15 results on '"Thomson, Rachel"'
Search Results
2. A systematic review of the clinical impact of small colony variants in patients with cystic fibrosis.
- Author
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Ryan H, Ballard E, Stockwell RE, Duplancic C, Thomson RM, Smith K, and Bell SC
- Subjects
- Humans, Staphylococcus aureus, Patients, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Culture Media, Cystic Fibrosis
- Abstract
Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-limiting disorder that is characterised by respiratory tract inflammation that is mediated by a range of microbial pathogens. Small colony variants (SCVs) of common respiratory pathogens are being increasingly recognised in CF. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the prevalence of SCVs, clinical characteristics and health outcomes for patients with CF, and laboratory diagnostic features of SCVs compared to non-small colony variants (NCVs) for a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative respiratory pathogens., Methods: A literature search was conducted (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Scopus) in April 2020 to identify articles of interest. Data pertaining to demographic characteristics of participants, diagnostic criteria of SCVs, SCV prevalence and impact on lung function were extracted from included studies for analysis., Results: Twenty-five of 673 studies were included in the systematic review. Individuals infected with SCVs of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were more likely to have had prior use of the broad-spectrum antibiotic trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (p < 0.001), and the prevalence of SCVs in patients infected with S. aureus was estimated to be 19.3% (95% CI: 13.5% to 25.9%). Additionally, patients infected with SCVs of Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens were identified to have a lower forced expiratory volume in one second percentage predicted (-16.8, 95% CI: -23.2 to -10.4) than those infected by NCVs. Gram-positive SCVs were commonly described as small and non-haemolytic, grown on Mannitol salt or blood agar for 24 h at 35°C and confirmed using tube coagulase testing., Conclusion: The findings of this systematic review demonstrate that SCVs of S. aureus have a high prevalence in the CF community, and that the occurrence of SCVs in Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens is linked to poorer respiratory function. Further investigation is necessary to determine the effect of infection by SCVs on the CF population., (© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
3. Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Cystic Fibrosis in the Era of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator Modulators.
- Author
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Burke A, Thomson RM, Wainwright CE, and Bell SC
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- Humans, Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator genetics, Cystic Fibrosis drug therapy, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous diagnosis, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous drug therapy, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous epidemiology
- Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a group of mycobacteria which represent opportunistic pathogens that are of increasing concern in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). The acquisition has been traditionally though to be from environmental sources, though recent work has suggested clustered clonal infections do occur and transmission potential demonstrated among pwCF attending CF specialist centers. Guidelines for the screening, diagnosis, and identification of NTM and management of pwCF have been published. The emergence of CF-specific therapies, in particular cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) modulator drugs, have led to significant improvement in the health and well-being of pwCF and may lead to challenges in sampling the lower respiratory tract including to screen for NTM. This review highlights the epidemiology, modes of acquisition, screening and diagnosis, therapeutic approaches in the context of improved clinical status for pwCF, and the clinical application of CFTR modulator therapies., Competing Interests: None declared., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Clinical Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Considerations in the Drug Treatment of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria in Cystic Fibrosis.
- Author
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Burke A, Smith D, Coulter C, Bell SC, Thomson R, and Roberts JA
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- Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Humans, Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, Cystic Fibrosis drug therapy, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous drug therapy, Pharmaceutical Preparations
- Abstract
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are an emerging group of pulmonary infectious pathogens of increasing importance to the management of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). NTM include slow-growing mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and rapidly growing mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium abscessus. The incidence of NTM in the CF population is increasing and infection contributes to significant morbidity to the patient and costs to the health system. Treating M. abscessus requires the combination of multiple costly antibiotics for months, with potentially significant toxicity associated with treatment. Although international guidelines for the treatment of NTM infection in CF are available, there are a lack of robust pharmacokinetic studies in CF patients to inform dosing and drug choice. This paper aims to outline the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors informing the optimal treatment of NTM infections in CF., (© 2021. Crown.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Inhaled therapies for NTM disease - The way forward?
- Author
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Thomson R
- Subjects
- Aerosols, Clofazimine, Humans, Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, Cystic Fibrosis, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous
- Published
- 2019
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6. Emergence and spread of a human-transmissible multidrug-resistant nontuberculous mycobacterium.
