29 results on '"Cyst Fluid chemistry"'
Search Results
2. Application of endoscopic ultrasound-guided-fine needle aspiration combined with cyst fluid analysis for the diagnosis of mediastinal cystic lesions.
- Author
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Zhao Y, Wang R, Wang Y, Chen Q, Chen L, Hou W, Liu L, Gao W, and Cheng B
- Subjects
- Cysts classification, Cysts diagnostic imaging, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Mediastinum diagnostic imaging, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Cyst Fluid chemistry, Cysts diagnosis, Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration methods, Mediastinum pathology
- Abstract
Background: Mediastinal cystic lesions account for approximately 15-20% of all mediastinal masses and are difficult to differentiate because of similar imaging manifestation. The aim of this study was to differentiate mediastinum cystic lesions through endoscopic ultrasound-guided-fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) and parameters from cyst-fluid analysis., Methods: Over a period of eight years, 37 patients suspected with mediastinal cystic lesions were assessed. Cyst fluid was collected via EUS-FNA and further examined using cytological and biochemical techniques. Definitive diagnosis was established based on cytology, surgical pathology, and/or clinical follow-up., Results: Based on the final pathological reports or long-term follow-up, 19 patients were diagnosed with benign cysts, 14 with benign or malignant tumors, 2 with tuberculosis, 1 with an abscess, and 1 with a pancreatic pseudocyst. Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging mistakenly distinguished eight cases as solid masses (27.03%), but EUS revealed cystic characteristics. Carcinoembryonic antigen and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were evaluated from the cyst fluid obtained by EUS-FNA. There was no statistically significant difference in carcinoembryonic antigen values between benign and malignant cysts; however the average LDH value in the malignancy group was significantly higher than in the benign group., Conclusion: EUS-FNA showed great potential for differentiating mediastinal lesions by combining imaging manifestation and cytological examination. The elevated LDH value from cyst fluid chemical analysis could be used as an auxiliary indicator for diagnosing malignancy., (© 2018 The Authors. Thoracic Cancer published by China Lung Oncology Group and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)
- Published
- 2019
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3. Urine-Filled Large Prostatic Cystic Structure in Two Unrelated Male Miniature Dachshunds.
- Author
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McGill J, Thieman Mankin KM, Parambeth JC, Edwards J, and Cook A
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- Animals, Cysts pathology, Cysts surgery, Dog Diseases congenital, Dog Diseases surgery, Dog Diseases urine, Dogs, Euthanasia, Animal, Laparotomy veterinary, Male, Prostatic Diseases congenital, Prostatic Diseases pathology, Prostatic Diseases surgery, Recurrence, Cyst Fluid chemistry, Cysts veterinary, Dog Diseases pathology, Prostatic Diseases veterinary, Urine
- Abstract
A 1 yr old intact male miniature dachshund presented for posturing to urinate without voiding and nocturia. Physical examination revealed congenital reproductive abnormalities and a fluid-filled structure caudal to the urinary bladder. The dog was diagnosed with a prostatic cyst and underwent an exploratory laparotomy with an attempt to remove the cyst. Twelve weeks later, the dog returned with recurring clinical signs, and the cyst was found to have returned back to its original size. A second intact male miniature dachshund presented at 7 mo of age for stranguria. Physical examination revealed congenital reproductive abnormalities and a fluid-filled structure on rectal palpation, much like the first dog. The dog was diagnosed with a prostatic cyst and underwent an exploratory laparotomy. An attempt was made to close communication between the prostate and cyst. The dog re-presented 3 wk later for recurrence of clinical signs, and the prostatic cyst was found to have increased in size. Both dogs were euthanized because of recurrence of clinical signs. This report describes the presence of prostatic cysts in two young dogs with congenital abnormalities of the genital and reproductive tracts and the similarities seen in human boys diagnosed with prostatic utricles.
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- 2018
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4. Lateral neck Cystic Mass: The Role of Thyroglobulin Measurement in Fine Needle Aspiration.
- Author
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Benmoussa JA, Chen K, Najjar S, Applewhite M, and Warshaw J
- Subjects
- Biopsy, Fine-Needle, Carcinoma, Papillary metabolism, Carcinoma, Papillary secondary, Carcinoma, Papillary surgery, Cysts metabolism, Cysts pathology, Cysts surgery, Female, Head and Neck Neoplasms metabolism, Head and Neck Neoplasms secondary, Humans, Lymph Nodes pathology, Middle Aged, Neck Dissection, Neoplasm Metastasis, Neoplasms, Multiple Primary metabolism, Neoplasms, Multiple Primary pathology, Neoplasms, Multiple Primary surgery, Thyroid Cancer, Papillary metabolism, Thyroid Cancer, Papillary secondary, Thyroid Cancer, Papillary surgery, Thyroid Neoplasms metabolism, Thyroid Neoplasms secondary, Thyroid Neoplasms surgery, Thyroidectomy, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Carcinoma, Papillary diagnosis, Cyst Fluid chemistry, Cysts diagnosis, Head and Neck Neoplasms diagnosis, Neoplasms, Multiple Primary diagnosis, Thyroglobulin metabolism, Thyroid Cancer, Papillary diagnosis, Thyroid Neoplasms diagnosis
- Published
- 2018
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5. In vivo and ex vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the characterization of hemangioblastoma cyst fluid.
