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Fe-containing intermetallic compounds (IMCs) are among the most detrimental second phases in aluminum alloys. One particularly harmful type is θ-Al13Fe4, which exhibits a needle- or plate-like morphology, leading to greater degradation of mechanical properties compared to other Fe-IMCs with more compact structures, such as α-Al15(Fe,Mn)3Si2. The addition of alloying elements is a crucial strategy for modifying the microstructure during the solidification process of aluminum alloys. This study investigates the effects of adding vanadium (V) and zirconium (Zr) on the morphology and crystal chemistry of θ-Al13Fe4 in an Al-4Fe alloy, employing a combination of experimental observations, first-principle calculations, and thermodynamic analysis. Our findings indicate that zirconium significantly refines both the primary θ-Al13Fe4 particles and the α-Al grains. Additionally, a small amount of vanadium can be incorporated into one of the Wyckoff 4i Al sites in θ-Al13Fe4, rather than occupying any Fe sites, under casting conditions, in addition to the formation of binary Al-V phases.

In the title compound, C33H32ClNO2, the benzene ring is oriented at dihedral angles of 6.23 (5) and 66.44 (5)° with respect to the two naphthalene ring systems. An intramolecular O—H...N hydrogen bond between the hydroxy H atom and the amine N atom generates an S(6) ring.

In the title compound, C25H34O8·H2O, the two crylohexane rings adopt chair conformations. In the crystal, the organic molecule and the water molecule are linked by O—H...O hydrogen bonds, generating a three-dimensional network.

In the title compound, C17H20Cl2N4O, the piperazine ring adopts a chair conformation and the dihedral angle between the pyridazine ring and the benzene ring is 36.3 (1)°. In the crystal, weak C—H...O and C—H...(N,N) interactions help to establish the packing, which also features short intermolecular Cl...Cl contacts [3.331 (2) Å].

In the title compound, C10H18N3OS+·Cl−·2H2O, the three C atoms of the isopropyl group are disordered and were refined using a split-site mode [occupancy ratio 0.53 (3):0.47 (3)]. In the crystal, the cations, anions and water molecules are connected via O—H...O, O—H...Cl, N—H...Cl and N—H...O hydrogen bonding.

In the title compound, C23H17Cl3N4O, the benzene rings are oriented with respect to the pyrazole ring at dihedral angles of 39.9 (2) and 72.90 (13)° for the chlorophenyl and dichlorophenyl rings, respectively. Intermolecular C—H...N and C—H...Cl interactions are observed in the crystal packing.