- Author
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Bryant JM, Grogono DM, Rodriguez-Rincon D, Everall I, Brown KP, Moreno P, Verma D, Hill E, Drijkoningen J, Gilligan P, Esther CR, Noone PG, Giddings O, Bell SC, Thomson R, Wainwright CE, Coulter C, Pandey S, Wood ME, Stockwell RE, Ramsay KA, Sherrard LJ, Kidd TJ, Jabbour N, Johnson GR, Knibbs LD, Morawska L, Sly PD, Jones A, Bilton D, Laurenson I, Ruddy M, Bourke S, Bowler IC, Chapman SJ, Clayton A, Cullen M, Daniels T, Dempsey O, Denton M, Desai M, Drew RJ, Edenborough F, Evans J, Folb J, Humphrey H, Isalska B, Jensen-Fangel S, Jönsson B, Jones AM, Katzenstein TL, Lillebaek T, MacGregor G, Mayell S, Millar M, Modha D, Nash EF, O'Brien C, O'Brien D, Ohri C, Pao CS, Peckham D, Perrin F, Perry A, Pressler T, Prtak L, Qvist T, Robb A, Rodgers H, Schaffer K, Shafi N, van Ingen J, Walshaw M, Watson D, West N, Whitehouse J, Haworth CS, Harris SR, Ordway D, Parkhill J, and Floto RA
- Subjects
- Animals, Communicable Diseases, Emerging epidemiology, Communicable Diseases, Emerging pathology, Communicable Diseases, Emerging transmission, Cystic Fibrosis epidemiology, Cystic Fibrosis pathology, Genome, Bacterial, Genomics, Humans, Incidence, Lung microbiology, Lung pathology, Mice, Mice, SCID, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous epidemiology, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous pathology, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous transmission, Nontuberculous Mycobacteria genetics, Nontuberculous Mycobacteria isolation & purification, Phylogeny, Pneumonia, Bacterial epidemiology, Pneumonia, Bacterial microbiology, Pneumonia, Bacterial pathology, Pneumonia, Bacterial transmission, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Communicable Diseases, Emerging microbiology, Cystic Fibrosis microbiology, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous microbiology, Nontuberculous Mycobacteria classification
- Abstract
Lung infections with Mycobacterium abscessus, a species of multidrug-resistant nontuberculous mycobacteria, are emerging as an important global threat to individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), in whom M. abscessus accelerates inflammatory lung damage, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Previously, M. abscessus was thought to be independently acquired by susceptible individuals from the environment. However, using whole-genome analysis of a global collection of clinical isolates, we show that the majority of M. abscessus infections are acquired through transmission, potentially via fomites and aerosols, of recently emerged dominant circulating clones that have spread globally. We demonstrate that these clones are associated with worse clinical outcomes, show increased virulence in cell-based and mouse infection models, and thus represent an urgent international infection challenge., (Copyright © 2016, American Association for the Advancement of Science.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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7. Carriage and Transmission of Macrolide Resistance Genes in Patients With Chronic Respiratory Conditions and Their Close Contacts.
- Author
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Wang, Yiming, Taylor, Steven L., Choo, Jocelyn M., Papanicolas, Lito E., Keating, Rebecca, Hindmarsh, Kate, Thomson, Rachel M., Morgan, Lucy, Rogers, Geraint B., and Burr, Lucy D.