- Author
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Crisi G, Filice S, Pertinhez TA, Ventura E, and Servadei F
- Subjects
- Cerebellar Neoplasms metabolism, Cerebellar Neoplasms pathology, Cysts metabolism, Cysts pathology, Female, Hemangioblastoma metabolism, Hemangioblastoma pathology, Humans, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Middle Aged, Proteomics, Cerebellar Neoplasms complications, Cerebellar Neoplasms diagnosis, Cyst Fluid chemistry, Cysts diagnosis, Cysts etiology, Hemangioblastoma complications, Hemangioblastoma diagnosis, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy methods
- Abstract
Peritumoral cyst formation is commonly associated with hemangioblastomas of the central nervous system. Results of a proteomic profiling of hemangioblastoma cyst fluid suggested that cyst formation, whether intratumoral or peritumoral, is a consequence of vascular leakage because protein profiles of cyst fluid and blood serum were similar. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of in vivo and ex vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy analyses of hemangioblastoma cyst fluid that investigates on the mechanism leading to peritumoral cyst formation.
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- 2014
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6. Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns in auricular pseudocyst fluid.
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Chen PP, Tsai SM, Wang HM, Wang LF, Chien CY, Chang NC, and Ho KY
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- Adult, Female, Humans, Isoenzymes analysis, Male, Prospective Studies, Cyst Fluid chemistry, Cyst Fluid enzymology, Cysts chemistry, Cysts enzymology, Ear Auricle, Ear Diseases enzymology, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase analysis
- Abstract
Objective: We investigated lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns in the cyst fluid of auricular pseudocysts and autogenous blood, to assist the diagnosis of auricular pseudocyst., Methods: Twenty patients with auricular pseudocysts participated in this study conducted in Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital between February 2007 and June 2010. Patterns of lactate dehydrogenase in cyst fluid and autogenous blood were analysed., Results: Levels of lactate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 were lower in auricular pseudocysts than in autogenous blood, whereas levels of lactate dehydrogenase 4 and 5 were higher; this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001)., Conclusion: Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns in auricular pseudocyst fluid indicated higher percentage distributions of lactate dehydrogenase 4 and 5 and lower percentage distributions of lactate dehydrogenase 1 and 2. An effective laboratory method of evaluating the different lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme components was developed; this method may improve the accuracy of auricular pseudocyst diagnosis.
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- 2013
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7. An uncommon cause of asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism.
- Author
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Abate EG, Bernet V, May GR, and Smallridge RC
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- Aged, Asymptomatic Diseases, Biopsy, Fine-Needle, Cyst Fluid chemistry, Cysts diagnostic imaging, Cysts pathology, Humans, Hyperparathyroidism, Primary diagnostic imaging, Hyperparathyroidism, Primary pathology, Male, Parathyroid Diseases diagnostic imaging, Parathyroid Diseases pathology, Parathyroid Glands diagnostic imaging, Parathyroid Glands pathology, Parathyroid Hormone isolation & purification, Ultrasonography, Cysts complications, Hyperparathyroidism, Primary etiology, Parathyroid Diseases complications
- Published
- 2012
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8. Diagnosis of congenital cervical cysts using carcinoembryonic antigen levels in cyst fluid.
- Author
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Konomi U, Tokashiki R, Yoshida T, Shimizu A, Tsukahara K, and Suzuki M
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- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Biopsy, Fine-Needle, Branchioma pathology, Case-Control Studies, Child, Cyst Fluid chemistry, Cysts chemistry, Cysts congenital, Cysts pathology, Female, Head and Neck Neoplasms chemistry, Head and Neck Neoplasms pathology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neck pathology, Biomarkers, Tumor analysis, Branchioma diagnosis, Carcinoembryonic Antigen analysis, Cysts diagnosis, Head and Neck Neoplasms diagnosis
- Abstract
Objective: To investigate whether carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in the fluid of median or lateral cervical cysts can improve diagnosis., Methods: Cyst fluid CEA levels in 10 cases of median cervical or lateral cervical cysts based on pathological diagnoses (congenital cervical cyst group) were measured. These results were compared with the CEA levels of the control group comprising 10 cases of other head and neck cyst disorders., Results: The CEA levels in nine out of ten cases in the congenital cervical cyst group were ≥10,000ng/mL. The CEA level in the remaining case was 8290ng/mL. In contrast, the CEA levels were low in the control group (>1000ng/mL). The optimal cut-off level between these groups was 8290ng/mL in the receiver operating characteristic curve (p<0.01)., Conclusion: Cyst fluid CEA levels may assist in the diagnosis of median and lateral cervical cysts., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2012
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9. A novel method of managing persistent parotid sialocele.
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Gahir D, Clifford N, Yousefpour A, and Avery C
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- Amylases analysis, Catheters, Indwelling, Cyst Fluid chemistry, Drainage instrumentation, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Parotid Gland surgery, Postoperative Complications, Recurrence, Salivary Proteins and Peptides analysis, Cysts surgery, Parotid Diseases surgery
- Abstract
Sialocele formation is a recognised complication of parotid surgery. The initial management is usually conservative and often effective. We present a novel method that utilises an intra-oral approach and pig-tail catheter for safely and rapidly draining a large persistent sialocele. It is particularly appropriate when other methods have failed and the skin is at risk of breakdown., (Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
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- 2011
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10. Cyst wall puncture and aspiration during EUS-guided fine needle aspiration may increase the diagnostic yield of mucinous cysts of the pancreas.
