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Oat (Avena sativa L.) has rich phenolic contents with nutritional and therapeutic health benefits. The objective of the present work was to perform a cell cytotoxicity assay of three South Asian oat cultivars to determine their suppressive effect on intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oat cultivars were firstly examined for total phenolic content, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, and phenolic acid profiling through HPLC. Total phenolic contents of oat cultivars ranged from 167.57 to 198.41 mg GAE/100 g, and DPPH scavenging activity was IC50 = 18.81 to 13.18 mg/mL. Oat cultivars displayed average content of phenolic acids such as vanillic acid (0.33 µg/g), syringic acid (6.70 µg/g), caffeic acid (4.16 µg/g), ferulic acid (2.06 µg/g), p-coumaric acid (20.22 µg/g), with the highest being gallic acid (74.32 µg/g). Cell cytotoxicity assay of oat polyphenolic extracts revealed that 10 and 15 µg/mL concentrations had nonsignificant differences when compared with their respective control treatments. Oat extracts suppressed ROS in Caco-2-cells, with or without hydrogen peroxide stimulation from 65.20 - 86.13%, and 56.36 - 79.56% with 10 and 15 µg/mL concentrations, respectively. In conclusion, oat is a rich source of polyphenols which have strong antioxidant behaviour to suppress the ROS activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oat (Avena sativa) of the South Asian region, particularly Pakistan, remains neglected for decades. Oat is unique in terms of the presence of exceptional polyphenolic compounds known as avenanthramides (AVAs). AVAs have therapeutic effects and behave as antioxidative, anti-proliferative, and vasodilatory agents. The present work was designed to explore the nutritional and antioxidant aspects of oat, especially of their phenolic content, including AVAs. Three cultivars of oat (S-2000, S-2011, and L-632) were examined for their proximate composition and mineral profile. Conventional solvents (acetone, ethanol, and methanol) and supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) were used for polyphenol extraction. Extracts were spectrophotometrically analysed for their phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity. Vital avenanthramides (AVA-A, AVA-B, and AVA-C) were quantified through HPLC/UV-Vis detector. The data reported highest total phenolic content (222.72 mg GAE/100 g) and total flavonoid content (137.13 mg QE/100 g) in S-2011 with maximum antioxidant activity (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl IC50 = 12.38 mg/ml and ferric reducing antioxidant power = 39.98 μmol/g). This highest antioxidant potential was examined in supercritical extract while methanol evaluated the best among conventional solvents. Best extractions were further analysed with HPLC for the quantification of AVAs. SC-CO2 extraction recorded maximum concentrations of AVA-A (137.84 μg/g), AVA-B (105.10 μg/g), and AVA-C (119.86 μg/g) in S-2011 cultivar. In conclusion, oat is the rich source of antioxidants with the presence of exceptional AVAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, locally grown garlic i.e. pink and white was evaluated for phytochemical profile. Pink garlic extracts from methanol, ethanol and water exhibited highest flavonols, flavanoids and DPPH by 10.20±0.50, 9.82±0.01 &9.20±0.03 mg/100g, 43.67±1.15, 42.50±1.59 &41.68±2.03 mg/100g and 53.53±1.78, 51.72±1.23 &51.19±1.03% respectively as compared to garlic white. The values for FRAP and β-carotene were recorded maximumas9.47±0.47 mg TE/g and 69.44±0.54% in methanolic extracts. Similarly, highest ABTS value was exhibited by pink garlic methanolic extract (60.85±3.63 μmol TE/g). Maximum allicinwas4.63±0.02 mg/g in methanolic extract, however, white garlic extracts showed highest performance in ethanolic extract 0.961±0.002mg/g followed by methanolic 0.918±0.002mg/g.In toto, pink garlic extracts showed higher FRAP, DPPH, flavonoids, flavonols and ABTS values in comparison with garlic white. Moreover, amount of allicin was also higher in pink garlic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]