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BACKGROUND: In May 2009, the Italian Constitutional Court banned most of the limitations of a restrictive law regulating assisted reproduction technology on the grounds that it limited a couple's right to have access to the best possible medical treatment and reduce any possible higher risk of complications. The aim of the study was to compare our results in fresh cycles before and after this change. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analysed retrospectively 3274 IVF cycles: 2248 before and 1026 after the law was modified. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, basal FSH levels, years of infertility, the number of previous cycles or the number of oocytes retrieved but the number of oocytes used (2.7 ± 0.6 versus 4.6 ± 1.8 ; P =

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study is to investigate cryopreservation of oocytes in patients refusing embryo cryopreservation for ethical reasons, patients from whom no sperm could be retrieved and patients with enough oocytes to yield a number of fresh and cryopreserved embryos to transfer. METHODS: A total of 2900 oocytes out of 6216 retrieved were cryopreserved in 286 patients undergoing 303 cycles. The reasons for cryopreservation were because no sperm was found in 16 cycles, for ethical or personal reasons in 80, and in 207 only supernumerary oocytes were frozen. In 159 cycles, the oocytes were thawed and the surviving metaphase II oocytes microinjected. RESULTS: A toal of 1087 oocytes were thawed, 760 (69.9%) survived and 687 were microinjected. We obtained 368 (53.5%) normally cleaved embryos, 331 were transferred and 37 were cryopreserved. One hundred and forty-five transfers (range 1–3 embryos/patient) were performed and 18 (12.4%) pregnancies were obtained. Twelve patients delivered 13 healthy children, and six first trimester abortions were observed (33.3%). CONCLUSION: Although a low implantation rate was observed and a higher abortion rate than in fresh cycles, our results show that in sibling oocytes, the process of cryopreservation apparently does not affect the fertilization and cleavage rate. In this group of patients, producing a large number of mature gametes, oocyte cryopreservation gives the couple extra chances to achieve a pregnancy within a single retrieval and is a good effort towards reducing the number of embryos cryopreserved and enhancing our experience in this new technology.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of a new ultravitrification technique with a low concentration of cryoprotectants. Design Ultravitrification research. Setting Private assisted reproduction center. Patient(s) Oocytes donated voluntarily with the aim of research. Intervention(s) Ultravitrification with different protocols of 100 mature oocytes and 100 immature oocytes divided in four groups to determine which is the adequate cryoprotectant concentration and the appropriate cooling solution. Main Outcome Measure(s) Human oocytes survival rate with low concentration of cryoprotectants by ultravitrification technique. Result(s) We obtained higher survival rates with slush nitrogen than with liquid nitrogen (92% vs. 56%) and better results with 2 M of cryoprotectants than with 1.5 M (92% vs. 60%). The best protocol was 2 M PrOH + 0.5 M sucrose + slush nitrogen with a mature oocytes survival rate of 92% (23 of 25) and immature of 88% (22 of 25). Conclusion(s) This ultravitrification technique is a new option to preserve human oocytes that avoids the use of a high cryoprotectant concentration while obtaining a high survival rate with a concentration of cryoprotectants typical of slow freezing.

Over the last few years, there has been renewed interest and scientific debate concerning human oocyte cryopreservation. The aim of this study was to analyse the clinical data coming from our long experience of slow-freezing oocytes. Between 2001 and 2007, 1280 thawing cycles were carried out using oocytes previously frozen by means of a slow 1,2 propaniedol+sucrose protocol. A total of 7585 oocytes were thawed, of which 4409 survived and 3622 were microinjected; 144 clinical pregnancies were obtained. The number of thawing cycles increased from 19 in 2001 to 268 in 2007, and the number of thawed oocytes from 197 to 1652. Although the survival rate was significantly lower in the period 2002-2005 than in the period 2006-2007, pregnancy and implantation rates steadily improved from respectively 6.7% and 2.4% in 2001 to 15% and 8.2% in 2007. Our data demonstrate a clinically important improvement in oocyte crypreservation over the years in a Centres with proved experience, and can be offered as a standard of care not only before cancer treatment but also for couples refusing embryo crypreservation or in countries with very restrictive limitations on embryo or zygote freezing.

Objective To report the first birth after transfer of cryopreserved embryos generated by intracytoplasmic sperm injection of cryopreserved testicular spermatozoa into cryopreserved human oocytes. Design Case report. Setting Tertiary center for reproductive technology. Patient(s) A 36-year-old woman with primary infertility of 3 years' duration and a 37-year-old man with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens. Intervention(s) Cryopreservation of human embryos after oocytes and sperm thawing. Main outcome measure(s) Live birth. Result(s) A healthy, normal female infant with a birth weight of 2,950 g was born by cesarean section at 38 weeks' gestation, with normal 6-month follow-up. Conclusion(s) Embryo cryopreservation can lead to successful results, even with the use of cryopreserved gametes.

s / Placenta 32 (2011) S276–S282 S277 COMPARISON BETWEEN SLOW FREEZING AND VITRIFICATION IN BLASTOCYST CRYOPRESERVATION E. Albani, G. Morreale, P.V. Novara, A. Smeraldi, F. Menduni, P.E. Levi Setti Department of Gynecology, Operative Unit of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, IRCCS, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Milano, Italy Introduction: The introduction of Sentence 151/09 of the Italian Constitutional Court has made it possible to define a custom therapeutic approach based on a patient's clinical history. This Sentence has given us the possibility, with the patient's consent, to inseminate more than 3 oocytes and to transfer an elective number of embryos based on patient age and clinical history. Since we have been allowed to store untransferred supernumerary embryos, we decided to cryopreserve only embryos that were able to reach the blastocyst stage, in order to reduce the number of stored embryos. Blastocyst stage culture was carried out using sequential media and tri-gas incubators. Based on our previous experience with oocyte and cleavage-stage embryo slow freezing, we chose to begin our work using this method. Later, because of improving published results, we decided to switch to a vitrification protocol. This study is a retrospective evaluation of the two procedures after embryo thawing and transfer. Materials and methods: We analysed retrospectively blastocyst thawing performed between May 2009 and December 2010. Two different strategies of blastocyst cryopreservation were compared: slow freezing (group A) and vitrification (group B). Blastocyst morphological survival rate was evaluated 3h after thawing and only vital embryos were transferred. Implantation (IR) and pregnancy rate (PR) were the principal end points of the study. The results were statistically analysed using the t-test and Chi-squared test. Differences were considered significant at p