- Subjects
GENETIC transformation ,HORIZONTAL gene transfer ,CHRONIC diseases ,FECAL microbiota transplantation ,GENE therapy ,POLYMERASE chain reaction ,GENES ,IMPACT of Event Scale ,DRUG resistance in microorganisms ,ANTIBIOTICS ,MACROLIDE antibiotics ,OROPHARYNX ,PHARMACODYNAMICS - Abstract
Background: Long-term macrolide therapy has been shown to provide benefit to those with a range of chronic respiratory conditions. However, concerns remain about the impact of macrolide exposure on the carriage and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes within the oropharynx. The potential for onward transmission of resistance from macrolide recipients to their close contacts also is poorly understood.Research Question: Does long-term macrolide use impact carriage of resistance within the oropharyngeal microbiota in people with chronic respiratory conditions and risk of onward transmission to their close contacts?Study Design and Methods: Oropharyngeal swabs were collected from 93 individuals with chronic respiratory conditions, 53 of whom were receiving long-term macrolide therapy. An oropharyngeal swab also was collected from a close cohabiting contact of each patient. Detection and abundance of 10 macrolide-associated resistance genes with the potential to disseminate via horizontal gene transfer were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis.Results: Detection of resistance genes in macrolide recipients was comparable with that in nonrecipients. However, the normalized gene abundance of erm(B) was significantly higher in the macrolide recipient group (P = .045). Among the close contacts, no between-group differences in resistance gene detection or abundance were identified. Within-group analysis showed that the detection of erm(F) and mef in macrolide recipients, but not nonrecipients, was associated significantly with detection in close contacts (P = .003 and P = .004, respectively). However, between-group analysis showed that treatment group did not predict cocarriage between patients and their close contacts (P > .05 for each gene).Interpretation: Although levels of erm(B) were higher in those receiving long-term macrolide therapy and evidence of gene cocarriage with close contacts was found, no evidence was found that macrolide use increased the onward transmission risk to their close contacts. This study therefore addresses concerns that long-term macrolide therapy could promote the dissemination of transmissible macrolide resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Population-level genomics identifies the emergence and global spread of a human transmissible multidrug-resistant nontuberculous mycobacterium
- Author
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Bryant, Josephine M, Grogono, Dorothy M, Rodriguez-Rincon, Daniela, Everall, Isobel, Brown, Karen P, Moreno, Pablo, Verma, Deepshikha, Hill, Emily, Drijkoningen, Judith, Gilligan, Peter, Esther, Charles R, Noone, Peadar G, Giddings, Olivia, Bell, Scott C., Thomson, Rachel, Wainwright, Claire E., Coulter, Chris, Pandey, Sushil, Wood, Michelle E, Stockwell, Rebecca E, Ramsay, Kay A, Sherrard, Laura J, Kidd, Timothy J, Jabbour, Nassib, Johnson, Graham R, Knibbs, Luke D, Morawska, Lidia, Sly, Peter D, Jones, Andrew, Bilton, Diana, Laurenson, Ian, Ruddy, Michael, Bourke, Stephen, Bowler, Ian CJW, Chapman, Stephen J, Clayton, Andrew, Cullen, Mairi, Daniels, Thomas, Dempsey, Owen, Denton, Miles, Desai, Maya, Drew, Richard J, Edenborough, Frank, Evans, Jason, Folb, Jonathan, Humphrey, Helen, Isalska, Barbara, Jensen-Fangel, Søren, Jönsson, Bodil, Jones, Andrew M., Katzenstein, Terese L, Lillebaek, Troels, MacGregor, Gordon, Mayell, Sarah, Millar, Michael, Modha, Deborah, Nash, Edward F, O’Brien, Christopher, O’Brien, Deirdre, Ohri, Chandra, Pao, Caroline S, Peckham, Daniel, Perrin, Felicity, Perry, Audrey, Pressler, Tania, Prtak, Laura, Qvist, Tavs, Robb, Ali, Rodgers, Helen, Schaffer, Kirsten, Shafi, Nadia, van Ingen, Jakko, Walshaw, Martin, Watson, Danie, West, Noreen, Whitehouse, Joanna, Haworth, Charles S, Harris, Simon R, Ordway, Diane, Parkhill, Julian, and Floto, R. Andres
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Cystic Fibrosis ,Incidence ,Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous ,Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ,Genomics ,Mice, SCID ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,Communicable Diseases, Emerging ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Article ,Mice ,Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ,Pneumonia, Bacterial ,bacteria ,Animals ,Humans ,Lung ,Genome, Bacterial ,Phylogeny - Abstract
Lung infections with Mycobacterium abscessus, a species of multidrug-resistant nontuberculous mycobacteria, are emerging as an important global threat to individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), in whom M. abscessus accelerates inflammatory lung damage, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Previously, M. abscessus was thought to be independently acquired by susceptible individuals from the environment. However, using whole-genome analysis of a global collection of clinical isolates, we show that the majority of M. abscessus infections are acquired through transmission, potentially via fomites and aerosols, of recently emerged dominant circulating clones that have spread globally. We demonstrate that these clones are associated with worse clinical outcomes, show increased virulence in cell-based and mouse infection models, and thus represent an urgent international infection challenge.
- Published
- 2016
9. Management of Australian Adults with Bronchiectasis in Tertiary Care: Evidence-Based or Access-Driven?
- Author
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Visser, Simone K., Bye, Peter T. P., Fox, Greg J., Burr, Lucy D., Chang, Anne B., Holmes-Liew, Chien-Li, King, Paul, Middleton, Peter G., Maguire, Graeme P., Smith, Daniel, Thomson, Rachel M., Stroil-Salama, Enna, Britton, Warwick J., and Morgan, Lucy C.
