.125) and social support (β = 0.121) reported significantly lower levels of life satisfaction. However, no significant relationship was found in this study between LS and other components of structural social capital, such as social participation. Conclusion: This study shows that paying attention to mental health is critical for people with hearing disabilities to achieve social wellbeing and promote LS improvement. At the same time, the government and society also need to focus on the structural social capital, provide various social service programs, enhance social support, and expand social networks, improving LS for people with hearing disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Workplace violence against emergency physicians is a global concern. However, there was relatively little research on the incidence and correlated factors of workplace violence among emergency physicians in China. We aimed to investigate the occurrence and correlated factors of physical and verbal violence among emergency physicians in China. Methods We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study from July 2018 to August 2018. We included a total of 10457 emergency physicians from 31 provinces across China in the analysis. The questionnaire covered socio-demographic characteristics, work-related factors, psychological characteristics, and workplace violence. We applied binary logistic regression to examine the correlated factors of physical and verbal violence among emergency physicians. Results The prevalence of physical and verbal violence among emergency physicians in China was 27.63% and 81.81%, respectively. Regarding socio-demographic factors, male emergency physicians with bachelor's degrees or higher, poor sleep quality, and unfavorable health conditions were more likely to experience workplace violence. Concerning work-related factors, emergency physicians who had longer years of service, worked a higher frequency of night shifts per month and served more patients per day had a greater prevalence of workplace violence. As for individual psychological characteristics, negative affect was positively correlated with workplace violence, while self-efficacy and positive affect were negatively correlated with workplace violence. Conclusions The situation of physical and verbal violence against emergency physicians in China is severe, especially verbal violence. Hospital administrators should pay more attention to the workplace violence of emergency physicians and take measures to decrease the occurrence of workplace violence efficiently, such as reducing their workload and cultivating their positive affect and self-efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To determine the prevalence of and factors associated with dispensing antibiotics without a prescription in online and community pharmacies in China. Methods We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study of online and community pharmacies in 27 cities and counties in nine provinces in China (selected by multistage sampling) from July 2017 to December 2018. We assessed sale of antibiotics without a prescription and quality of pharmacy services through simulated clients who asked to buy specific antibiotics. We compared the prevalence of sales between online and community pharmacies, and between location and features of community pharmacies. Findings Of 220 online and 675 community pharmacies, 174 (79.1%) and 586 (86.8%) sold antibiotics without a valid prescription, respectively. About half of the online pharmacies had a notice on their website about the illegality of selling prescription-only medicines without a prescription while none of the community pharmacists had. More online pharmacies without this notice dispensed antibiotics without a valid prescription (P < 0.001). Antibiotics' sale without a prescription was significantly less prevalent in provincial capital cities (71.6%; 161/225) than prefectural-level cities (95.1%; 214/225) and counties (93.8%; 211/225; P < 0.001). Most pharmacy staff did not ask for important information from clients before dispensing the antibiotic or provide them with necessary information about the antibiotic. Conclusion Given the high proportion of sales of prescription-only medicines without a prescription, there is a need to strengthen enforcement of regulations, improve public education on antibiotics, train pharmacy staff and consolidate public involvement in antibiotic stewardship in retail pharmacies in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Keyes' two continua model is a useful concept in which mental health and mental illness exist on two separate axes. Based on this model, this study examined the prevalence and correlates of three mental health categories among older adults in China. Methods: Cross-sectional data were derived from Wave 1 of the Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health. Participants were categorized into complete mental health (CMH), complete mental illness (CMI), and moderate mental health (MMH) groups. Multinomial logistic regressions were used. Results: The prevalence of CMH, CMI, and MMH in China was 18%, 16%, and 66%, respectively. Being female, unmarried, younger, and feeling unhealthy were more likely to result in placement in the CMI category. Employment, education, and cognitive function were identified as important protective factors of CMH. Age, income, urban or rural residence, and physical function difficulty were associated with all three categories. Discussion: We demonstrated the utility of the two continua model in identifying mental health needs in Chinese contexts. The findings suggest that future policy reforms and clinical interventions should establish a more comprehensive mental health category as a screening tool nationwide. The promotion of social engagement could play an important role in treating mental illness and improving positive mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Little is known about electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among Chinese adolescents. We examined the prevalence of current (past 30-day) e-cigarette use and its associated factors in a large sample of adolescents in Hong Kong.Methods: We analyzed data of the School-based Survey on Smoking among Students 2012/13 from a representative sample of 45,857 secondary school students (mean age: 14.8 ± 1.9). We conducted chi-square tests and t-test to compare current e-cigarette use by covariates. