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The focus of this paper is on achieving a win-win situation regarding the economic, environmental, and social impacts of the cold chain logistics terminal distribution system. This paper proposes three multi-objective models to investigate the above effects by incorporating soft time windows, heterogeneous fleets, and path flexibility, with defining the objectives of examining logistics costs, fuel consumption, carbon emissions, quality damage to perishable commodities, and customer satisfaction using six evaluation functions. To solve the proposed models, an efficient optimization framework is developed by combining domain operators with versatile multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEA) to obtain Pareto solutions. Extensive experiments are conducted to test the validity of the concerned model and algorithms. The results demonstrate that: (1) the proposed algorithm is effective in solving the proposed model; (2) the proposed multi-path strategy can effectively improve the performance of cold-chain logistics systems compared to single-path strategies; (3) evaluation functions that assess customer satisfaction greatly affect the performance of cold-chain logistics systems; and (4) the trade-off relationship between the objectives should be investigated to define the model. The paper also provides valuable managerial insights for improving the efficiency and sustainability of cold-chain logistics operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to violent market competition and demand for low-carbon economy, cold chain logistics companies have to pay attention to customer satisfaction and carbon emission for better development. In this paper, a biobjective mathematical model is established for cold chain logistics network in consideration of economic, social, and environmental benefits; in other words, the total cost and distribution period of cold chain logistics are optimized, while the total cost consists of cargo damage cost, refrigeration cost of refrigeration equipment, transportation cost, fuel consumption cost, penalty cost of time window, and operation cost of distribution centres. One multiobjective hyperheuristic optimization framework is proposed to address this multiobjective problem. In the framework, four selection strategies and four acceptance criteria for solution set are proposed to improve the performance of the multiobjective hyperheuristic framework. As known from a comparative study, the proposed algorithm had better overall performance than NSGA-II. Furthermore, instances of cold chain logistics are modelled and solved, and the resulting Pareto solution set offers diverse options for a decision maker to select an appropriate cold chain logistics distribution network in the interest of the logistics company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a low-carbon location routing problem (LCLRP) model with simultaneous delivery and pick up, time windows, and heterogeneous fleets to reduce the logistics cost and carbon emissions and improve customer satisfaction. The correctness of the model is tested by a simple example of CPLEX (optimization software for mathematical programming). To solve this problem, a hyper-heuristic algorithm is designed based on a secondary exponential smoothing strategy and adaptive receiving mechanism. The algorithm can achieve fast convergence and is highly robust. This case study analyzes the impact of depot distribution and cost, heterogeneous fleets (HF), and customer distribution and time windows on logistics costs, carbon emissions, and customer satisfaction. The experimental results show that the proposed model can reduce logistics costs by 1.72%, carbon emissions by 11.23%, and vehicle travel distance by 9.69%, and show that the proposed model has guiding significance for reducing logistics costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]