- Author
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Rogart JN, Loren DE, Singu BS, and Kowalski TE
- Subjects
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen analysis, Cyst Fluid chemistry, Cysts diagnostic imaging, Epithelium, Humans, Pancreas diagnostic imaging, Pancreas pathology, Pancreatic Cyst pathology, Pancreatic Neoplasms pathology, Punctures, Biopsy, Fine-Needle methods, Cysts pathology, Endosonography, Pancreatic Cyst diagnosis, Pancreatic Cyst diagnostic imaging, Pancreatic Neoplasms diagnosis, Pancreatic Neoplasms diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cysts are common, however, their diagnosis and classification remains a challenge despite advances in cross-sectional imaging and endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA)., Objective: To determine the incremental yield of cytologic examination of material obtained from targeted fine needle aspiration ("puncture") of the cyst wall after aspiration of fluid for CEA., Design: Retrospective consecutive series., Patients and Setting: Consecutive patients undergoing EUS-FNA of a pancreatic cyst by 2 expert endoscopists at a single tertiary care center between January 2006 and June 2008., Intervention: Standard EUS-FNA of pancreatic cysts was carried out, and after cyst fluid aspiration the cyst wall was punctured and aspirated (CWP) to obtain epithelium for cytologic analysis., Main Outcome Measurements: The diagnostic yields of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) obtained from cyst fluid and of cytology obtained from CWP. CEA greater than192 ng/mL was considered diagnostic of a mucinous cyst., Results: One hundred seven patients underwent EUS-FNA with CWP. Sixteen (31%) of 52 patients with CEA <192 ng/mL had cytology positive for mucinous epithelium, whereas 15 (47%) of 32 cysts with an insufficient amount of fluid for CEA analysis had positive cytology from CWP. The additional, cumulative diagnostic yield for mucinous cysts was therefore, 37%. Of 55 cysts diagnosed as mucinous, more (56%) were diagnosed by CWP cytology alone than by CEA (P<0.05)., Limitations: Retrospective design and limited surgical pathology., Conclusions: Cyst wall puncture and aspiration during routine EUS-FNA may be a safe, easily applied, and inexpensive technique for improving the diagnostic yield for mucinous cysts of the pancreas.
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- 2011
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11. The role of inflammation in the genesis of the cystic component of craniopharyngiomas.
- Author
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Pettorini BL, Inzitari R, Massimi L, Tamburrini G, Caldarelli M, Fanali C, Cabras T, Messana I, Castagnola M, and Di Rocco C
- Subjects
- Child, Child, Preschool, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Craniopharyngioma drug therapy, Craniopharyngioma pathology, Cyst Fluid chemistry, Cyst Fluid immunology, Cysts drug therapy, Cysts pathology, Female, Humans, Immunity, Innate immunology, Immunologic Factors administration & dosage, Inflammation drug therapy, Inflammation pathology, Injections, Intraventricular, Interferon-alpha administration & dosage, Male, Pituitary Neoplasms drug therapy, Pituitary Neoplasms pathology, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization, alpha-Defensins analysis, alpha-Defensins immunology, alpha-Defensins metabolism, Craniopharyngioma immunology, Cysts immunology, Inflammation immunology, Pituitary Neoplasms immunology
- Abstract
Background: Craniopharyngioma accounts for 5-10% of childhood tumors and, despite of the benign histological features, its clinical course can be malignant because of critical anatomical relationships with neural and vascular structures and the possible morbidity associated to resection. Only a few studies have addressed the molecular characterization of the cyst fluid so far and the mechanisms of action of intracystic agents are not clearly understood yet., Methods: The acidic soluble proteins contained in the cystic fluid of six patients with cystic craniopharyngioma, three of them treated with intratumoral interferon-α, were analyzed. A high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis was performed., Findings: The antimicrobial peptides α-defensins 1-3 relevant for innate immunity were detected in the cystic fluid before the intratumoral treatment. Amount of peptides significantly decreased in cystic fluid during pharmacological treatment., Interpretation: Detection of α-defensins 1-3 excludes that cyst fluid formation can derive from disruption of blood-brain barrier and suggests the involvement of innate immune response in pathology of craniopharyngioma cyst formation. The reduction of α-defensins could derive both from direct antitumoral effect of interferon-α on squamous epithelial cells of craniopharyngioma cyst and from its immuno-modulatory effects on the recruitment of cells of innate immune systems. Interestingly, the clinical patient outcome well correlates with the gradual reduction of α-defensins 1-3 amount. Additional studies will be necessary to establish the role of these molecules in the pathogenesis of craniopharyngioma, and further investigations will be necessary to confirm the efficacy of the antitumoral activity of interferon-α.
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- 2010
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12. Differential diagnosis for intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma and hepatic simple cyst: significance of cystic fluid analysis and radiologic findings.
- Author
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Choi HK, Lee JK, Lee KH, Lee KT, Rhee JC, Kim KH, Jang KT, Kim SH, and Park Y
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- Aged, Biliary Tract Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, CA-19-9 Antigen analysis, Carcinoembryonic Antigen analysis, Cystadenoma diagnostic imaging, Cysts diagnostic imaging, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Liver Diseases diagnostic imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Radiography, Biliary Tract Neoplasms diagnosis, Cyst Fluid chemistry, Cystadenoma diagnosis, Cysts diagnosis, Liver Diseases diagnosis
- Abstract
Goals: This study evaluated the significance of cystic fluid analysis and radiologic findings in the differential diagnosis of biliary cystadenomas (BCA) and hepatic simple cysts (HSCs)., Background: BCA are premalignant lesions. The treatment of choice is surgical excision. It is important to differentiate BCA from HSCs because they have different clinical significances and treatment plans. However, it is difficult to preoperatively differentiate a BCA from a HSC., Study: This retrospective study was done with 31 patients suffering from pathologically diagnosed BCA or HSC. All patients underwent surgery between May 1995 and June 2008 at a single institution and had cystic fluid analysis preoperatively or intraoperatively., Results: We discovered no statistically significant differences in cystic fluid carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) levels or carcinoembryonic antigen levels when comparing BCA (n=17) and HSCs (n=14). BCA were significantly more frequently associated with female sex (17/17 vs. 10/14, P=0.032), presence of a septum (16/17 vs.5/14, P=0.001), and septal thickening (8/17 vs. 1/14, P=0.021). All 3 cases with calcifications belonged to the BCA group, but sample size was too small to demonstrate statistical significance. There were no statistically significant differences in other clinical and radiologic findings including age, presence of symptoms, serum tumor markers, serum chemistry, size, location, lobulation, septal enhancement, wall enhancement, wall thickening, mural nodule, or biliary dilatation., Conclusions: Cystic fluid carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels and carcinoembryonic antigen levels were not useful for differential diagnosis of BCA vs. HSC. BCA were more common than HSCs in females, patients with a septum, and patients with septal thickening.
