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The analysis and preservation of the cultural heritage sites are critical for maintaining their historical and architectural integrity, as they can be damaged by various factors, including climatic, geological, geomorphological, and human actions. Based on this, the present study proposes a semi-automatic and non-learning-based method for detecting degraded surfaces within cultural heritage sites by integrating UAV, photogrammetry, and 3D data analysis. A 20th-century fortification from Romania was chosen as the case study due to its physical characteristics and state of degradation, making it ideal for testing the methodology. Images were collected using UAV and terrestrial sensors and processed to create a detailed 3D point cloud of the site. The developed pipeline effectively identified degraded areas, including cracks and material loss, with high accuracy. The classification and segmentation algorithms, including K-means clustering, geometrical features, RANSAC, and FACETS, improved the detection of destructured areas. The combined use of these algorithms facilitated a detailed assessment of the structural condition. This integrated approach demonstrated that the algorithms have the potential to support each other in minimizing individual limitations and accurately identifying degraded surfaces. Even though some limitations were observed, such as the potential for the overestimation of false negatives and positives areas, the damaged surfaces were extracted with high precision. The methodology proved to be a practical and economical solution for cultural heritage monitoring and conservation, offering high accuracy and flexibility. One of the greatest advantages of the method is its ease of implementation, its execution speed, and the potential of using entirely open-source software. This approach can be easily adapted to various heritage sites, significantly contributing to their protection and valorization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific undertaking, focused on a specific methodology, quantified in the specialist literature, takes shape as a quantitative, qualitative, typological and cartographic knowledge of what is authentic, traditional and representative for Alba County. The result allows us to tackle the issue of the wooden churches, considered authentic values for the inhabitant of this county.

Low quality in a museum's internal microclimate can induce both the deterioration of the exhibit collections, as well as affecting the health of visitors, employees and restorers. Starting from this premise, the present study aims to study the perception of visitors and employees of Darvas-La Roche Museum House (Romania) in relation to the air quality in the exhibition spaces. Their opinions were analyzed based on a questionnaire comprising 11 items aimed at understanding the influence of the indoor environment on the health of individuals, the degree of disturbance induced by the indoor air, if they experienced symptoms of illness after visiting the museum, etc. The obtained data were analyzed statistically in the SPSS 28 program, using tests such as coefficient, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and model summary, in order to obtain correlations between the sets of variables. The results obtained indicate that the majority of respondents perceived the indoor air quality as good, but there were also exceptions (approximately 20% of the respondents), which indicated different symptoms induced by the indoor air. Most of those (%) affected stated that they had pre-existing conditions, wear contact lenses or are smokers. In their case, the statistical-mathematical analyses indicated strong correlations between the ailments they suffer from and the appearance of certain discomforts (caused by too low or too high temperature, dust or dry air, etc.) and disease symptoms (nasal congestion, eye and skin irritations, coughs, migraines, frequent colds, etc.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Investigating, collecting data with specific character, as well as registering and investigating data concerning ornaments and colors, patterns as expressive possibilities of designs of Romanian folk textile are important activities to do. The first goal of the research undertaken was to collect, preserve, and protect knowledge about old patterns and weaving techniques in selected regions of Romania, and the second to use old patterns for the modern needs of folk handicraft weaving and the clothing industry. (2) In the undertaken research, material was obtained from antique textiles, clothes, and paintings on canvas, from selected objects in the Maramureș region and Bihor region. The selection was made by the ReliefF method. The specimens of specification throw weight by the geometry method was used to characterize the types of weaving techniques. Principal component analysis methods were used to reduce the amount of data of the vector of textural features. (3) The research on selected Romanian textiles allowed for the construction of a model of texture features that describes them. The results include the specimens' measurements, analysis of fabric structures, yarn specification, and the reconstruction of the fabrics. Based on the obtained results, a simulation of fashion trends was performed. (4) The analysis of individual components increased the knowledge of weaving techniques in the studied regions and may be an inspiration for contemporary design in local and regional handicrafts as well as in the clothing industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact that geohazards have on cultural heritage requires continuous research in order to assess risks, prevention and conservation. This study has as the main research object, a uniquen monument in terms of its connection with the risk phenomena. It is about a wooden church historical monument from the village of Corbeti, Romania, which was destroyed at the beginning of the tenth decade of the last century by a meteorological hazard, later reconstructed on a new site (in Oradea Municipality), and currently there is a risk of being affected by a geological hazard. The study focused on three main directions of research, namely: reconstructing the film of events, analyzing current risks and finding viable methods for future conservation and promotion. The methodology is based on extensive field research and the use of digital technologies. The