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Context Resting heart rate (HR) is increasingly recognized as an indicator of disease and overall morbidity and mortality. Whether chronic coffee consumption affects resting HR is an important consideration for individual consumers as well as from a public health perspective. Objective A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to examine the effectiveness of coffee consumption on resting HR. Data Sources Original RCTs assessing the effect of coffee consumption on resting HR and published prior to March 2023 were identified by searching online databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. Data Extraction and Analysis Data searches and extraction and risk-of-bias assessments were performed according to the Cochrane guidelines, and the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines for systematic reviews were followed. Data on study characteristics, type, and amount of coffee and net change and measurement resting HR were extracted. A random-effects or a fixed-effects model was used to estimate the pooled effect sizes. Homogeneity was determined with the Cochran Q test, and publication bias was assessed through Begg's test, Egger's test, and funnel plots. Results A total of 6 RCTs with 11 intervention trials or arms involving 485 individuals were included. The participants were generally healthy, although some had hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, or were overweight. The trial duration ranged from 2 weeks to 24 weeks. The overall pooled analysis showed that coffee consumption resulted in a negligible increase in resting HR of 0.40 beats per minute (95% CI: −0.78 to 1.57; P = 0.506), which was statistically insignificant. Subgroup analysis of all specified categories was consistent with the overall analysis. No heterogeneity was observed among included trials (I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.756). Conclusion The results of the present meta-analysis study demonstrate that daily coffee consumption of 3 to 6 cups for a period of 2 to 24 weeks has no statistically significant effect on resting HR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grandparenting is known to impact psychological health in older people. However, the extent to which the effect is altered by migration‐related and sociodemographic determinants is less clear. Therefore, we conducted this cross‐sectional study to investigate whether the association between grandparenting and psychological distress differs between rural–urban migrants and local older adults from May to September 2019. A total of 373 rural–urban migrants and 602 local older adults involved in grandparenting in Hangzhou completed measurements assessing sociodemographic characteristics, childcare burden and psychological distress. In total, 22.2% of the grandparents reported psychological distress. Rural–urban migrant grandparents had a lower socioeconomic status (SES), a higher childcare burden (23.6 ± 9.2 vs. 20.7 ± 9.5, p < 0.001) and higher levels of psychological distress (29.8% vs. 17.4%, p < 0.001) than local grandparents. Childcare burden and pressure from adult children were the most significant predictors for psychological distress in both groups (ps < 0.05). Psychological distress was also significantly associated with self‐rated health status (β = −0.276, p = 0.033) and willingness to participate in grandparenting (β = −0.659, p = 0.024) in migrant grandparents but associated with female gender (β = 0.346, p = 0.022), caring for children at night (β = 0.424, p = 0.011), conflict with adult children (β = 0.432, p < 0.001) and annual income (β = −0.237, p < 0.001) in local grandparents. Migrant status showed a statistically significant moderating effect between childcare burden and psychological distress. These results may be of assistance in comprehensively understanding the social determinants of mental health of grandparents involved in grandparenting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the risk factors of the occurrence of nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or cleft palate (NSCL/P) in Xinjiang Province, China. Design: The study included 359 patients of NSCL/P and 310 controls. Information about sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviors, negative life events, possible environmental hazards exposures, and use of supplementations were collected from cases and controls. Both t test and χ2 tests were used for group comparisons. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the independent associations between environmental risk factors and the presence of NSCL/P. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to establish the predictive variables for the occurrence of NSCL/P. Results: The results showed that maternal pesticide exposure (odds ratio [OR] = 11.40, 95%CI: 5.40-24.10), antibiotic drugs use (OR = 1.32, 95%CI: 1.14-1.53), paternal smoking (OR = 3.30, 95%CI: 1.87-5.83), threatened abortion (OR = 12.2, 95%CI: 3.29-45.25) were associated with increased risk of NSCL/P in offspring. In contrast, maternal moderate (OR = 0.43, 95%CI: 0.20-0.92) and middle physical workload (OR = 0.48, 95%CI: 0.0.23-0.97), vitamin-B complex supplementations (OR = 0.11, 95%CI: 0.03-0.41), calcium and iron (OR = 0.27, 95%CI: 0.08-0.90) supplementations were associated with reduced risk of NSCL/P in offspring. These variables together explain nearly 60% of the variation of occurrence of NSCL/P. Conclusion: These findings from our study may help to develop primary prevention strategies for NSCL/P in Xinjiang. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]