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This paper explores research into how to get foreign students studying overseas engaged with their work and how to deal with psychological difficulties in their new environment which can affect the quality of their studies. The paper is based on a presentation to HEURO (The Association of Higher Education European Officers) at a conference on the topic of Re-imagining Mobility for the Post-Pandemic World. The paper discusses how our understanding of international cultures needs to change, the difficulties faced by foreign students settling into another country, the impact of culture shock and how to deal with it and how to manage when faced with reverse culture shock when returning to your own country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past millennium, Confucian culture has prevailed in China as a typical informal institution, especially its emphasis on human feelings and interpersonal connections (guanxi) that coincides with the incentives for corruption. In this paper, we test the hypothesis that Confucian culture can generate positive effects on the formation of bureaucratic corruption in China. Using the variation in the number of jinshi across Chinese cities as a proxy for the degree of Confucian culture, and using the number of bribery recipients to measure corruption, we find that regions with more jinshi are associated with more bribe recipients. To address the endogeneity, we employ the Confucian sages in a given city as our instrumental variable. The instrumented results are consistent with our baseline claim. The findings remain robust after using a variety of tests, including using the percentage of bribe recipients instead of the number of bribe recipients, using the number of Confucius temples, Confucian academies and chaste women as alternative Confucian cultural measures, and controlling the impact of the North–South differences. In addition, we find the shock of foreign culture can mitigate the positive effect of Confucian culture on corruption. Finally, mechanism shows that the effect of Confucian culture on corruption can be attributed to the attitudes towards income unfairness, the excessive pursuit of vanity and the emphasis on interpersonal connections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Those who serve in military organizations typically develop a strong sense of identification with the defense force and those with whom they serve. However, when these individuals leave military service, they can experience a sense of displacement or culture shock, making transition into a civilian career a difficult prospect. This paper sought to explore veterans' experiences during the transition into civilian work and, in particular, the impact of this transition on their identity as they are socialized in a civilian organization. The stories of 31 Australian Defence Force veterans were gathered via semi‐structured interviews to provide insight into the experiences during transition and the changing nature of their identity as they began working outside a military environment. The findings identify three stages of identity adjustment through which veterans pass during their transition: realizing, relinquishing, and reconceptualizing. While some encountered more struggles than others depending on their individual circumstances, the findings provide unique insights for HRD theory and practice to enhance the transition of serving military to a civilian workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the multi-dimensional Asian American identity of immigrant Indians from their interview responses. Pan-ethnic identity of Indians in the US as Asian Americans, the Mar Thoma Church community for religious identity, and the second-generation Patel family’s union formation in terms of gender identity will be analyzed to find out the reasons behind their choice of a particular identity. Historical frameworks like Asian American movement and theoretical frameworks like identity formation theories will be used to interpret the reasons behind the choice of the identity of Indian Americans. For analyzing interview data, methodological frameworks, including thematic and statistical analysis, will be used. Results show the reasons behind their choice of different identities, including professional advantage and their future directives as part of hypotheses of Indian Americans as they merge with the American identity as part of cultural assimilation, in other cases, retain their Asian-ness beyond Americanized identity and sometimes go beyond both American, Asian identity to restate their Indian ethnicity. To conclude, the identity of Indian Americans remains evenly poised and keeps on changing due to the requirements of the ever-evolving world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Culture shock is when the experience of difference is seen to emotionally overwhelm a migrant. In this paper, I look at how the Global Mobility Industry, an industry that acts as an outsourcer for international human resource management processes, seeks to treat culture shock in the corporate expatriate. Through arguing that different cultures become medicalised as a risk to the expatriate, the paper makes two key points. First, there is a need to understand the way in which migration industries play a role in producing how migrants experience migration, with the paper illustrating a way through which we can conceptually engage with how the Global Mobility Industry manages encounter. Second, through this I argue that there are spaces out with the ‘contact zone’ through which encounter is learnt, highlighting a need and providing a theoretical basis for how research on migrant identities can explore different sites through which migrant subjectivities are produced as part of their journey’s abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the larger context of globalisation and internationalization, navigating business operations in a multicultural environment is no easy task. The Far East has always fascinated the West through the uniqueness of its traditions, while at the same time remaining mysterious and rather difficult to assimilate for those who have not experienced culture shock before. Therefore, this paper strives to emphasise the importance of familiarising business students with the key issues related to cultural awareness and communication, focusing on Asian cultures in contrast to the Western world since, in the light of the latest political and economic