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High bit error rate (BER), long delay, dynamic networking and multi-hop nature of satellite networks can affect the transmission performance of integrated networks, which poses a great challenge to the transmission performance of space-air-ground integrated networks constructed by satellite networks and terrestrial multi-hop networks. In order to improve the transmission rate of heterogeneous converged satellite networks and terrestrial multi-hop networks, this study proposed a scheme applicable to the transmission characteristics. By analyzing the transmission characteristics of satellite networks with long delay and high BER and terrestrial wireless multi-hop networks, the data delivery in the slow start-up phase was improved, and the type of lost data in the congestion avoidance phase was discriminated to enhance the transmission performance of the heterogeneous integrated network. The performance of the proposed scheme was further verified by simulation on OPNET software. Results show that, the proposed scheme not only can effectively reduce the queuing delay of nodes but also can enhance the transmission efficiency of multi-hop network terminals and the data transmission rate in the long delay network environment. With the increase in the number of hops, the transmission rate of the proposed protocol is about twice those of other protocols. Therefore, the proposed scheme can help improve the transmission performance of heterogeneous integrated satellite networks and terrestrial multi-hop networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high-speed broadband access technology of satellite networks is becoming increasingly mature, but high-capacity data transmission is prone to congestion, which greatly affects the transmission impact of geostationary orbit (GEO) satellite networks. To alleviate the congestion in satellite networks and improve the transmission rate of links, this study proposed a scheme to increase the data transmission volume. The impact of long delay and high bandwidth in satellite networks was mitigated by increasing the congestion window on the sender side, and increasing the number of data transmissions ensured that the proposed scheme fully utilized the high bandwidth delay product of satellite networks. Different types of data loss were used to improve the stability of network transmission. Results show that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the throughput and reduce the response time of a satellite link when a satellite network is congested. The scheme also significantly improves the network performance when the satellite network is not congested. When the network is not congested, the proposed scheme improves the throughput by a factor of 6 over the standard protocol. Even in the case of congestion, the former also improves the throughput by a factor of 2 over the latter. The proposed method provides a useful reference for improving the transmission performance of satellite networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multi-hop routing composed of wireless nodes in wireless multi-hop network can cause serious data loss, which affects the transmission performance of multi-hop network. To reveal the influence of data loss on the transmission performance of wireless multi-hop networks, this study proposed a transmission control method based on multiparameter judgment of network status. A judgment model of wireless multi-hop network condition was established according to the feedback information of several parameters. The congestion status of wireless multi-hop network and the random errors in data transmission were analyzed on the basis of three parameters, namely, inter-packet delay difference, short-term throughput, and packet out-of-order delivery ratio. After evaluating the wireless multi-hop network status, the growth factor of the congestion window was introduced combined with the number of hops in the link and the weighted packet loss rate, and the window growth rate was analyzed. Moreover, the accuracy of the scheme was verified by experiments. Results demonstrate that the growth rate of the congestion window can improve the transmission rate of wireless multi-hop networks. Compared with the traditional Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) scheme, the proposed scheme improves the throughput by nearly 35% in the chain topology scenario of wireless multi-hop networks. The study provides reference for evaluating the performance of data transmission in wireless multi-hop networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Satellite networks have the characteristics of long transmission delay, high bit error rate (BER), and asymmetric wide band, which seriously influence the performance of traditional TCP/IP networks. In order to adapt to long delay and high BER of satellite networks, a transmission control algorithm was proposed in this study. The amount of data transmission was enhanced to fill the high bandwidth-delay product of satellite links. The transmission factor was used to estimate available bandwidth in slow start. The reason for data loss was evaluated by the data backlog value in congestion avoidance. In this way, the threshold was increased in fast recovery, and the data transmission was improved in a short time. Moreover, the value of the congestion window in slow start and congestion avoidance was analyzed. And the threshold was adjusted by different network conditions. Results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm effectively improves the throughput of satellite links by 57.14% compared with TCP New Reno and also distinguishes different data losses. These findings indicate the transmission mechanism can take lower download response time. The proposed algorithm provides a good prospect to improve the transmission performance of satellite networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]