results obtained confirmed the church's tendency to be affected by the emergence of a new risk phenomenon - landslides. In order to conserve and rebuild in case of need, the monument was digitized and a three-dimensional model of high accuracy was developed. This approach has the advantage of being low-cost, fast, non-invasive and providing large volumes of valuable information in the process of cultural heritage conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of the indoor microclimate in museums is a problem of great interest to the contemporary society, given that it is in close connection with the health and comfort of visitors and employees, as well as with the integrity of the exhibits. Taking into account the fact that museums are places that have a special role in the community's life and therefore attract a very large number of visitors of all ages, a very important issue is to determine the degree of safety that the indoor microclimate presents. Thus, the quality of the indoor microclimate was investigated inside an iconic museum in Romania, dating back to the 19th century, because pollutants from external or internal sources of the building, generated secondary, often anthropogenic, as a tendency to defend/adapt to climate change (CC), contribute to both local and regional pollution, but also lead to challenges in identifying links between air quality (AQ) and and climate change (CC). The methodology used was based on monitoring the main parameters of the microclimate (temperature, relative humidity and CO2) over a period of between October 2020 and March 2021, 21 weeks, as well as on determining the microbiological contamination of the air and some indoor exhibits located in three different areas of the museum. At the same time, the study aims to identify cheap, easy to implement and non-invasive solutions for removing fungi identified on exhibits for long-term preservation and reducing the risk of various pathologies in humans following prolonged exposure. The results obtained show that the indoor microclimate in the old heritage building favours the development of fungi, which have a high degree of contamination of the air (over 800 CFU/m3) and of the exhibits, representing a potential risk for the health of the visitors and museum workers. Thus, six species of yeast and five different fungi genera were identified in the air, while on the exhibits were individualised six fungi genera, a species of yeast and a bacterium. The most viable solution for cleaning materials, prolonging their lifespan and reducing the risk of disease in humans was represented by the use of essential oils (EO). Three essential oils (lavender, mint and lemon) were applied on an exhibit with five different microorganism genera, and it was observed that they have the ability to inhibit the spores from moulds and bacteria, being a very good alternative to the usual chemical treatments that are used in the cultural heritage field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accelerated development and expansion of cultural tourism in areas with unique tourist objectives, characterised by a high degree of risk in terms of their physical and chemical integrity, requires sustained efforts by all stakeholders to identify new methods, techniques, and procedures for their conservation, protection, and capitalisation, with respect to tourism. The aim of this study was to propose an optimal methodology for capitalising on tourism related to wooden churches, regarded as a structural item of tangible cultural heritage, with positive effects on the protection, conservation, information, and awareness of all stakeholders in tourism development. This involved the development of a web portal, in which were integrated the 3D models related to the analysed objects, the panoramic images inside them, the audio support, the photographs, and the accompanying text necessary to create and render a virtual reality (VR) production for purposes of virtual tourism (VT). The results obtained consisted of the creation of the website Bihor360°, which is freely navigable and whose content, including both textual and graphic information, can be easily accessed by all interested users. The aim involved was to release an online bridge for potential visitors to the fragile tourist attractions, facilitating the development of active knowledge and VR while raising awareness among the population and the local authorities about the role and the importance of the wooden churches in tourism and the local economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poor air quality inside museums is one of the main causes influencing the state of conservation of exhibits. Even if they are mostly placed in a controlled environment because of their construction materials, the exhibits can be very vulnerable to the influence of the internal microclimate. As a consequence, museum exhibits must be protected from potential negative effects. In order to prevent and stop the process of damage of the exhibits, monitoring the main parameters of the microclimate (especially temperature, humidity, and brightness) and keeping them in strict values is extremely important. The present study refers to the investigations and analysis of air quality inside a museum, located in a heritage building, from Romania. The paper focuses on monitoring and analysing temperature of air and walls, relative humidity (RH), CO2, brightness and particulate matters (PM), formaldehyde (HCHO), and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC). The monitoring was carried out in the Summer–Autumn 2020 Campaign, in two different exhibition areas (first floor and basement) and the main warehouse where the exhibits are kept and restored. The analyses aimed both at highlighting the hazard induced by the poor air quality inside the museum that the exhibits face. The results show that this environment is potentially harmful to both exposed items and people. Therefore, the number of days in which the ideal conditions in terms of temperature and RH are met are quite few, the concentration of suspended particles, formaldehyde, and total volatile organic compounds often exceed the limit allowed by the international standards in force. The results represent the basis for the development and implementation of strategies for long-term conservation of exhibits and to ensure a clean environment for employees, restorers, and visitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]