developments leading to an ever-increasing Chinese dominance, they will undoubtedly be putting that information to good use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a near consensus among materialist philosophers of mind that consciousness must somehow be constituted by internal neural processes, even if we remain unsure quite how this works. Even friends of the extended mind theory have argued that when it comes to the material substrate of conscious experience, the boundary of skin and skull is likely to prove somehow to be privileged. Such arguments have, however, typically conceived of the constitution of consciousness in synchronic terms, making a firm separation between proximate mechanisms and their ultimate causes. We argue that the processes involved in the constitution of some conscious experiences are diachronic, not synchronic. We focus on what we call phenomenal attunement in this paper—the feeling of being at home in a familiar, culturally constructed environment. Such a feeling is missing in cases of culture shock. Phenomenal attunement is a structure of our conscious experience of the world that is ubiquitous and taken for granted. We will argue that it is constituted by cycles of embodied and world-involving engagement whose dynamics are constrained by cultural practices. Thus, it follows that an essential structure of the conscious mind, the absence of which profoundly transforms conscious experience, is extended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: While there is a burgeoning literature on self-initiated expatriates (SIEs), the emphasis has been on expatriation not repatriation. The purpose of this paper therefore is to explore how repatriating SIEs perceive the experience of repatriation compared with their pre-repatriation expectations. Further, we examine the seminal work of Black et al. (1992) in the light of current day realities. Design/methodology/approach: This qualitative research draws on interviews with SIE New Zealanders returning home. It is an exploratory longitudinal study, based on interview data collected prior to (n = 32), and after (n = 27) repatriation, comparing expectations and experiences of repatriation. Findings: Findings show that there is a strong level of congruence between the expectations of the return and their experience of repatriation. This congruence eases the transition and mitigates the impact of reverse culture shock. We revise Black et al.'s framework of repatriation adjustment to more accurately reflect the expectations and experiences of repatriating SIEs, recognising the importance of individual agency and the impact of today's technological advances on repatriation. Research limitations/implications: The contributions of this paper include clarification of repatriating SIEs. Further, through the revision of the framework, we identify new areas of research that would aid our understanding of repatriating SIEs and lead to the development of a more detailed model. We highlight the interplay between variables showing how these might mitigate the shock of repatriation. Originality/value: Repatriation is an under-researched phase of the SIE, and this study provides empirical data that contributes to our understanding of the construct. Black et al.'s framework of repatriation adjustment is revised in the context of contemporary SIE, highlighting the holistic nature of self-initiated expatriation and repatriation, viewing the events not as discrete, but as a continuum of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International counseling students, who are unfamiliar with the U.S. mainstream culture, suffer from unique challenges posed to their daily lives. Moreover, counselor educators traditionally neglect this population. As a result, international counseling students may discover that their training at American university counseling supervision programs fails to provide applicability to their countries of origin and experience dissatisfaction of the learning process. To address the special needs of international students in supervision, this paper introduces a culturally responsive supervision model of culture shock using the Integrated Developmental Model (IDM) of supervision. This paper discussed the rationale for creating this new model and includes a detailed description of this model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following paper describes recent literature and provides an assessment of the impact of acculturative stress and reverse culture shock among international students. A structure for the acculturation process is described, along with an evaluation of various coping strategies used by the students. The article continues with a review of the various psychological and sociocultural dimensions that are involved in the adjustment or adaptation to culture shock. Next, a series of potential interventions that may accommodate different responses to acculturative stress and reverse culture shock are proposed. This is followed by a discussion of the experiences of international students returning to their home countries and the environmental impact on them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To what extent does migration contribute to fulfilling individual aspirations and dreams? This paper tries to answer this question through the migration journey in the two selected novels, Khawla Hamdi's Expatriation of the Jasmin (2015) and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah (2013), where Jasmin and Ifemelu decide to leave their own countries (Tunisia and Nigeria) to achieve their goals of studying, doing their post graduate studies, and enjoying the western world qualities of freedom and justice in France and the USA. Postcolonial theory will be adopted to highlight the themes of diaspora and alienation that the two protagonists embrace so badly during their long stay away from home in addition to the cultural shock they are going to experience as for Jasmin who is going to be treated unfairly because of her veil and Ifemelu who is going to be called as a negro for the first time in her life. The paper answers the question of the two protagonists “Will they achieve their dreams of freedom, equality, and human treatment in the western world, or will they be chasing mirage? They realize that they are chasing mirage, and the ideal image of the western world is scattered, they conclude that they can achieve success anywhere without having to migrate, and the first step on the way to success starts from the inside.