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- 2010
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13. Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging associated with analysis of fluid in cystic brain tumors.
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Yurt A, Demircan N, Selçuki M, Ertürk AR, Turan Y, Atçi B, and Ozener V
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- Brain Neoplasms metabolism, Cyst Fluid metabolism, Cysts metabolism, Humans, Lactic Acid analysis, Lactic Acid metabolism, Brain Neoplasms pathology, Cyst Fluid chemistry, Cysts pathology, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy methods
- Abstract
Objective: There is a growing interest in cystic lesions of the brain. Examining the cyst content of brain tumors may contribute in determining the malignancy of the given tumor accompanied by a cyst., Methods: In this work, samples of cyst fluid from 18 patients with brain tumor were collected and studied biochemically regarding their protein, lactate contents and pH values; magnetic resonance spectroscopic images of these patients were also compared. We investigated the relation between the grade of malignancy and the lactate concentration and the discrepancy between the high levels of lactate in cysts and their alkaline environment., Results: There appears to be a positive relation between the grade of malignancy and the concentration of lactate in the cysts' fluid. A significant two-fold increase in lactate concentration in malignant tumors cysts has been found as compared with the more benign tumor cysts (p<0.001). This increase in lactate level is probably because of aerobic glycolysis, which causes lactate production by the tumor., Discussion: High lactate levels found through magnetic resonance spectroscopy are positively related to the grade of tumor malignancy. The pH values in the cyst fluids were above normal, resulting to a discrepancy in high levels of lactate in the cyst and the alkaline environment. This suggests efflux of H+ ions by a Na/H exchange mechanism to compensate for the change of pH.
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- 2010
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14. Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 is extremely elevated in polycystic liver disease.
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Waanders E, van Keimpema L, Brouwer JT, van Oijen MG, Aerts R, Sweep FC, Nevens F, and Drenth JP
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- Adult, Aged, Biomarkers, CA-19-9 Antigen blood, Cysts diagnosis, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Liver Diseases diagnosis, Male, Middle Aged, CA-19-9 Antigen analysis, Cyst Fluid chemistry, Cysts metabolism, Liver Diseases metabolism
- Abstract
Background/aims: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) is used as a biomarker to differentiate benign from malignant gastrointestinal disorders. We examined the value of CA19-9 measurement in polycystic livers after observing high CA19-9 cyst fluid levels in a benign polycystic liver case., Methods: We determined CA19-9 levels in serum (n=120) and hepatic cyst fluid (n=81), from patients with polycystic livers (n=109) and simple hepatic cysts (n=24). Further, we analysed CA19-9 expression in normal and polycystic liver tissue (n=17)., Results: Cyst fluid CA19-9 levels from both polycystic livers and simple hepatic cysts were extremely high (median 91 000 U/ml, range 14-15 870 000 U/ml; median 85 000 U/ml, range 332-1 744 000 U/ml respectively). Serum CA19-9 levels were significantly higher in polycystic liver patients (median 30 U/ml, range 0-1200 U/ml) compared with patients with simple hepatic cysts (median 10 U/ml, range 3-200 U/ml, P=0.0011). Serum CA19-9 levels correlated with those in cyst fluid (r=0.3979, P=0.0399), polycystic liver volume (r=0.3870, P=0.0025) and the size of the largest cyst (simple cysts group; r=0.5319, P=0.0280). Cyst epithelia showed strong CA19-9 expression. Evacuation of cyst fluid in four patients resulted in a dramatic decrease in the serum CA19-9 levels (60-95%)., Conclusions: CA19-9 levels are high in the cyst fluid and serum of polycystic liver disease patients due to production and secretion by cyst epithelia. It does not reflect malignancy in these patients and may be of value as a biomarker for intervention efficiency assessment.
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- 2009
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15. Hepatocystin is not secreted in cyst fluid of hepatocystin mutant polycystic liver patients.
- Author
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Waanders E, Lameris AL, Op den Camp HJ, Pluk W, Gloerich J, Strijk SP, and Drenth JP
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- Animals, Blood Proteins analysis, Blood Proteins metabolism, Calcium-Binding Proteins, Cell Line, Cyst Fluid chemistry, Cysts genetics, Dogs, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Female, Glucosidases genetics, Humans, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins genetics, Liver Diseases genetics, Male, Serum Albumin analysis, Serum Albumin metabolism, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Transfection, Cyst Fluid metabolism, Cysts metabolism, Glucosidases metabolism, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins metabolism, Liver Diseases metabolism, Mutation
- Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease (PCLD) is characterized by multiple liver cysts and is caused by mutations in PRKCSH (hepatocystin). Mechanisms of cystogenesis are unknown, but previous studies have shown that hepatocystin is secreted in vitro. The goal of this study was to determine the fate of hepatocystin in vivo. Using immunoprecipitation, we determined that mutant hepatocystin is secreted from both apical and basolateral cell surface of MDCK cells stably transfected with mutant hepatocystin. Analysis of 60 cyst fluid samples from polycystic livers using Western blot, MALDI-TOF MS or nLC-MS/MS did not detect hepatocystin in liver cyst fluid. We did identify 163 ubiquitous serum proteins. No paracrine or autocrine factors were recognized. Although cyst fluids vary greatly in protein concentration, a PCLD specific protein pattern was not established. In conclusion, hepatocystin is not secreted in PCLD liver cyst fluid, suggesting that mutant hepatocystin is either not produced or degraded intracellularly. PCLD cysts develop from intralobular bile ductules and cyst fluid mainly contains common serum proteins comparable to that of other polycystic diseases.