- Subjects
BRONCHIECTASIS ,TERTIARY care ,ADULTS ,BACTERIAL cultures ,CYSTIC fibrosis - Abstract
Purpose: Australian data regarding the management of patients with bronchiectasis is scarce. We sought to compare the management of adults with bronchiectasis attending tertiary Australian centres with recent national and international guidelines. Methods: The Australian Bronchiectasis Registry is a centralised database of patients with radiologically confirmed bronchiectasis unrelated to cystic fibrosis recruited from 14 tertiary Australian hospitals. We excluded children (<18 years) and those with incomplete data, leaving 589 adults for cross-sectional analyses. We compared the proportion of patients receiving certain therapies, as compared to the proportion eligible for those treatments according to the current guidelines and baseline clinical information available from the registry. Results: Pulmonary rehabilitation was attended by 22%, although it was indicated in 67% of the cohort. Airway clearance was undertaken in 52% of patients, although 71% reported chronic productive cough. Sputum bacterial culture results were available for 59%, and mycobacterial culture results were available for 29% of the cohort. Inhaled antibiotics were used in half of potentially eligible patients. Despite guideline recommendations against routine use, inhaled corticosteroids were used in 48% of patients. Long-term macrolides were used in 28% of participants. Conclusions: Discrepancies exist between guideline recommendations and real-world treatment of bronchiectasis in Australia, even in tertiary centres. These findings suggest the need for increased patient referral to pulmonary rehabilitation, increased attention to airway clearance, increased collection of sputum samples (especially for mycobacterial culture) and rationalisation of inhaled corticosteroid use. These findings encourage a review of treatment access and will inform ongoing education to promote evidence-based care for people living with bronchiectasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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10. Multi‐centre ethics and research governance review can impede non‐interventional clinical research.
- Author
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Duplancic, Christine, Crough, Tania, Bell, Scott C., Thomson, Rachel, Wainwright, Claire, Clements, Archie, Floto, Andres, Rogers, Geraint, Sly, Peter, Burr, Lucy, Feather, Iain, Moloney, Susan, Grimwood, Keith, Bye, Peter, Belessis, Yvonne, Selvadurai, Hiran, Schultz, Andre, Mulrennan, Siobhain, Stock, David, and Beggs, Sean
- Subjects
CYSTIC fibrosis ,ETHICS committees ,MEDICAL cooperation ,MEDICAL protocols ,MEDICAL research ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH ethics ,INSTITUTIONAL review boards ,PARTICIPANT-researcher relationships - Abstract
Background: The inter‐jurisdictional National Mutual Acceptance (NMA) scheme for Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) approvals of human research is designed to reduce the reported delays and costs of ethical review. Introduction of the NMA set forth an uncoupling of the ethics and governance review processes, permitting a single ethical review for multiple sites, while continuing separate governance review for each centre covering financial and operational aspects of the research project. Aim: To compare the time required to gain ethics and governance approvals in Australia for a non‐interventional investigator‐led study from December 2015 to approval times for an earlier pre‐NMA study utilising a similar study design and study sites and evaluate the effect that the NMA has had on total approval time for non‐interventional multi‐centre projects. Methods: We recorded the time taken to obtain ethics and governance approval at 16 sites for our nationwide low‐risk non‐interventional study looking at the prevalence and aetiology of non‐tuberculous mycobacterial infection in people with cystic fibrosis in Australia. Results: Applications were submitted to three hospitals and one university HREC to conduct our study at 16 hospital sites, HREC approval took from 16 to 79 days (median 28). Subsequent site‐specific governance approval at 15 hospital sites took 23–225 days (median 83). The entire process of gaining ethical and governance approval to conduct the study at 16 sites took 24 months at an estimated cost of AU$56000 (US$ 42 000). Conclusion: Lengthy governance approval processes negate benefits gained from centralised ethics review under the NMA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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11. Anomalies in T Cell Function Are Associated With Individuals at Risk of Mycobacterium abscessus Complex Infection.
- Author
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Lutzky, Viviana P., Ratnatunga, Champa N., Smith, Daniel J., Kupz, Andreas, Doolan, Denise L., Reid, David W., Thomson, Rachel M., Bell, Scott C., and Miles, John J.
