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7 results on '"R. P. Kirshner"'

1. First Cosmology Results Using SNe Ia from the Dark Energy Survey: Analysis, Systematic Uncertainties, and Validation

Author

Samuel Hinton, Antonella Palmese, K. Kuehn, G. Gutierrez, Vinu Vikram, M. A. G. Maia, Bonnie Zhang, Daniel B. Thomas, Felipe Menanteau, R. G. Sharp, Marcos Lima, B. Flaugher, Daniel Muthukrishna, Geraint F. Lewis, Alexei V. Filippenko, M. N. K. Smith, Alex Drlica-Wagner, P. Challis, J. Calcino, David J. James, Jacobo Asorey, R. C. Smith, A. G. Kim, A. Clocchiatti, A. Roodman, P. Fosalba, K. Honscheid, T. Jeltema, Michael Schubnell, C. B. D'Andrea, S. E. Kuhlmann, V. Scarpine, Daniel Scolnic, Per Kragh Andersen, Karl Glazebrook, Josh Frieman, E. S. Rykoff, J. Annis, P. E. Nugent, W. C. Wester, P. Martini, Douglas L. Tucker, Y.-H. Zhang, Lluís Galbany, David J. Brooks, Kaisey S. Mandel, Ben Hoyle, Carlos E. Cunha, Edward Macaulay, Vivian Miranda, Bruce A. Bassett, Elisabeth Krause, R. P. Kirshner, G. Tarle, Ryan J. Foley, Jennifer L. Marshall, C. L. Davis, O. Lahav, A. Carnero Rosell, S. Desai, E. Kasai, Ramon Miquel, D. J. Brout, Tianjun Li, D. L. Burke, J. Carretero, Daniel Gruen, H. T. Diehl, Tamara M. Davis, J. P. Marriner, Darren L. DePoy, Matt J. Jarvis, R. R. Gupta, Juan Garcia-Bellido, T. F. Eifler, W. G. Hartley, F. J. Castander, S. Allam, Robert A. Gruendl, A. A. Plazas, Daniela Carollo, T. M. C. Abbott, Gary Bernstein, E. Morganson, Arturo Avelino, E. Suchyta, N. E. Sommer, B. E. Tucker, Enrique J. Fernández, E. J. Sanchez, C. Lidman, P. Doel, M. Sako, C. J. Miller, E. Swann, D. L. Hollowood, S. Serrano, M. E. C. Swanson, M. J. Childress, Richard Kessler, Anais Möller, E. Bertin, Troxel, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, L. N. da Costa, Flavia Sobreira, Salcedo Romero de Ávila, Juan Estrada, Alistair R. Walker, R. C. Thomas, Marcelle Soares-Santos, M. March, Basilio X. Santiago, Mark Sullivan, J. De Vicente, M. Carrasco Kind, Robert C. Nichol, S. A. Uddin, J. Lasker, R. L. C. Ogando, Keith Bechtol, J. K. Hoormann, A. K. Romer, Peter Brown, and Yen-Chen Pan

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Cosmic microwave background, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Cosmology, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, cosmological parameters, Planck, dark energy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QC, STFC, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Organic Chemistry, RCUK, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Redshift, Galaxy, Supernova, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, astro-ph.CO, Dark energy, symbols, Supernova Legacy Survey, CLUSTERS, general [supernovae], Astronomical and Space Sciences, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural)
Abstract