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- 2008
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16. Apocrine cysts of the breast: biomarkers, origin, enlargement, and relation with cancer phenotype.
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Celis JE, Gromov P, Moreira JM, Cabezón T, Friis E, Vejborg IM, Proess G, Rank F, and Gromova I
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- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Apocrine Glands metabolism, Breast metabolism, Breast Neoplasms metabolism, Cyst Fluid chemistry, Cysts metabolism, Cytokines metabolism, Female, Humans, Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases metabolism, Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases metabolism, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Proteins analysis, Neoplasm Proteins chemistry, Neoplasm Staging, Patient Selection, Phenotype, Proteome analysis, Proteome chemistry, Reproducibility of Results, Apocrine Glands pathology, Biomarkers, Tumor analysis, Breast pathology, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Cysts pathology
- Abstract
Up to one-third of women aged 30-50 years have cysts in their breasts and are presumed to be at increased risk of developing breast cancer. Here we present an extensive proteomic and immunohistochemistry (IHC) study of breast apocrine cystic lesions aimed at generating specific biomarkers and elucidating the relationship, if existent, of apocrine cysts with cancer phenotype. To this end we compared the expression profiles of apocrine macrocysts obtained from mastectomies from high risk cancer patients with those of cancerous and non-malignant mammary tissue biopsies collected from the same patients. We identified two biomarkers, 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase and 3-hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase, that were expressed specifically by apocrine type I cysts as well as by apocrine metaplastic cells in type II microcysts, terminal ducts, and intraductal papillary lesions. No expression of these markers was observed in non-malignant terminal ductal lobular units, type II flat cysts, stroma cells, or fat tissue as judged by IHC analysis of matched non-malignant tissue samples collected from 93 high risk patients enrolled in our cancer program. IHC analysis of the corresponding 93 primary tumors indicated that most apocrine changes have little intrinsic malignant potential, although some may progress to invasive apocrine cancer. None of the apocrine lesions examined, however, seemed to be a precursor of invasive ductal carcinomas, which accounted for 81% of the tumors analyzed. Our studies also provided some insight into the origin, development, and enlargement of apocrine cysts in mammary tissue. The successful identification of differentially expressed proteins that characterize specific steps in the progression from early benign lesions to apocrine cancer opens a window of opportunity for designing and testing new approaches for pharmacological intervention, not only in a therapeutic setting but also for chemoprevention, to inhibit cyst development as both 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase and 3-hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase are currently being targeted for chemoprevention strategies in various malignancies.
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- 2006
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17. HIV disease presenting as parotid lymphoepithelial cysts: a presumptive diagnosis of diffuse infiltrative lymphocytic syndrome (DILS).
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Tripathi AK, Gupta N, Ahmad R, Bhandari HS, and Kalra P
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- Adult, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes pathology, Cyst Fluid chemistry, Epithelial Cells pathology, Female, Humans, Cysts virology, HIV Infections complications, Lymphocytosis virology, Parotid Diseases virology
- Abstract
Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytic syndrome (DILS), is a rare manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease which is characterized by a diffuse visceral CD8 lymphocytic infiltration, a persistent CD8 lymphocytosis, bilateral parotid swelling and cervical lymphadenopathy. We describe a case of a HIV positive female, who had bilateral parotid swelling and CD8 lymphocytosis, to illustrate this rare clinical entity.
- Published
- 2004
18. Immunoreactive endothelin in Taiwanese thyroid cystic fluid.
- Author
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Lam HC, Lee JK, Lu CC, Chu CH, Sun CC, Chuang MJ, and Wang MC
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- Asian People, Chromatography, Gel, Cysts ethnology, Endothelin-2 analysis, Endothelin-3 analysis, Humans, Taiwan, Thyroid Diseases ethnology, Up-Regulation, Cyst Fluid chemistry, Cysts chemistry, Endothelin-1 analysis, Radioimmunoassay, Thyroid Diseases metabolism
- Abstract
Endothelin-1 is a major vasoconstrictor peptide, first found in endothelial cells and later in many other tissues, including the thyroid gland. It is well known that endothelins can act as autocrine and/or paracrine regulators of thyroid homeostasis and growth. Previously we have demonstrated that immunoreactive endothelins (IR-ET) are present in various human body fluids, and IR-ET has also been detected in pathologic breast and thyroid cystic fluids. In this study, the IR-ET in Taiwanese thyroid cystic fluid was measured by radioimmunoassay and characterized by chromatography. Human thyroid cystic fluid was obtained by fine needle aspiration, was centrifuged, and the supernatant was stored at -20 degrees C until IR-ET assay. IR-ET has been detected in 25 of 33 samples of thyroid cystic fluid [25 cases, 4.11 +/- 0.31 fmol/mL (mean +/- standard error of the mean); other eight cases, undetectable]. Gel permeation chromatography of the extract of pooled cystic fluid showed only one major peak at the elution position of human endothelin-1 standard. No difference in cystic IR-ET levels was found in our patients with cystic nodules in relation to differences in thyroid function. It is probable that endothelin-1 is produced by the epithelial cells lining the thyroid cysts, and the increased levels of IR-ET in cystic fluid found in our patients could either be secondary to cystic nodule development or have a role in goiter formation.