Purpose – This paper aims to interpret the multidimensional Asian American identity of immigrant Indians in terms of pan-ethnicity, gender and religion. Design/methodology/approach – The social construction and experience of race in the US and the intersection of multiethnic Asian American identity with race, gender and religion will be used in critically commenting on the interview of primary ethnic identity of Indian Americans including the pan-ethnic identity of Indians in the US as Asian Americans, the Mar Thoma Church community, the second-generation Patel family's union formation in terms of gender identity. Findings – The future directives include Asian American Movement (AAM) which is trying to incorporate Indians as pan-ethnic identity assimilation and the process of holding American identity as primary identification of Indians. Practical implications – Policy recommendations are that the US Census Bureau should include Indian Americans as separate ethnic identity for Indian immigrants like the Chinese Americans. USCIS (US Citizenship and Immigration Services) should reform policies to include the wives of H-4 visa holders. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) should provide secure living environment for Indian immigrants. The US Department of Labor should provide equal opportunities for women in their immigration policies. Originality/value – This paper will critically analyze the interview results of primary ethnic identity and justify the hypotheses of Asian American identity of Indians, whether (1) they merge with the American identity as part of cultural assimilation or (2) retain their Asian identity beyond Americanized identity or (3) go beyond both American and Asian identity to restate their Indian ethnicity.

As a result of a fast-changing world and work environment in a globalized public service, the public servants in South Africa are expected to adapt quickly to new conditions, problems, and changes, including dealing with different cultures and nationalities. A continually shifting setting that necessitates acclimating to a new culture can be challenging for any public worker who is expected to perform at the highest level consistently. Therefore, this article aims to determine the role of Human Resource Management departments in ensuring that all public officials are prepared for cultural diversity. This readiness can be achieved by providing public officials with cultural diversity training to increase their awareness and sensitivity to various cultures. The study utilized a qualitative methodology, and purposive sampling was used to sample a variety of documents that helped researchers establish the function of HRM departments in assuring the preparedness of public workers in South Africa for a rapidly changing world and workplace. The basis of this study is that HRM departments are responsible for training in this area. This paper contributes to the South African public sector literature by highlighting the importance of HRM departments in ensuring that all public officials are prepared for cultural diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much headway recently has been made in terms of devising pedagogical tactics to lay bare the 'powerful unsaids 'of the 'topdog', preserve the learner's Arab identity and meet the dangerous effects of a foreign culture. Among the strategies of resistance most frequently employed by Arab intellectuals, scholars and educationists, we find the censorial approach. The belief behind this is that any exposure of Arab students to western culture and values is likely to lead them to culture-shock, to political brainwashing, and even to a rejection of their own culture and identity. My belief, however, is that the real solution to cultural brainwashing and the Arab identity crisis is not censorship of cultural texts. A more fruitful defence against cultural indoctrination would be to draw Arab students' attention to how language works through unstated assumptions and to sensitize them to the working of ideology. This paper advances the claim that, because students are in any case in contact with western values, and not necessarily through textbooks, Arab scholars should help students develop a sense of "healthy criticism" and equip them with a "critical language awareness" and effective discourse patterns. For the implementation of this strategy, linguistic tools from the "Prague school of Linguistics" are considered, mainly 'Theme, 'Rheme', and 'Foregrounding'. Illustrative passages from President Dwight Eisenhower's "The Chance for Peace Speech" will be scrutinized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - Through Chinese experience, the purpose of this paper is to underpin the hypothesis of institutional change as cultural change. Design/methodology/approach - The paper compares Chinese postsocialist transformation to a chemical change reaction. So, the paper discerns initial conditions, factors which triggered the reaction, catalysts, and elements of synthesis. Chinese institutional