© 2019. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.. We present the analysis underpinning the measurement of cosmological parameters from 207 spectroscopically classified SNe Ia from the first 3 years of the Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program (DES-SN), spanning a redshift range of 0.017 < z < 0.849. We combine the DES-SN sample with an external sample of 122 low-redshift (z < 0.1) SNe Ia, resulting in a "DES-SN3YR" sample of 329 SNe Ia. Our cosmological analyses are blinded: after combining our DES-SN3YR distances with constraints from the Cosmic Microwave Background, our uncertainties in the measurement of the dark energy equation-of-state parameter, w, are 0.042 (stat) and 0.059 (stat+syst) at 68% confidence. We provide a detailed systematic uncertainty budget, which has nearly equal contributions from photometric calibration, astrophysical bias corrections, and instrumental bias corrections. We also include several new sources of systematic uncertainty. While our sample is less than one-third the size of the Pantheon sample, our constraints on w are only larger by 1.4×, showing the impact of the DES-SN Ia light-curve quality. We find that the traditional stretch and color standardization parameters of the DES-SNe Ia are in agreement with earlier SN Ia samples such as Pan-STARRS1 and the Supernova Legacy Survey. However, we find smaller intrinsic scatter about the Hubble diagram (0.077 mag). Interestingly, we find no evidence for a Hubble residual step (0.007 ± 0.018 mag) as a function of host-galaxy mass for the DES subset, in 2.4σ tension with previous measurements. We also present novel validation methods of our sample using simulated SNe Ia inserted in DECam images and using large catalog-level simulations to test for biases in our analysis pipelines.

Published
2019

2. The Complete Light-curve Sample of Spectroscopically Confirmed SNe Ia from Pan-STARRS1 and Cosmological Constraints from the Combined Pantheon Sample

Author

K. W. Smith, D. P. Finkbeiner, J. Hand, S. J. Smartt, S. Rodney, John L. Tonry, Elizabeth N. Johnson, M. McCrum, E. E. E. Gall, E. A. Magnier, Christopher W. Stubbs, R. P. Kudritzki, W. S. Burgett, David O. Jones, Peter W. Draper, Nathan Edward Sanders, W. M. Wood-Vasey, F. Bresolin, R. Lunnan, Daniel Scolnic, M. E. Huber, Yen-Chen Pan, Gautham Narayan, Peter Challis, Ryan J. Foley, K. C. Chambers, Nick Kaiser, Klaus W. Hodapp, Richard Kessler, D. J. Brout, R. Chornock, Maria R. Drout, Armin Rest, R. P. Kirshner, Michael Foley, Edo Berger, Edward F. Schlafly, Adam G. Riess, Rubina Kotak, and Nigel Metcalfe

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmological constant, Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Physical Chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Atomic, Photometry (optics), symbols.namesake, Particle and Plasma Physics, supernovae: general, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear, Planck, dark energy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Molecular, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Light curve, Redshift, observations [cosmology], cosmology: observations, Supernova, Space and Planetary Science, Dark energy, symbols, astro-ph.CO, general [supernovae], Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural)
Abstract

We present optical light curves, redshifts, and classifications for 365 spectroscopically confirmed Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) discovered by the Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) Medium Deep Survey. We detail improvements to the PS1 SN photometry, astrometry and calibration that reduce the systematic uncertainties in the PS1 SN Ia distances. We combine the subset of 279 PS1 SN Ia ($0.03 < z < 0.68$) with useful distance estimates of SN Ia from SDSS, SNLS, various low-z and HST samples to form the largest combined sample of SN Ia consisting of a total of 1048 SN Ia ranging from $0.01 < z < 2.3$, which we call the `Pantheon Sample'. When combining Planck 2015 CMB measurements with the Pantheon SN sample, we find $��_m=0.307\pm0.012$ and $w = -1.026\pm0.041$ for the wCDM model. When the SN and CMB constraints are combined with constraints from BAO and local H0 measurements, the analysis yields the most precise measurement of dark energy to date: $w0 = -1.007\pm 0.089$ and $wa = -0.222 \pm0.407$ for the w0waCDM model. Tension with a cosmological constant previously seen in an analysis of PS1 and low-z SNe has diminished after an increase of $2\times$ in the statistics of the PS1 sample, improved calibration and photometry, and stricter light-curve quality cuts. We find the systematic uncertainties in our measurements of dark energy are almost as large as the statistical uncertainties, primarily due to limitations of modeling the low-redshift sample. This must be addressed for future progress in using SN Ia to measure dark energy., Accepted by ApJ. Data can be found here: http://dx.DOI.org/10.17909/T95Q4X