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- 2004
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19. Biochemical and cytologic analysis of cystic contents in benign non-parasitic symptomatic hepatic cysts before and after ethanol sclerotherapy.
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Larssen TB, Rørvik J, Horn A, Karwinski B, Skadberg O, Pedersen OM, and Rosendahl K
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- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Albumins analysis, Alkaline Phosphatase analysis, Bilirubin analysis, C-Reactive Protein analysis, Cysts therapy, Female, Haptoglobins analysis, Humans, Liver Diseases therapy, Male, Middle Aged, Orosomucoid analysis, Proteins analysis, Treatment Outcome, Cyst Fluid chemistry, Cyst Fluid cytology, Cysts metabolism, Cysts pathology, Ethanol therapeutic use, Liver Diseases metabolism, Liver Diseases pathology, Sclerotherapy
- Abstract
Purpose: To examine the fluid of liver cysts by cytologic and biochemical analysis before and after ethanol sclerotherapy in order to explore the etiology of cystic fluid reproduction after sclerotherapy., Material and Methods: The contents of 11 cysts in 11 patients were examined on the day of sclerotherapy, and 2-8 (mean 4.5) days later, and analysed for cytologic and biochemical parameters., Results: Cytologic signs of acute or subacute inflammatory reaction were absent before and present in all cysts after sclerotherapy. Biochemical parameters reflecting the acute inflammatory reaction (CRP, orosomucoid and haptoglobine), changes in capillary permeability (protein, albumin), and the cystic epithelial function (bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase) were significantly elevated after sclerotherapy., Conclusion: The post-sclerotherapy fluid production is probably due to an inflammatory reaction. This may explain the success of performing sclerotherapy in one single session.
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- 2004
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20. [Clinical usefulness of determining beta-2-microglobulin concentration in thyroid cystic fluid].
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Schab J, Kochańska-Dziurowicz AA, and Starzewski JJ
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- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Antibodies blood, Case-Control Studies, Female, Goiter, Nodular blood, Humans, Iodide Peroxidase immunology, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Cyst Fluid chemistry, Cysts chemistry, Goiter, Nodular metabolism, beta 2-Microglobulin analysis
- Abstract
Unlabelled: The main subject of the paper was to prove that beta-2-microglobulin (beta-2-m) exists in fluid taken from a thyroid gland cyst of the patients with non-toxic, nodular goitre with cysts and whether the confirmation of beta-2-m existence in fluid taken from a cyst may indicate the presence of autoimmunological process in thyroid glands. The research was carried out on a group of 36 patients operated on because of goitre. Patients with the thyroid cancer were except. The operations were carried out in the General Surgery Department of Hospital 1 in Sosnowiec from 1994 to 1999. The group of patients consisted of women aged between 13 to 75 years old (average 43 +/- 13.8 years). TSH, FT4 serum concentration in this investigated group were normal. The paper presents the beta-2-m existence in fluid taken from a thyroid gland cyst. It was confirmed that there was no differences between beta-2-m serum concentration in operated patients and in healthy controls. In 50% of patients operated on with thyroid cysts high antibody antithyroid peroxidase (antiTPO) serum concentration and in fluid taken from cyst was confirmed and statistically higher beta-2-m concentration in cyst fluid than beta-2-m concentration in serum., Conclusions: The increased antiTPO concentration in serum and in a fluid taken from cyst and beta-2-m existence in cyst fluid point to the autoimmunological process taking place in half of the patients with thyroid cysts.
- Published
- 2004
21. Multiple parotid lymphoepithelial cysts in patients with HIV-infection: report of two cases.
- Author
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Favia G, Capodiferro S, Scivetti M, Lacaita MG, Filosa A, and Lo Muzio L
- Subjects
- Adolescent, B-Lymphocytes pathology, Biopsy, Needle, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes pathology, Cyst Fluid chemistry, Epithelial Cells pathology, Female, Humans, Keratins analysis, Ki-67 Antigen analysis, Lymphocytes pathology, Male, Middle Aged, S100 Proteins analysis, Cysts pathology, HIV Infections complications, Parotid Diseases pathology
- Abstract
Objective: Bilateral and multiple lymphoepithelial cysts (LECs) of major salivary glands, in particular of parotid glands, are quite rare and have been reported in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients with an incidence of about 3-6%. These lesions represent an early manifestation of HIV infection and are rarely found in patients with advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome., Materials: Two cases of parotid LECs, the first occurring in a middle-age white woman and the second in a young white boy, both in advanced phases of HIV infection, are reported., Results: Clinical, cytological, histological and immunohistochemical (cytokeratin AE1/AE3, CD20, CD45RA, CD8, kappa and lambda immunoglobulin light chains, S-100, MLA and Ki67) features are described., Conclusions: Fine needle aspiration (FNA), a relatively non-traumatic procedure, could represent both a diagnostic and a therapeutic tool in parotid LECs. No surgical therapy is usually required for these lesions and aspiration of cystic fluid with FNA is quite resolutive, although evidence of further relapses does exist. Surgical excision may become necessary when pain, because of persistent and progressive swelling of the parotid gland, occurs.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Tumor marker levels in post-chemotherapy cystic masses: clinical implications for patients with germ cell tumors.