change per se derived from a cultural shock induced by the economic, political, and cultural opening which acted as trigger. Then, it deals with the other elements of the process. Findings - The paper reveals that Chinese postsocialist transformation is based on change in values and mentalities particularly in the Chinese Communist Party. In this perspective, institutional change is not only an economic or a political process but also it is fundamentally cultural. Originality/value - This paper shows the process of postsocialist transformation in a different light. Whereas, economists often only focus on political considerations or conflicts of interests, it insists on the cultural dimension of the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the context of higher education, it is the international student who travels to another country to study who is typically identified as the subject at risk of culture shock. This paper attempts to go further by suggesting that international students studying in their home country with an overseas institution may also experience culture shock as an effect of this engagement. To support this contention, the paper reports findings of an interpretive case study of a group of masters’ degree students in Singapore taught by an Australian university in partnership with a local provider. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

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This study examines how students from rural areas in Bangladesh face particular challenges in adapting to university dormitories in urban areas. There has been an increase in the number of students migrating from rural areas of Bangladesh to the cities for pursuing higher studies. These students face numerous challenges to adapt themselves to a diverse and unfamiliar cultural setting of an urban university dormitory. Following Oberg's (1954, 1960) "culture shock" model, this study examines the adaptation challenges and coping strategies of rural students living at the urban university dormitories in Bangladesh. Mixed research methods, using paper-based questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, were used to collect data. Drawing upon a survey among 400 students and 10 in-depth interviews, this study identifies specific challenges that most students face in their adaptation process such as, substandard food quality, unhealthy accommodation, psychological trauma, depression and anxiety. The most effective coping mechanisms are fostering a positive attitude, joining social associations and talking to friends and families. It is expected that findings of this study would be useful for tertiary educational institutions to develop a support system that will help rural students better adapt to urban settings, which would positively contribute to their educational outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989 meant the cardinal breaking point for states in Central Europe which affected their diaspora in the same way. The Czech exile was not an exception. Some of its representatives came back to Czechoslovakia during the Velvet revolution and the most of its members returned to the country in 1990. The memories of the first re-entry to their former motherland constituted an important part of their life-stories. Did the "first-encounter" with freed Czechoslovakia influence their decision to come back permanently? The paper is based on the archival and oral sources which were obtained during field research in the Czech communities in Austria and Switzerland. The sources often described a process called „reverse culture shock" which formed unknown yet important chapter of the Czech exile in the second half of the 20th century. The disintegration of the Eastern Bloc in 1989 had a prompt and irreversible impact on the states in Central and Eastern Europe as well as on their diaspora. As soon as the Iron Curtain fell and borders to the East opened, thousands of former refugees, who had been living in the Western exile for decades, started returning home. This paper deals with homecoming of members of the Czech exile who settled in Austria and Switzerland. It compares the situation of the post-Prague Spring's refugees who did not manage to integrate into the hosting countries and came back to Czechoslovakia before the fall of the Iron Curtain to those who returned after the Velvet Revolution. Especially the returns in early 90s were accompanied with a phenomenon called in academic journals the "reverse culture shock" which experienced most of the Czech exile members. The aim of the paper was to describe and explain the term in a historical perspective by using the comparative and oral history methods. The data used in the paper were gathered during field research among Czech communities in Austrian and Switzerland which was conducted between 2011 and 2015. The research resulted in 34 recorded and transcribed interviews. The other important sources were archival materials from the Security Service Archive and other local archives of the Czech