Published
2018

3. Cosmological constraints from measurements of Type Ia supernovae discovered during the first 1.5 yr of the Pan-STARRS1 Survey

Author

R. Chornock, Nick Kaiser, Klaus W. Hodapp, Daniel Scolnic, R. P. Kirshner, L. Denneau, Gautham Narayan, S. J. Smartt, Maria R. Drout, Ian Czekala, K. C. Chambers, Alicia Soderberg, A. Pastorello, S. Rodney, R. Lunnan, S. Valenti, Nigel Metcalfe, Edward F. Schlafly, C. L. Waters, Nathan Edward Sanders, Ryan J. Foley, M. T. Botticella, P. A. Price, W. M. Wood-Vasey, R. P. Kudritzki, W. S. Burgett, Edo Berger, Rubina Kotak, Christopher W. Stubbs, W. E. Sweeney, E. A. Magnier, M. E. Huber, Dan Milisavljevic, R. J. Wainscoat, Michael J. Hudson, M. McCrum, D. J. Brout, Zheng Zheng, E. Stafford, John L. Tonry, Peter W. Draper, G. H. Marion, H. Flewelling, K. W. Smith, P. Challis, D. A. Thilker, Armin Rest, Adam G. Riess, and C. Leibler

Subjects
Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), general. [Supernovae], Cosmic microwave background, Cosmological parameters, Photometric system, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmological constant, Astrophysics, Type (model theory), Light curve, Supernova, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Dark energy, Flatness (cosmology), observations [Cosmology], general [supernovae], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present griz light curves of 146 spectroscopically confirmed Type Ia Supernovae ($0.03 < z, Comment: 38 pages, 16 figures, 14 tables, ApJ in press

Published
2014

4. Systematic Uncertainties Associated with the Cosmological Analysis of the First Pan-STARRS1 Type Ia Supernova Sample

Author

Christopher M. Waters, Christopher W. Stubbs, I. Czekal, E. Stafford, M. E. Huber, Ryan J. Foley, Peter W. Draper, Stephen J. Smartt, R. Chornock, P. A. Price, L. Denneau, R. P. Kirshner, M. T. Botticella, M. McCrum, Maria R. Drout, Dan Milisavljevic, Rubina Kotak, Armin Rest, S. Valenti, Nathan Edward Sanders, Ragnhild Lunnan, Daniel Scolnic, S. Rodney, P. Challis, Michael J. Hudson, Zheng Zheng, Edward F. Schlafly, Nigel Metcalfe, Adam G. Riess, G. H. Marion, Edo Berger, E. A. Magnier, D. Brout, R. P. Kudritzki, W. S. Burgett, K. C. Chambers, R. J. Wainscoat, K. W. Smith, Nick Kaiser, Klaus W. Hodapp, Gautham Narayan, A. Pastorello, David A. Thilker, W. M. Wood-Vasey, W. E. Sweeney, Alicia Soderberg, John L. Tonry, H. Flewelling, and C. Leibler