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the association between current e-cigarette use and demographic variables, parental smoking, peer smoking, knowledge about the harm of cigarette smoking, attitudes toward cigarette smoking, cigarette smoking status, use of other tobacco products, and alcohol consumption.Results: Overall, 1.1% of students reported current e-cigarette use. Of e-cigarette users, 11.7% were never-cigarette smokers, 15.8% were experimental cigarette smokers, 39.3% were former cigarette smokers, and 33.2% were current cigarette smokers. Current e-cigarette use was associated with male sex, poor knowledge about the harm of smoking, cigarette smoking, use of other tobacco products, and alcohol consumption.Conclusions: Surveillance and intervention efforts should address a wide range of tobacco products, including e-cigarettes. Tobacco cessation programs should also address alcohol use collectively. Policies prohibiting e-cigarette sales to minors may help prevent e-cigarette uptake among adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Young adults frequently report social smoking. This study examined the relationship between different social smoking definitions and the co-use of cigarettes and alcohol, tobacco-related attitudes, and quitting efforts. Method Cross-sectional data were collected at bars using randomized time location sampling among young adults aged 21-26 in San Diego, California from 2010 to 2011 (73% response rate). Multivariable logistic regression examined if current smoking and quit attempts were associated with tobacco-related attitudes, and whether social smoking self-identification or behavior was associated with cigarette-and-alcohol co-use, tobacco-related attitudes, quit attempts, or quitline use. Results Among 537 current smokers, 80% self-identified and 49% behaved as social smokers. Social smoking self-identification was positively associated with cigarette-and-alcohol co-use, and quit attempts. Social smoking behavior was negatively associated with tobacco marketing receptivity, quit attempts, and quitline use. Tobacco-related attitudes were associated with smoking but did not generally differ by social smoking status. Conclusion Identification and behavior as a social smoker have opposing associations with co-use of cigarettes and alcohol and quit attempts. Tobacco cessation programs for self-identified social smokers should address co-use. Interventions denormalizing the tobacco industry or emphasizing the health effects of temporary smoking and secondhand smoke may address smoking among young adult bar patrons regardless of social smoking status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Bars and nightclubs are key public venues where young adults congregate and use both tobacco and alcohol, and young adult bar patrons are at high risk for substance use. This study examined the association between cigarette smoking and alcohol use among a random sample of young adult bar patrons from three different cities in the USA. Methods Cross-sectional data was collected from a random sample of young adult bar patrons aged 18-29 in San Diego, CA (N = 1,150), Portland, ME (N = 1,019), and Tulsa, OK (N = 1,106) from 2007-2010 (response rate 88%) using randomized time location sampling. Respondents reported the number of days they smoked cigarettes, drank alcohol, and binge drank in the past 30 days. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze the association between smoking (nonsmoker, occasional smoker, and regular smoker) and drinking and binge drinking for each city controlling for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and education. Predicted probabilities of each smoking category were calculated by drinking and binge drinking status. The association between smoking and drinking and binge drinking among combined samples was also analyzed, controlling for demographic variables and city. Results Respondents reported high current smoking rates, ranging from 51% in Portland to 58% in Tulsa. Respondents in Tulsa were more likely to report regular smoking than those in San Diego and Portland, with demographic variables being controlled. Young adult bar patrons also exhibited a strong association between smoking and drinking. In general, as the frequency of drinking and binge drinking increased, the predicted probability of being a smoker, especially a regular smoker, increased in each city. Conclusions Young adult bar patrons consistently reported a high smoking rate and a strong relationship between smoking and drinking, regardless of the different bar cultures and tobacco control contexts in each of the three cities. While smoke-free bar policies were negatively associated with regular smoking, these policies alone may not be enough to influence the association between smoking and drinking, particularly if tobacco marketing continues in these venues, or in the absence of programs specifically addressing the co-use of tobacco and alcohol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]