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One segment of the student population that is regularly and systematically ignored is Black male students labeled "overage, under-credited" (OA/UC) based on their age and credits earned towards graduation. These young men are typically educated in alternative settings such as transfer high schools and adult learning centers. A critical race theory (CRT) analysis calls into question expanding alternative school options while limiting the exploration of how and to what extent Black male students benefit. The purpose of this study is to highlight how, if at all, OA/UC Black male students at an alternative school in New York City experience culturally relevant caring. We add to literature on culturally relevant caring by considering its importance in schooling experiences of three OA/UC Black male students in relation to tenets of CRT and examine two questions: (1) How, if at all, do OA/UC Black male students in a transfer high school experience culturally relevant care? (2) In what ways are students' experiences of culturally relevant care shaped by structural determinism and intersectionality? Our analysis indicates that the school itself is reflective of a structural determinism that prevents transformative alternatives from fully emerging, particularly in relation to culturally relevant caring.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) in 1:1 laptop classrooms. We evaluate how, if at all, teachers in these environments engage culturally sustaining pedagogy (CSP) with technology to meet the needs of culturally and linguistically diverse learners. Design/methodology/approach: Data for this multiple case study were collected across three middle schools with a 1:1 laptop initiative. Thirteen teachers participated in individual interviews and 77 teachers completed an online survey. Transcribed interviews and the open-ended survey question were analyzed using an inductive, iterative process of coding according to hallmarks of TPACK and CSP. Findings: This study reveals that while technology could be a powerful tool in fostering an equitable classroom environment, fully implementing equitable approaches in 1:1 laptop schools would require educators to develop knowledge and skills to integrate TPACK and CSP in their classroom. Originality/value: Our study indicates that obstacles to providing equitable education for CLD learners in 1:1 classrooms are not issues of technology access but issues of disparities perpetuated by missed opportunities to fully engage CSP as a means of challenging the status quo. Tackling this in 1:1 environments would require educators to develop knowledge and skills to engage culturally sustaining TPACK in their classroom.

The "over-age, under-credited" (OA/UC) student population is defined as high school students who are at least two years behind their peers in terms of age and credits earned toward a high school diploma. To date, few studies have examined the schooling of OA/UC students. The purpose of this study is to use the insights of six African American OA/UC high school students to define strategies for improving educational outcomes at their school. The specific research question explored is: What recommendations, rooted in participants' race, gender, and age, do they offer for improving the educational experiences of OA/UC students? Data analysis for this case study incorporates critical race theory, adult learning theory, and culturally relevant pedagogy as a comprehensive theoretical and analytic framework. The findings serve to provide a foundation for realizing a radical praxis that leads to substantive changes in the education of OA/UC African American high school students.

This article examines how 18 teachers, counselors, administrators, and support staff from seven New York City public high schools collaborated during the Black and Latino Male Professional Development Initiative (a pseudonym) to develop a "culturally relevant, schoolwide, college-going culture" supportive of Black and Latino males' college readiness and access. We draw from a mixed-methods empirical research study to discuss participants' changing understandings of the features of such a culture, and how participants' action plans illuminate steps for change in their schools. We provide recommendations for creating equitable educational opportunities for Black and Latino males supportive of access to postsecondary education.

This study is based on an initiative for increasing college and career readiness for Black and Latino male high school students in New York City. From data that include 58 total hours of participant observations from 24 educators of color, written documentation from culturally relevant education--professional development (CRE-PD) activities, and transcripts of six group interviews, we examine these educators' work to further their own sociopolitical consciousness in relation to increasing Black and Latino male students' college and career readiness. We explore how secondary educators of color utilize pedagogical tools and practices in attempting to support their Black and Latino male students' navigation of particular inequities related to college knowledge and access. Our findings highlight educators' experiential knowledge as a pedagogical tool, approaches to preparing students for postsecondary opportunities, and missed opportunities to enact a sociopolitical consciousness. Recommendations for inservice educator PD and future research are discussed.

This study presents findings from a case study of 18 second- and 1.5-generation West African immigrants. We draw upon notions of elusive culture and indigenous knowledges to highlight participants' complex cultural identities and respond to anti-immigration discourses through positioning West African immigrant students as assets in American classrooms. We extend culturally relevant theory in order to reflect the heterogeneity of Black immigrant experiences in challenging simultaneously invisible and stereotypical views of African values, knowledges, and ideologies. We call for practitioners and researchers to attend to Black immigrant youth's hybrid identities, indigenous knowledges, and enactments of cultural competence and socio-political consciousness within curriculum.

This study seeks to challenge the uni-dimensional way care in school is written about by highlighting an often overlooked aspect of care--the kind that students do for each other. Data is drawn from focus groups conducted with the youth participants and founder of Umoja Network for Young Men (UMOJA), an all-male, school-based mentoring program for over-aged and under-credited (OA/UC) high school students. The authors draw on theories of culturally relevant pedagogy, care, and critical pedagogy to present the findings and propose a form of culturally relevant care (CRC) that entails warm demanding and building mutual trust. This study highlights the humanizing experiences of the Black and Latino male transfer students and their mentor. This focus on the experiences of young Black and Latino male participants seeks to shift the discourse from one focused on deficits to one that recognizes their agency and capacities for social and academic success.

Given limited scholarship examining gender dynamics in interactions between Black female students with Black male teachers, it is important to interrogate how Black girls experience teaching and learning in classrooms with Black male teachers in order to create culturally relevant caring (CRC) environments that nurture this student population. By centering the students' perspectives, this study examines perceptions of care when a race-match but gender-mismatch is present in the classroom. Using CRC as a conceptual framework and analytic tool, this qualitative case study investigates the significance of gender and race in establishing CRC in classrooms. Findings suggest that a lack of attention to gender fluidity and diversity within the Black female population can hinder the establishment of CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how 18 teachers, counselors, administrators, and support staff from seven New York City public high schools collaborated during the Black and Latino Male Professional Development Initiative (a pseudonym) to develop a "culturally relevant, schoolwide, college-going culture" supportive of Black and Latino males' college readiness and access. We draw from a mixed-methods empirical research study to discuss participants' changing understandings of the features of such a culture, and how participants' action plans illuminate steps for change in their schools. We provide recommendations for creating equitable educational opportunities for Black and Latino males supportive of access to postsecondary education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents findings from a case study of 18 second- and 1.5-generation West African immigrants. We draw upon notions of elusive culture and indigenous knowledges to highlight participants' complex cultural identities and respond to anti-immigration discourses through positioning West African immigrant students as assets in American classrooms. We extend culturally relevant theory in order to reflect the heterogeneity of Black immigrant experiences in challenging simultaneously invisible and stereotypical views of African values, knowledges, and ideologies. We call for practitioners and researchers to attend to Black immigrant youth's hybrid identities, indigenous knowledges, and enactments of cultural competence and socio-political consciousness within curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]