communities. The state propaganda played a key role in forming the negative stance of the Czech and Slovak society on the "treacherous emigration" which complicated relations between returned émigrés and majority after 1989. The reversed culture shock of the former refugees was caused not only by the joyless reality of their motherland in early 90s but it was generated by the negative attitude of the majority to the repatriates as well. The former refugees were at the time of their re-entry fully integrated into the Austrian or Swiss society. The return to Czechoslovakia and the reverse culture shock were in fact the last episodes of the decades-lasting integration process they had been undergoing in Austria and Switzerland. Homecoming had caused that the former Czech refugees realised their home was not in the Czechoslovakia any more. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to re-examine the use of the term “culture shock” in international management studies and cross-cultural research and to propose a paradigmatic shift in how the term is understood for future research. The experience of “culture shock” is an established concept within international management studies, engendering an industry of training designed to combat difficulties in relocation. This paper argues that the use of concept is based on a flawed understanding of “culture” and proposes an alternative perspective to help organisations prepare their employees for overseas assignments.Design/methodology/approach The paper opts for a critical review of literature to examine models of culture shock through time and theories relating to success factors in cross-cultural adjustment. In so doing, the paper revisits the notion of culture shock from a social constructionist perspective within a dialectical framework.Findings The paper challenges the notion of culture as an essential, reified concept, arguing that culture shock is not about culture, but about the dynamics of context and how individuals deal with life changes to navigate the challenges that they face.Research limitations/implications Future research should focus on context-related, interactive behaviour, framed in discourse processes, rather than predetermined a priori typologies based on cultural stereotypes. This would recognise the discursive nature of social interaction within a dialectical framework, where relational tension emerges as a result of disparity.Practical implications The paper contributes to an understanding of the complex range of factors influencing the success of relocation to guide international companies in their policies.Originality/value This paper proposes a paradigm shift in the treatment of culture shock towards a more discourse-based concept created through universal cultural and dialectical processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores research into how to get foreign students studying overseas engaged with their work and how to deal with psychological difficulties in their new environment which can affect the quality of their studies. The paper is based on a presentation to HEURO (The Association of Higher Education European Officers) at a conference on the topic of Re-imagining Mobility for the Post-Pandemic World. The paper discusses how our understanding of international cultures needs to change, the difficulties faced by foreign students settling into another country, the impact of culture shock and how to deal with it and how to manage when faced with reverse culture shock when returning to your own country.

This paper aims to discuss the re-emerged culture shock and psychological adjustment of Chinese students during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. The investigation shows that Chinese overseas students, who had acculturated to the American culture, have just experienced a more severe cultural shock than ever before. Reasons for this are various, in which the hatred and anti-Chinese sentiment and the misleading information contribute a lot. What is encouraging is that some students' culture shock has been alleviated slightly with the coming end of the pandemic. This study attempts to offer a perspective to critically reflect on the changes of the students' cultural adaptation resulting from the pandemic, as well as to reflect on how we can rethink, and accordingly, take measures to restore these students' confidence and help them have better contact with people from other cultures in this fast-changing complex world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the alleviation of the anxiety and culture shock of the international students in the U.S. academic libraries. It points out the international students' high level of motivation for success is in American academia. It notes the necessity for librarians to be aware of the differences between domestic and international students in their educational systems, class participation and academic success. Librarians are suggested to encourage international students to express themselves in their research papers and in class.

