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1. Converting paper mill sludge into neutral lipids by oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus vishniaccii for biodiesel production.

Author

Deeba F, Pruthi V, and Negi YS

Subjects
Biomass, Chromatography, Thin Layer, Cryptococcus cytology, Cryptococcus growth & development, Esters analysis, Fatty Acids analysis, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Lipid Droplets chemistry, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Biofuels microbiology, Biotechnology methods, Cryptococcus metabolism, Industrial Waste, Lipids biosynthesis, Paper, Sewage chemistry
Abstract

Paper mill sludge (PMS) was assessed as cheap renewable lignocellulosic biomass for lipid production by the oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus vishniaccii (MTCC 232). The sonicated paper mill sludge extract (PMSE) exhibited enhanced lipid yield and lipid content 7.8±0.57g/l, 53.40% in comparison to 5.5±0.8g/l, 40.44% glucose synthetic medium, respectively. The accumulated triglycerides (TAG) inside the lipid droplets (LDs) were converted to biodiesel by transesterification and thoroughly characterized using GC-MS technique. The fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profile obtained reveals elevated content of oleic acid followed by palmitic acid, linoleic acid and stearic acid with improved oxidative stability related to biodiesel quality., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2016
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2. Assessment of Cryptococcus albidus for biopulping of eucalyptus.

Author

Singhal A, Jaiswal PK, Jha PK, Thapliyal A, and Thakur IS

Subjects
Cryptococcus enzymology, Hydrolysis, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Paper, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Cryptococcus chemistry, Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases chemistry, Eucalyptus chemistry, Fungal Proteins chemistry, Laccase chemistry, Lignin metabolism, Wood metabolism
Abstract

Cryptococcus albidus shows delignification activity in nature. It was used for the biopulping of eucalyptus wood (Eucalyptus grandis) to access its potential for industrial application in the pulp and paper industry. Enzyme analysis on days 15, 30, and 60 showed the presence of laccase and xylanase as key enzymes. The production of endo-glucanase (CMCase) and exo-glucanase (FPase) was very low. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the surface colonization of wood and loosening of wood fibers in C. albidus-treated samples. Fourier-transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicated the chemical modification of eucalyptus wood. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis on days 15, 30, and 60 confirmed the presence of C. albidus throughout the experiments. Cryptococcu albidus was able to suppress the growth of a native population. Further, after 60 days both the control and treated eucalyptus wood chips were given kraft pulping treatment. The kappa number of pulp of control wood was 21 and for treated wood was 17. Kappa number is considered a measure of lignin content in wood; hence the treatment of eucalyptus by C. albidus (biopulping) was effective in reducing its lignin content and can be used for biopulping in the pulp and paper industry.

Published
2013
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3. Converting paper mill sludge into neutral lipids by oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus vishniaccii for biodiesel production

Author

Yuvraj Singh Negi, Vikas Pruthi, and Farha Deeba

Subjects
Paper, Environmental Engineering, 020209 energy, Linoleic acid, Industrial Waste, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Palmitic acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Biomass, Food science, Waste Management and Disposal, Fatty acid methyl ester, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Biodiesel, Sewage, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Fatty Acids, food and beverages, Esters, Lipid Droplets, General Medicine, Transesterification, Lipids, Cryptococcus, Oleic acid, chemistry, Biochemistry, Biofuels, Biodiesel production, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Chromatography, Thin Layer, Stearic acid, Biotechnology
Abstract

Paper mill sludge (PMS) was assessed as cheap renewable lignocellulosic biomass for lipid production by the oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus vishniaccii (MTCC 232). The sonicated paper mill sludge extract (PMSE) exhibited enhanced lipid yield and lipid content 7.8±0.57g/l, 53.40% in comparison to 5.5±0.8g/l, 40.44% glucose synthetic medium, respectively. The accumulated triglycerides (TAG) inside the lipid droplets (LDs) were converted to biodiesel by transesterification and thoroughly characterized using GC-MS technique. The fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profile obtained reveals elevated content of oleic acid followed by palmitic acid, linoleic acid and stearic acid with improved oxidative stability related to biodiesel quality.

Published
2016
Full Text
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4. Assessment of Cryptococcus albidus for biopulping of eucalyptus

Author

Alka Thapliyal, Anjali Singhal, Indu Shekhar Thakur, Pawan Kumar Jha, and Prashant Kumar Jaiswal

Subjects
Paper, Biology, engineering.material, Kappa number, complex mixtures, Biochemistry, Lignin, Fungal Proteins, chemistry.chemical_compound, Botany, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Fungal protein, Eucalyptus, Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases, Pulp (paper), Hydrolysis, Laccase, technology, industry, and agriculture, General Medicine, Pulp and paper industry, Wood, Cryptococcus, Kraft process, chemistry, Xylanase, engineering, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Biotechnology, Cryptococcus albidus
Abstract

Cryptococcus albidus shows delignification activity in nature. It was used for the biopulping of eucalyptus wood (Eucalyptus grandis) to access its potential for industrial application in the pulp and paper industry. Enzyme analysis on days 15, 30, and 60 showed the presence of laccase and xylanase as key enzymes. The production of endo-glucanase (CMCase) and exo-glucanase (FPase) was very low. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the surface colonization of wood and loosening of wood fibers in C. albidus-treated samples. Fourier-transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicated the chemical modification of eucalyptus wood. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis on days 15, 30, and 60 confirmed the presence of C. albidus throughout the experiments. Cryptococcu albidus was able to suppress the growth of a native population. Further, after 60 days both the control and treated eucalyptus wood chips were given kraft pulping treatment. The kappa number of pulp of control wood was 21 and for treated wood was 17. Kappa number is considered a measure of lignin content in wood; hence the treatment of eucalyptus by C. albidus (biopulping) was effective in reducing its lignin content and can be used for biopulping in the pulp and paper industry.

Published
2013