Subjects
Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), general. [Supernovae], Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Type (model theory), CMB cold spot, Omega, Galaxy, Supernova, symbols.namesake, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Dark energy, symbols, Planck, Flatness (cosmology), general [supernovae], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We probe the systematic uncertainties from 113 Type Ia supernovae (SNIa) in the Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) sample along with 197 SN Ia from a combination of low-redshift surveys. The companion paper by Rest et al. (2013) describes the photometric measurements and cosmological inferences from the PS1 sample. The largest systematic uncertainty stems from the photometric calibration of the PS1 and low-z samples. We increase the sample of observed Calspec standards from 7 to 10 used to define the PS1 calibration system. The PS1 and SDSS-II calibration systems are compared and discrepancies up to ~0.02 mag are recovered. We find uncertainties in the proper way to treat intrinsic colors and reddening produce differences in the recovered value of w up to 3%. We estimate masses of host galaxies of PS1 supernovae and detect an insignificant difference in distance residuals of the full sample of 0.037\pm0.031 mag for host galaxies with high and low masses. Assuming flatness in our analysis of only SNe measurements, we find $w = {-1.120^{+0.360}_{-0.206}\textrm{(Stat)} ^{+0.269}_{-0.291}\textrm{(Sys)}}$. With additional constraints from BAO, CMB(Planck) and H0 measurements, we find $w = -1.166^{+0.072}_{-0.069}$ and $\Omega_M=0.280^{+0.013}_{-0.012}$ (statistical and systematic errors added in quadrature). Significance of the inconsistency with $w=-1$ depends on whether we use Planck or WMAP measurements of the CMB: $w_{\textrm{BAO+H0+SN+WMAP}}=-1.124^{+0.083}_{-0.065}$., Comment: 24 pages, 20 figures. Accepted by ApJ

Published
2013

5. The Foundation Supernova Survey: Measuring Cosmological Parameters with Supernovae from a Single Telescope.

Author

D. O. Jones, D. M. Scolnic, R. J. Foley, A. Rest, R. Kessler, P. M. Challis, K. C. Chambers, D. A. Coulter, K. G. Dettman, M. M. Foley, M. E. Huber, S. W. Jha, E. Johnson, C. D. Kilpatrick, R. P. Kirshner, J. Manuel, G. Narayan, Y.-C. Pan, A. G. Riess, and A. S. B. Schultz

Subjects
COSMIC background radiation, TYPE I supernovae, PHYSICAL cosmology, SUPERNOVAE, TELESCOPES, DARK energy
Abstract

Measurements of the dark energy equation-of-state parameter, w, have been limited by uncertainty in the selection effects and photometric calibration of z < 0.1 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). The Foundation Supernova Survey is designed to lower these uncertainties by creating a new sample of z < 0.1 SNe Ia observed on the Pan-STARRS system. Here we combine the Foundation sample with SNe from the Pan-STARRS Medium Deep Survey and measure cosmological parameters with 1338 SNe from a single telescope and a single, well-calibrated photometric system. For the first time, both the low-z and high-z data are predominantly discovered by surveys that do not target preselected galaxies, reducing selection bias uncertainties. The z > 0.1 data include 875 SNe without spectroscopic classifications, and we show that we can robustly marginalize over CC SN contamination. We measure Foundation Hubble residuals to be fainter than the preexisting low-z Hubble residuals by 0.046 ± 0.027 mag (stat + sys). By combining the SN Ia data with cosmic microwave background constraints, we find w = −0.938 ± 0.053, consistent with ΛCDM. With 463 spectroscopically classified SNe Ia alone, we measure w = −0.933 ± 0.061. Using the more homogeneous and better-characterized Foundation sample gives a 55% reduction in the systematic uncertainty attributed to SN Ia sample selection biases. Although use of just a single photometric system at low and high redshift increases the impact of photometric calibration uncertainties in this analysis, previous low-z samples may have correlated calibration uncertainties that were neglected in past studies. The full Foundation sample will observe up to 800 SNe to anchor the LSST and WFIRST Hubble diagrams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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6. Measuring Dark Energy Properties with Photometrically Classified Pan-STARRS Supernovae. II. Cosmological Parameters.