This paper examines how poor rural households in Myanmar cope with shocks which incur unexpected expenditure, namely, the sickness or death of a household member, using data collected in a fishing and farming village in Myanmar in 2008. The paper analyzes the sequence of coping strategies and the background factors behind the sequence. Self-insurance, the dissaving of assets or cash, is given priority over intra-party strategies, such as loans or gifts. The reason for this lies in the persistent severe credit constraints faced by households, both in terms of access and cost (high level of interest rates), and the absence of strong social norms for mutual insurance in the community. Both factors appear to force these households to self-insure themselves from the outset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Culture shock is a common phenomenon in the life of studying abroad. Universally, due to cultural differences in living habits, thinking mode, language level and other fields, Overseas Chinese students may experience four stages of cultural shock, namely euphoria, frustration, adjustment and adaptation, and reverse cultural shock. Each stage will have an impact on their physical and mental health. Therefore, it is necessary for overseas students who want to go abroad to master some countermeasures to adapt to cultural shock, so as to help them spend their overseas study life more smoothly and experience the least negative impact of cultural shock. Based on the cultural shock phenomenon reflected in the film "American dreams in China", this paper discusses the causes of cultural shock for Chinese overseas students and cultural adaptation tactics in intercultural communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students' emotions during stays abroad have mainly been treated as "culture shock", where difficulties are interpreted as universal "stages" towards "adaptation". This paper explores how students from different cultural and educational traditions experience studying abroad differently. The study presents a qualitative study of 18 Danish and Chinese students in Chinese and Danish universities and situates itself within the literature on culture shock, student emotions and study-abroad experiences. The study exposes the students' complex emotions throughout their studies abroad and explains how these emotions relate to processes of self-formation, professional and academic development, increase or decrease in freedom, and student agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to ask how exchange students retrospectively co-construct their first 'culture shock' experiences on a verbal, vocal, and visual plane. The results show that the different co-occurring levels of communication in the talk of the students offer various insights into cognitive processes: (1) Metaphorical and metonymical gestures are frequently used to represent or compress cultural dimensions in moments of high involvement and emphatic speech style. (2) Such gestures are also often historically and culturally embedded and may additionally serve to gain laughter from the co-participants in order to exaggerate the effect of cultural confrontation, underpinned by the use of prosodic cues. (3) Other prosodic means such as creaky voice may be used as a metaphorical marker for distance and represent therefore another type of cultural shock marker. (4) A dynamic understanding of blending theory might be a tool for laying cognitive processes of intercultural experiences open for the researcher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of adaptation to the socio-cultural realities of another country has been approached in several scientific studies that have had as research subject the adaptation to the cultural shock. Romanian migration, especially labour migration, has not been sufficiently analysed in order to observe the characteristic ways of Romanians to adapt after leaving their country of origin. This paper presents a series of observations, made in the research internships within the MIRO project, in comparison to the elements presented in the theories mentioned above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the rapid internationalization (mainly by Chinese students) of a business degree and its impact on one course in that degree programme. The purpose of the course is to develop reflective capabilities in students and the paper considers how staff involved in the course reflected on their own practice and made changes to the course to accommodate the new contingent of students from outside the host country. Initial perceptions by staff of the Chinese-originating students are described, as are tensions that emerged regarding the philosophical/cultural assumptions under-pinning the course. The paper shows how staff reconsidered their teaching practices and assessment tools and reports on an empirical study conducted to explore how students experienced the course's teaching methods and assessment. The course's reflective philosophy was adjusted to accommodate the new student cohort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International relations often cause culture shock not only for the foreigners visiting a country but also for the residents of that country. While nowadays this shock can be diminished by making people who move to another country become more aware of and understand the differences between cultures through all sorts of sources of information, this was not so easy at the end of the 19th century. In this paper, my intention is to bring to light the culture shock experienced by one of the first French persons to set foot in the Joseon Kingdom (current Korea) and by the first Korean woman who travelled to France at the turn of the 19th century. I will investigate some non-verbal elements of culture, such as artefacts, food, and habits, which often make foreigners feel frustrated and confused, becoming incapable of interacting in a meaningful way in the new culture. The framework I will use is the "culture shock model" put forward by Oberg (1954), according to which this phenomenon unfolds in 4 stages: the "honeymoon", the crisis, the adjustment, and the adaptation. The data is provided by Kyung-Sook Shin's (2007) novel, Yi Jin, based on a true story (translated into Romanian as Dansul privighetorii de primăvară, 2017, Humanitas), from which I have excerpted the most relevant fragments regarding the topic. The paper concludes with the idea that, at least in the time which creates the temporal backdrop of the investigated novel, the absence of intercultural encounters, the lack of solid information about each other's cultures as well as the different patterns of experience of the main characters lead to their estrangement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the issues related to global migration and national political agendas of certain countries in relation to immigration. Migration has affected each country in different ways but it tends to universally have social and political implications on such issues as national identity, governance, labor markets, and social transformation. Countries that are losing people to emigration may implement policies that try to stem the brain-drain and to ensure the diaspora population remains tied to the country of origin. Countries that are receiving immigrants are more likely to institute policies that will cause the shifting of cultural allegiances from the country of origin to the new country.