- Subjects
MYCOBACTERIAL diseases ,T cells ,DISEASE incidence ,DISEASE risk factors ,PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
The increasing global incidence and prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection is of growing concern. New evidence of person-to-person transmission of multidrug-resistant NTM adds to the global concern. The reason why certain individuals are at risk of NTM infections is unknown. Using high definition flow cytometry, we studied the immune profiles of two groups that are at risk of Mycobacterium abscessus complex infection and matched controls. The first group was cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and the second group was elderly individuals. CF individuals with active M. abscessus complex infection or a history of M. abscessus complex infection exhibited a unique surface T cell phenotype with a marked global deficiency in TNFα production during mitogen stimulation. Importantly, immune-based signatures were identified that appeared to predict at baseline the subset of CF individuals who were at risk of M. abscessus complex infection. In contrast, elderly individuals with M. abscessus complex infection exhibited a separate T cell phenotype underlined by the presence of exhaustion markers and dysregulation in type 1 cytokine release during mitogen stimulation. Collectively, these data suggest an association between T cell signatures and individuals at risk of M. abscessus complex infection, however, validation of these immune anomalies as robust biomarkers will require analysis on larger patient cohorts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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12. Notification of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria: An Australian Perspective.
- Author
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Thomson, Rachel, Donnan, Ellen, and Konstantinos, Anastasios
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TUBERCULOSIS epidemiology ,CYSTIC fibrosis ,DEMOGRAPHY ,DRUG resistance in microorganisms ,MYCOBACTERIAL diseases ,MYCOBACTERIUM ,PUBLIC health ,PHENOMENOLOGICAL biology ,PUBLIC health surveillance ,DISEASE complications ,LAW - Abstract
In Queensland, Australia, all cases of mycobacterial infection (tuberculosis [TB] and nontuberculous mycobacteria [NTM]) are notifiable under the Queensland Public Health Act (2005). This process originally emerged to avoid NTM confounding with notification of cases of TB, but has facilitated awareness of the increasing incidence and changing epidemiology of NTM. Although initially not a public health priority, the notification process has facilitated research that has led to an appreciation of both public health and environmental health issues associated with these pathogens. When reports of NTM infections were low in frequency, reporting was managed largely by clinicians specializing in TB. However, as reports of NTM isolates surpassed those for TB, the workload associated with clinical reporting exceeded resources. The Communicable Diseases Branch transitioned to digital reporting of laboratory isolates of mycobacteria, thereby enabling weekly and quarterly reporting of data, and generation of more detailed annual reports. The reports now include species and geographic distributions by health service district, allowing identification of clusters requiring further investigation and systematic reviews of different species. With ecological and climate change, the distribution and virulence of these emerging pathogens are evolving. Evidence of transmission of highly virulent and antibiotic-resistant clones of Mycobacterium abscessus among patients with cystic fibrosis internationally heightens the need for timely reporting to public health authorities. Ongoing systematic monitoring by public health authorities will be crucial to our understanding of NTM diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Dissemination of Mycobacterium abscessus via global transmission networks
- Author
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Ruis, Christopher, Bryant, Josephine M, Bell, Scott C, Thomson, Rachel, Davidson, Rebecca M, Hasan, Nabeeh A, Van Ingen, Jakko, Strong, Michael, Floto, R Andres, and Parkhill, Julian
- Subjects
Smokers ,Cystic Fibrosis ,Mycobacterium abscessus ,Mutation ,Humans ,Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous ,Global Health ,Lung ,Genome, Bacterial ,Phylogeny ,3. Good health - Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus, a multidrug-resistant nontuberculous mycobacterium, has emerged as a major pathogen affecting people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Although originally thought to be acquired independently from the environment, most individuals are infected with one of several dominant circulating clones (DCCs), indicating the presence of global transmission networks of M. abscessus. How and when these clones emerged and spread globally is unclear. Here, we use evolutionary analyses of isolates from individuals both with and without CF to reconstruct the population history, spatiotemporal spread and recent transmission networks of the DCCs. We demonstrate synchronous expansion of six unrelated DCCs in the 1960s, a period associated with major changes in CF care and survival. Each of these clones has spread globally as a result of rare intercontinental transmission events. We show that the DCCs, but not environmentally acquired isolates, exhibit a specific smoking-associated mutational signature and that current transmission networks include individuals both with and without CF. We therefore propose that the DCCs initially emerged in non-CF populations but were then amplified and spread through the CF community. While individuals with CF are probably the most permissive host, non-CF individuals continue to play a key role in transmission networks and may facilitate long-distance transmission.