- Author
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Beck SD, Patel MI, and Sheinfeld J
- Subjects
- Cyst Fluid chemistry, Cysts surgery, Humans, Lymph Node Excision, Male, Retroperitoneal Space, Testicular Diseases diagnosis, Testicular Diseases surgery, Biomarkers, Tumor analysis, Chorionic Gonadotropin analysis, Cysts chemistry, Cysts diagnosis, Germinoma drug therapy, Testicular Neoplasms drug therapy, alpha-Fetoproteins analysis
- Abstract
Purpose: Increased tumor markers after induction chemotherapy for patients with germ cell tumor usually represent systemic disease and consequently second line chemotherapy is instituted, while retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) is reserved for patients with marker normalization. We report the concentration of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in the fluid of post-chemotherapy cystic masses to evaluate this as a potential source for serum marker elevation., Materials and Methods: From March 2002 to December 2002, 11 consecutive patients with post-chemotherapy cystic masses underwent RPLND. Following resection, aspirated fluid was analyzed for AFP and HCG. Only 5 post-chemotherapy RPLNDs were performed in patients with increased serum tumor markers, including the 3 patients in our study. Patients with increasing tumor markers and/or multifocal disease with noncystic residual masses after induction chemotherapy underwent salvage chemotherapy despite teratomatous elements in the primary tumor., Results: All 11 patients had teratoma in the orchiectomy specimen and retroperitoneum, including one with malignant transformation. Cystic fluid markers were increased in all patients, 9 of 9 with HCG (range 7.0 to 6,880) and 9 of 11 with AFP (27.5 to 521.2). Two patients with an increased serum AFP before surgery (47.9 and 31.6) had cyst levels of 73.5 and 790.4 respectively. Both serum markers normalized postoperatively. One patient with increased pre-RPLND serum HCG (11.6) had a cyst level of 233. HCG continued to increase postoperatively and the patient died of disease. The remaining 10 patients remain disease free., Conclusion: Fluid from cystic teratoma contains variably elevated levels of HCG and AFP in all patients and appears to be independent of serum marker level or pathology. It is possible that a "slow leak" of fluid from cystic teratoma may explain elevated serum markers in selected patients with teratoma and thus may potentially avoid second line chemotherapy.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Infected hepatic cyst.
- Author
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Yoshida H, Onda M, Tajiri T, Mamada Y, Taniai N, Mineta S, Hirakata A, Futami R, Arima Y, Inoue M, Hatta S, and Kishimoto A
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cyst Fluid chemistry, Cysts diagnosis, Cysts microbiology, Cysts surgery, Escherichia coli Infections diagnosis, Escherichia coli Infections surgery, Female, Humans, Liver Diseases diagnosis, Liver Diseases microbiology, Liver Diseases surgery, Cysts complications, Escherichia coli Infections complications, Liver Diseases complications
- Abstract
We describe an unusual case involving an infected hepatic cyst. An 88-year-old woman presented with acute onset of right upper quadrant abdominal pain, mild left lower abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fever. On admission, computed tomography revealed multiple hepatic cysts including an 8-cm cyst located in the left medial segment of the liver, which demonstrated a thickened wall enhanced with contrast media. Ultrasonography showed an 8-cm hypoechoic lesion which differed in appearance from the other, anechoic hepatic cysts. The serum concentration of C-reactive protein was 29.8 mg/dL; white blood cell count, 12,800/microL; CA19-9, 96 U/mL; and CEA, 2.2 ng/mL. Diagnosis of infected hepatic cyst was made by percutaneous transhepatic drainage of the cyst. Milky fluid was obtained and the patient's right upper quadrant abdominal pain resolved after drainage. The cyst fluid CA19-9 concentration was 18,000 U/mL. Cytology of the cyst fluid was negative. Serum CA19-9 (41 U/mL) and CEA (1.8 ng/mL) concentrations were improved 1 week after drainage. Escherichia coli was cultured from the drainage fluid. The patient was discharged 27 days after admission. Percutaneous transhepatic drainage is effective in the treatment of infected hepatic cysts.
- Published
- 2003
24. Effects of netobimin treatment on the glucose and glycogen contents of Echinococcus granulosus cysts from gerbils.
- Author
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Garcia-Llamazares JL, Merino-Pelaez G, Prieto-Fernandez JG, and Alvarez de Felipe AI
- Subjects
- Animals, Cyst Fluid chemistry, Cyst Fluid drug effects, Cysts parasitology, Cysts pathology, Drug Administration Schedule, Echinococcus drug effects, Glucose metabolism, Glycogen metabolism, Anthelmintics pharmacology, Cysts chemistry, Echinococcus physiology, Gerbillinae parasitology, Glucose analysis, Glycogen analysis, Guanidines pharmacology
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Parathyroid cyst fluid: discrepancy between C-terminal and intact parathyroid hormone assays.
- Author
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Lee SL
- Subjects
- Adult, False Negative Reactions, Female, Humans, Cyst Fluid chemistry, Cysts metabolism, Parathyroid Diseases metabolism, Parathyroid Hormone analysis, Peptide Fragments analysis
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. [The immunological cause of auricular pseudocyst].