Purpose The article “Culture shocks” in inter-cultural service encounters was published in 1999. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the scientific discussion about this issue has developed and which open research questions are still awaiting solutions.Design/methodology/approach The main contributions of the original article are evaluated in the light of the current state of research. Simultaneously, the scientific development is commented on the basis of the original theoretical and empirical insights.Findings The original article belongs to those that initiated an extraordinary development of the research field. Aspects of inter-cultural encounters have found increasing attention in service marketing research. However, some fundamental problems of inter-cultural studies are still unresolved, and some of the theoretical and management oriented stimuli of the 1999 paper still seem worthy of consideration.Originality/value The retrospective analysis gives insight into the scientific development of the research on inter-cultural service encounters. It identifies relevant development lines, new perspectives and open questions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to explore intergenerational transmission of values in immigrant families, focusing on the mother–child relation. Drawing on qualitative interviews with women and young people of immigrant origin, the paper analyses how mothers and children negotiate parental styles on transmission of cultural values – the importance of language and religion. The following dimensions will be analysed: (1) the language: which language is spoken in the family – mother tongue or Italian – and how the mother tongue is transmitted to children; (2) the importance given to the meanings and the practices of religion that the family professes. For this purpose we are going to compare Asian and East European women and children living in different urban and rural contexts of the Lombardy region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Culture shock and acculturation are salient aspects of any international study trip. Over the years, many institutions have devised several strategies to help international students transition to life in the host country. However, most of these strategies are insensitive to diverse cultural or country specifics. Drawing from Social Learning Theory, this paper provides narratives from four former students from the West African country of Ghana and how they navigated the process of acculturation in their respective host nations. The narratives discuss their feelings during the study abroad trip, some of the challenges they faced, and personal as well as institutional strategies that aided in ameliorating the experience of culture shock. A few recommendations for Student Affairs Practitioners are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People make numerous health-related choices each day: For example, deciding to brush one's teeth or to eat well and healthy - or not to do these activities. To support complex decisions and subsequent behaviour change, both Behaviour Change Interventions (BCIs) and Patient Decision Aids (PtDAs) have been developed and evolved independently to support people in health-related decision making. In this paper, we critically review BCIs and PtDAs, examine their similarities and differences, and identify potential for integration of expertise to increase the benefits for people engaging with healthcare and health behaviours. The two approaches appear to mainly differ in terms of their (1) goals and foci, (2) theoretical basis, (3) development frameworks, (4) active ingredients and (5) effect evaluation. To facilitate the integration of scientific insights from these two fields, we recommend to (1) bring both fields together and promote interprofessional discussions, (2) train (health) professionals to recognise strengths of both approaches, (3) investigate the synergy of the two fields, (4) be prepared for and try to mitigate a culture shock when the fields start to interact. Knowledge generated by researching PtDAs could be used to facilitate decisional processes that enable patients to choose goals that are in line with their values and preferences, while insights from researching BCIs could be used to facilitate engagement with, and implementation of those goals. This integration could allow researchers and intervention providers to increase the benefits for people engaging with healthcare and health behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The knowledge of and experience with culture shock and intercultural communication come under analysis in this autoethnography of a U.S.