14. In vitro susceptibility testing of imipenem-relebactam and tedizolid against 102 Mycobacterium abscessus isolates.
- Author
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Burke, Andrew, Carter, Robyn, Tolson, Carla, Congdon, Jacob, Duplancic, Christine, Bursle, Evan, Bell, Scott C., Roberts, Jason A., and Thomson, Rachel
- Subjects
- *
BRONCHIECTASIS , *MYCOBACTERIUM , *EMERGING infectious diseases , *CYSTIC fibrosis , *OFF-label use (Drugs) , *LUNG diseases - Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is an emerging infection in people living with lung diseases, including cystic fibrosis (CF) and bronchiectasis, and it has limited treatment options and low cure rates. The off-label use of novel antibiotics developed for other bacterial pathogens offers potential new therapeutic options. We aimed to describe the in vitro activity of imipenem, imipenem-relebactam and tedizolid against comparator antibiotics in M. abscessus isolates from Australian patients with and without CF. We performed susceptibility testing for imipenem-relebactam, tedizolid and comparator antibiotics by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria against 102 clinical M. abscessus isolates, including 46 from people with CF. In this study, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) of imipenem-relebactam was one-fold dilution less than of imipenem alone. The MIC 50 and MIC 90 of imipenem-relebactam were 8 and 16 mg/L, respectively, whereas for imipenem they were 16 and 32 mg/L. Tedizolid had an MIC 50 and MIC 90 of 2 and 4 mg/L, respectively. Forty non-CF isolates had linezolid susceptibility performed, with MIC 50 and MIC 90 values of 16 and 32 mg/L, respectively, measured. This study shows lower MICs for imipenem-relebactam and tedizolid compared to other more commonly used antibiotics and supports their consideration in clinical trials for M. abscessus treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Dissemination of Mycobacterium abscessus via global transmission networks
- Author
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Scott C. Bell, Nabeeh A. Hasan, Michael J. Strong, Julian Parkhill, Christopher Ruis, Josephine M. Bryant, Jakko van Ingen, Rachel Thomson, R. Andres Floto, Rebecca M. Davidson, Floto, Andres [0000-0002-2188-5659], Parkhill, Julian [0000-0002-7069-5958], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Ruis, Christopher [0000-0003-0977-5534], Bell, Scott C. [0000-0001-8651-7139], Thomson, Rachel [0000-0003-0686-171X], Davidson, Rebecca M. [0000-0001-7091-7963], Hasan, Nabeeh A. [0000-0001-7359-5680], Strong, Michael [0000-0002-3247-6260], and Floto, R. Andres [0000-0002-2188-5659]
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,Cystic Fibrosis ,631/326/325/2482 ,Immunology ,Population ,Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous ,45/23 ,Mycobacterium abscessus ,Global Health ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Microbiology ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,law ,Bacterial genetics ,Genetics ,Humans ,Genetic variation ,education ,Lung ,Pathogen ,Phylogeny ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,education.field_of_study ,Smokers ,45 ,biology ,631/326/421 ,030306 microbiology ,Recent transmission ,article ,Cell Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Clone Cells ,3. Good health ,Nontuberculous mycobacterium ,lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 4] ,Transmission (mechanics) ,Mutation ,Pathogens ,631/181/457/649 ,Genome, Bacterial - Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus, a multidrug-resistant nontuberculous mycobacterium, has emerged as a major pathogen affecting people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Although originally thought to be acquired independently from the environment, most individuals are infected with one of several dominant circulating clones (DCCs), indicating the presence of global transmission networks of M. abscessus. How and when these clones emerged and spread globally is unclear. Here, we use evolutionary analyses of isolates from individuals both with and without CF to reconstruct the population history, spatiotemporal spread and recent transmission networks of the DCCs. We demonstrate synchronous expansion of six unrelated DCCs in the 1960s, a period associated with major changes in CF care and survival. Each of these clones has spread globally as a result of rare intercontinental transmission events. We show that the DCCs, but not environmentally acquired isolates, exhibit a specific smoking-associated mutational signature and that current transmission networks include individuals both with and without CF. We therefore propose that the DCCs initially emerged in non-CF populations but were then amplified and spread through the CF community. While individuals with CF are probably the most permissive host, non-CF individuals continue to play a key role in transmission networks and may facilitate long-distance transmission., In this Article, the authors perform evolutionary analyses of M. abscessus clinical isolates and report the emergence of dominant circulating clones (DCCs) in non-cystic fibrosis (CF) individuals followed by amplification in the CF community.
- Published
- 2021
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