- Author
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Chen Q, Zhao T, and Yang X
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antigen-Antibody Complex analysis, Complement C3 analysis, Cyst Fluid chemistry, Female, Humans, Immunoglobulins analysis, Male, Middle Aged, Cysts immunology, Ear Diseases immunology, Ear, External
- Abstract
Objective: To elucidate the relationship between the auricular pseudocyst and the systemic and local immunological status., Methods: The cyst fluid and blood samples of 44 cases were collected to measure contents of IgG, IgA, IgM and complement C3 by radial immunodiffusion, the content of immune complex by polyethylene glycol turbidimetry, DNA of cytomegalovirus in the fluid by polymerose chain reaction, anti-nuclear antibody(ANA) by immunofluorescent technique and reactions between samples and frozen sections of healthy white rat., Results: Contents of IgG, IgA, IgM and C3 in the cyst fluid were significantly lower than those in the serum (P < 0.01). No immune complex could be detected in both serum and cyst fluid. No DNA of cytomegalovirus was found in cyst fluid, whereas ANA was discovered. Reactive immunocomplex in the auricular cartilaginous tissue was found in the frozen sections of white rats., Conclusion: The results suggest that auriular pseudocyst may be an autoimmune disease involving the auricle. The possible mechanism may be an accumulation of reactive exudate due to immunoreactions of autologous antibody and auricular tissue.
- Published
- 1999
27. [A case of simple liver cyst with markedly elevated CEA level in the cystic fluid].
- Author
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Sato T, Kokudo N, Seki M, Miki Y, Ishihara S, Saito M, Takahashi T, Asahara S, Takano K, Kamei A, Sato E, Ikari T, Yanagisawa A, and Kato Y
- Subjects
- Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Carcinoembryonic Antigen analysis, Cyst Fluid chemistry, Cysts diagnosis, Liver Diseases diagnosis
- Published
- 1999
28. Chemical analysis of adnexal cyst fluid.
- Author
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Parker MF, Conslato SS, Chang AS, Taylor RR, Reed ME, and Mayer AR
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cyst Fluid chemistry, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Adnexal Diseases diagnosis, Cysts chemistry, Cysts diagnosis, Glucose analysis, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase analysis, Proteins analysis
- Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the study was to determine if adnexal cyst fluid glucose, protein, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels can discriminate between cancerous and noncancerous adnexal masses., Methods: Intracystic fluid was aspirated from adnexal masses immediately after operative excision. Patient age and menopausal status, mass size, and cyst fluid specific gravity were recorded. Cyst fluid and intraoperative serum glucose, protein, and LDH levels were measured. Masses were grouped by histopathologic diagnosis. Cyst fluid chemical levels and cyst fluid/serum ratios were compared among and between the groups., Results: Fifty-eight adnexal masses were analyzed: 15 nonneoplastic (group 1), 23 benign neoplastic (group 2), and 20 malignant (group 3). There were no significant differences among the groups with regard to patient age, menopausal status, or cyst fluid specific gravity. Cyst size (cm2) was significantly different among the three groups (P < 0.01), with the largest mean size found in the cancer group. No significant differences in cyst chemistries or cyst fluid/serum ratios were found between groups 1 and 2. Comparing groups 1 and 3, all values were significantly different (P < 0.05), with the greatest level of significance attained by comparison of cyst fluid LDH levels (P < 0.001). Groups 2 and 3 statistically differed in cyst fluid levels and cyst fluid/serum ratios of both protein and LDH, with the highest levels of significance achieved by comparisons of cyst fluid levels and ratios of LDH (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). The cyst fluid LDH level was found to be the best single chemistry for distinguishing noncancerous (groups 1 and 2) from cancerous (group 3) adnexal masses. A cyst fluid LDH level of >/=451 U/L imparted a 90% sensitivity and 71% specificity for detecting malignancy., Conclusions: Evaluation of adnexal cyst fluid LDH may help to distinguish benign from malignant adnexal masses. More cases are needed to adequately assess the predictive value and clinical utility of this approach.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Cystic lesions accompanying extra-axial tumours.
- Author
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Lohle PN, Wurzer HA, Seelen PJ, Kingma LM, and Go KG
- Subjects
- Blood-Brain Barrier, Central Nervous System Neoplasms metabolism, Cyst Fluid chemistry, Cysts metabolism, Humans, Immunoglobulins analysis, Immunoglobulins blood, Immunoglobulins cerebrospinal fluid, Meningeal Neoplasms complications, Meningeal Neoplasms metabolism, Meningioma complications, Meningioma metabolism, Neurilemmoma complications, Neurilemmoma metabolism, Serum Albumin analysis, Serum Albumin cerebrospinal fluid, alpha-Macroglobulins analysis, alpha-Macroglobulins cerebrospinal fluid, Central Nervous System Neoplasms complications, Cysts complications
- Abstract
We examined the mechanism of cyst formation in extra-axial tumours in the central nervous system (CNS). Cyst fluid, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood plasma were analysed in eight patients with nine peritumoral cysts: four with meningiomas, two with intracranial and two spinal intradural schwannomas. Measuring concentrations of various proteins [albumin, immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, alpha 2-macroglobulin and IgM] in cyst fluid, CSF and blood plasma provides insight into the state of the semipermeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Peritumoral cysts accompanying intra-axial brain tumours are the end result of disruption of the BBB and oedema formation. Unlike intra-axial tumours which lie embedded within nervous tissue, extra-axial tumours tend to be separated from nervous tissue by arachnoid and pia mater. High concentrations of proteins were measured in the cyst fluid, approaching blood plasma levels, suggesting a local barrier disruption, and passage across the arachnoid, pia mater and cortical/medullary layer into the CNS parenchyma, leaving the protein concentrations of CSF practically unchanged. We confirmed that very high concentrations of protein are to be found in tumour cysts, plasma proteins forming almost 90% of the total protein in the cyst. We review current hypotheses on the pathogenesis of cysts accompanying neoplasms, particularly meningiomas and schwannomas, and conclude that the majority of proteins in cyst fluid in extra-axial, intradural meningiomas and schwannomas are plasma proteins. This provides a strong argument for pathogenesis of extra-axial intradural tumour cysts in favour of leakage of plasma proteins out of the tumour vessels into the nervous tissue.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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