-American faculty member's Fulbright teaching experience in Uzbekistan. As a relatively new country couched under the blanket of Russian and Chinese influence, Uzbekistan strives to shift its economy, language, and geopolitical connections toward the West. Cultural knowledge about Uzbekistan is likewise still hidden behind the Uzbek and Russian languages, leaving English speakers from the West with few resources to engage in predeparture uncertainty reduction. This manuscript chronicles the early days of a sojourn of a faculty member who had cognitive knowledge of intercultural communication concepts but had no immersion experiences in which to test her abilities to adapt. Anxiety uncertainty management theory offers some insight into the culture shock and adaptation experienced by this faculty member. The study benefits teachers who may enter this or similar cultures, teachers who instruct with an interpreter, and anyone seeking cultural information about Uzbekistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2018, against a backdrop of post-truth politics, celebrity culture and shock journalism, Chris Bush and Matt Winkworth premiered their fake verbatim musical, The Assassination of Katie Hopkins. This musical explored the ramifications of the fictionalized death of the notorious tabloid-topper Hopkins, while questioning the authenticity of the verbatim form. In doing so, the creators considered new possibilities for musical theatre. This article will explore Bush and Winkworth's attempt to critique the cultural and political landscape, using the already ethically complex vehicle of verbatim theatre. It will consider the musical in relation to the political promiscuity of performance and slippage between the polarities of an ever-changing political spectrum. It will consider Jannerone's concept of vanguard performance and explore the performative responses to the musical about Hopkins in the alt-right press. As we question dominant ideologies within musical theatre and embrace the sense of being, at all times, 'post-something', this article considers how writers can document this time of interregnum to reflect a world where 'change is the only permanence, and uncertainty the only certainty'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our global village, distance is not a barrier anymore for traveling. People experience new cultures and face accompanying difficulties in order to live anywhere. Social support can help these sojourners to cope with difficulties, such as culture shock. In this paper, we investigate how computer-mediated communication (CMC) tools can facilitate social support when living physically separated from loved-ones in different cultures. The goal is to understand the design considerations necessary to design new CMC tools. We studied communication practices of Chinese sojourners living in the Netherlands and the use of a technology probe with a novel video communication system. These results led to recommendations which can help designers to design interactive communication tools that facilitate communication across cultures. We conclude the paper with an interactive communication device called Circadian, which was designed based on these recommendations. We experienced the design recommendations to be abstract enough to leave space for creativity while providing a set of clear requirements which we used to base design decisions upon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Cadernos EBAPE.BR is the property of Fundacao Getulio Vargas, Escola Brasileira de Administracao Publica e de Empresas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Workshops on the research process and plagiarism were designed to meet the needs of international students at the University at Albany. The research process workshop covered formulating research questions, as well as locating and evaluating sources. The plagiarism workshop focused on acknowledging sources, quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing materials, citation styles, and avoiding plagiarism. The effectiveness of the workshops was measured by administering pre-and post-tests and by interviewing students several months after the workshops. The results showed that students achieved significant improvement for both the research process and plagiarism by attending the training, and they continued to apply new skills several months later. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of most notable features of existing body of research in transition seems to be the absence of a theoretical model. The suggestion we present in this paper—to view and understand the high school to university transition in mathematics as a modern-day rite of passage—is an attempt at defining such framework. Although dominantly reflecting North-American reality, we believe that the model could be found useful in other countries as well. Let us emphasize that our model is not new in the sense that it recognizes the transition as such. In this paper, we try to determine whether (and, if so, how) the notion of a rite of passage—which is a wellunderstood concept in anthropology, as well as in some other disciplines (e.g. culture shock in cultural studies)—can help us understand mathematics transition issues better. Can it help us systematize existing body of research, and enhance our understanding of transition in mathematics; does it point at something new? We believe so, and by elaborating some traditional aspects of rites of passage, we hope to provide a useful lens through which we can examine the process of transition in mathematics, and make suggestions for improved management of some transitional issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]