Author

D. O. Jones, Y.-C. Pan, R. J. Foley, P. W. Draper, N. Metcalfe, M. McCrum, S. J. Smartt, K. W. Smith, E. E. E. Gall, R. Kotak, R. Kessler, D. M. Scolnic, C. A. Ortega, A. G. Riess, A. Rest, E. Berger, P. J. Challis, R. P. Kirshner, R. Chornock, and W. S. Burgett

Subjects
METAPHYSICAL cosmology, DARK energy, SUPERNOVAE, EQUATIONS of state, ASTROPHYSICS
Abstract

We use 1169 Pan-STARRS supernovae (SNe) and 195 low-z (z < 0.1) SNe Ia to measure cosmological parameters. Though most Pan-STARRS SNe lack spectroscopic classifications, in a previous paper we demonstrated that photometrically classified SNe can be used to infer unbiased cosmological parameters by using a Bayesian methodology that marginalizes over core-collapse (CC) SN contamination. Our sample contains nearly twice as many SNe as the largest previous SN Ia compilation. Combining SNe with cosmic microwave background (CMB) constraints from Planck, we measure the dark energy equation-of-state parameter w to be −0.989 ± 0.057 (stat+sys). If w evolves with redshift as w(a) = w0 + wa(1 − a), we find w0 = −0.912 ± 0.149 and wa = −0.513 ± 0.826. These results are consistent with cosmological parameters from the Joint Light-curve Analysis and the Pantheon sample. We try four different photometric classification priors for Pan-STARRS SNe and two alternate ways of modeling CC SN contamination, finding that no variant gives a w differing by more than 2% from the baseline measurement. The systematic uncertainty on w due to marginalizing over CC SN contamination, , is the third-smallest source of systematic uncertainty in this work. We find limited (1.6σ) evidence for evolution of the SN color-luminosity relation with redshift, a possible systematic that could constitute a significant uncertainty in future high-z analyses. Our data provide one of the best current constraints on w, demonstrating that samples with ∼5% CC SN contamination can give competitive cosmological constraints when the contaminating distribution is marginalized over in a Bayesian framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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7. Measuring the Properties of Dark Energy with Photometrically Classified Pan-STARRS Supernovae. I. Systematic Uncertainty from Core-collapse Supernova Contamination.

Author

D. O. Jones, D. M. Scolnic, A. G. Riess, R. Kessler, A. Rest, R. P. Kirshner, E. Berger, C. A. Ortega, R. J. Foley, R. Chornock, P. J. Challis, W. S. Burgett, K. C. Chambers, P. W. Draper, H. Flewelling, M. E. Huber, N. Kaiser, R.-P. Kudritzki, N. Metcalfe, and R. J. Wainscoat

Subjects
SUPERNOVAE, METAPHYSICAL cosmology, DARK energy, BAYESIAN analysis, GALAXY spectra
Abstract

The Pan-STARRS (PS1) Medium Deep Survey discovered over 5000 likely supernovae (SNe) but obtained spectral classifications for just 10% of its SN candidates. We measured spectroscopic host galaxy redshifts for 3147 of these likely SNe and estimate that ∼1000 are Type Ia SNe (SNe Ia) with light-curve quality sufficient for a cosmological analysis. We use these data with simulations to determine the impact of core-collapse SN (CC SN) contamination on measurements of the dark energy equation of state parameter, w. Using the method of Bayesian Estimation Applied to Multiple Species (BEAMS), distances to SNe Ia and the contaminating CC SN distribution are simultaneously determined. We test light-curve-based SN classification priors for BEAMS as well as a new classification method that relies upon host galaxy spectra and the association of SN type with host type. By testing several SN classification methods and CC SN parameterizations on large SN simulations, we estimate that CC SN contamination gives a systematic error on w () of 0.014, 29% of the statistical uncertainty. Our best method gives , just 8% of the statistical uncertainty, but could be affected by incomplete knowledge of the CC SN distribution. This method determines the SALT2 color and shape coefficients, α and β, with ∼3% bias. However, we find that some variants require α and β to be fixed to known values for BEAMS to yield accurate measurements of w. Finally, the inferred abundance of bright CC SNe in our sample is greater than expected based on measured CC SN rates and luminosity functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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