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Reversible data hiding (RDH) is a useful technique of data security. Embedding capacity is one of the most important performance of RDH for encrypted image. Many existing RDH algorithms for encrypted image do not reach desirable embedding capacity yet. To address this problem, a new RDH algorithm is proposed for encrypted image based on adaptive prediction error coding. The proposed RDH algorithm uses a block‐based encryption scheme to preserve spatial correlation of original image in the encrypted domain and exploits a novel technique called adaptive prediction error coding to vacate room for data embedding. A key contribution of the proposed RDH algorithm is the adaptive prediction error coding. It can efficiently vacate room from encrypted image block by adaptively coding prediction errors according to block content and thus contributes to a large embedding capacity. Many experiments on benchmark image databases are done to validate performance of the proposed RDH algorithm. The results show that the average embedding rates on the open databases of UCID, BOSSBase and BOWS‐2 are 1.7081, 2.4437 and 2.3083 bpp, respectively. Comparison results illustrate that the proposed RDH algorithm outperforms some state‐of‐the‐art RDH algorithms in embedding capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most data hiding methods have limitations in resisting cropping and noise attacks. Aiming at this problem, a robust data hiding with multiple backups and optimized reference matrix is proposed in this paper. Specifically, secret data is divided into a set of groups and multiple backups of each group data are generated according to the number of backups. The cover image is divided into several blocks. A reference matrix is constructed by four constraints to assist data hiding and data extraction. The proposed method aims to extract exactly at least one backup of each group data so that the correct backups can construct the secret data well if the stego-image is corrupted. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is robust to cropping and noise attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data hiding in encrypted image is a recent popular topic of data security. In this paper, we propose a reversible data hiding algorithm with pixel prediction and additive homomorphism for encrypted image. Specifically, the proposed algorithm applies pixel prediction to the input image for generating a cover image for data embedding, referred to as the preprocessed image. The preprocessed image is then encrypted by additive homomorphism. Secret data is finally embedded into the encrypted image via modular 256 addition. During secret data extraction and image recovery, addition homomorphism and pixel prediction are jointly used. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can accurately recover original image and reach high embedding capacity and good visual quality. Comparisons show that the proposed algorithm outperforms some recent algorithms in embedding capacity and visual quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a separable reversible data hiding method in encrypted image (RDHEI) based on two-dimensional permutation and exploiting modification direction (EMD). The content owner uses two-dimensional permutation to encrypt original image through encryption key, which provides confidentiality for the original image. Then the data hider divides the encrypted image into a series of non-overlapping blocks and constructs histogram of adjacent encrypted pixel errors. Secret bits are embedded into a series of peak points of the histogram through EMD. Direct decryption, data extraction and image recovery can be performed separately by the receiver according to the availability of encryption key and data-hiding key. Different from some state-of-the-art RDHEI methods, visual quality of the directly decrypted image can be further improved by the receiver holding the encryption key. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms some state-of-the-art methods in embedding capacity and visual quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]