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A new seco-tremulane, 11,12-epoxy-5,6-secotremula-1,6(13)-dien-5,12-olide ( 1), was isolated together with the known compounds, conocenolides A ( 2) and B ( 3), tremulenediol A ( 4), tremulenolide A ( 5), and two lanostane triterpenoids, trametenolic acid B ( 6), and pinicolic acid A ( 7), from cultures of the basidiomycete Flavodon flavus BCC 17421. Interconversion of conocenolides A/B was demonstrated. Compound 1 exhibited weak cytotoxic activities, whereas tremulenediol A showed antiplasmodial activity ( IC50 8.6 μg/ml). Pinicolic acid A exhibited activity against herpes simplex virus type-1 ( IC50 15 μg/ml) as well as cytotoxic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlight: [•] Three new isopimaranes and a new eremophilane were isolated from Xylaria allantoidea. [•] The structure was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretations. [•] Biological activities of the new compounds were evaluated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] Novel spiro-sesquiterpene, anthracophyllic acid, has been identified from the mushroom Anthracophyllum sp. [•] X-ray analyses revealed the stereochemistry of anthracophyllic acid and absolute configuration of aurisin A. [•] Biological activities including antimalarial, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity of all isolated compounds were evaluated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Six new compounds, an N -hydroxypyridone glucoside, orbiocrellin A ( 1 ), its aglycone orbiocrellin B ( 2 ), chromone glucosides 3 and 4 , a dihydrochromone 5a / 5b , and a chromone 6 , were isolated from the scale-insect pathogenic fungus Orbiocrella sp. BCC 33248. Orbiocrellin A ( 1 ) exhibited antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum K1 (IC 50 3.1 μg/mL) while it was non-cytotoxic. In contrast, orbiocrellin B ( 2 ) showed both antimalarial (IC 50 2.1 μg/mL) and cytotoxic (NCI-H187 cells, IC 50 0.70 μg/mL) activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Hypoxylon , a member of the family Xylariaceae, has been known to produce significant secondary metabolites in terms of chemical diversity. Moreover, the compounds isolated can also be used as chemotaxonomic characters for differentiation among the two sections, which are sect. Annulata and sect. Hypoxylon . In our continuing chemical screening programme for novel compounds, the crude extracts of H. fendleri BCC32408 gave significant chemical profiles in HPLC analyses. Thus, the chemical investigation of these crude extracts was then carried out. The investigation led to the isolation of ten previously undescribed compounds including three terphenylquinones (fendleryls A – C), one terphenyl (fendleryl D), and six novel drimane – phthalide-type lactone/isoindolinones derivatives (fendlerinines A – F) along with seven known compounds (2- O -methylatromentin, rickenyl E, atromentin, rickenyls C – D, (+)-ramulosin, and O -hydroxyphenyl acetic acid). The chemical structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including 1D, 2D NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry, as well as chemical transformations. In addition, these isolated compounds were assessed for antimicrobial activity including antimalarial (against Plasmodium falciparum , K-1 strain), antifungal (against Candida albicans ), antibacterial (against Bacillus cereus ) activities. Cytotoxicity against both cancerous (KB, MCF-7, NCI-H187) and non-cancerous (Vero) cells of these compounds were also evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]