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The classical discrete multitone receiver as used in, e.g., digital subscriber line (DSL) modems, combines a channel shortening time-domain equalizer (TEQ) with one-tap frequency-domain equalizers (FEQs). In a previous paper, the authors proposed a nonlinear bit rate maximizing (BM) TEQ design criterion and they have shown that the resulting BM-TEQ and the closely related BM per-group equalizers (PGEQs) approach the performance of the so-called per-tone equalizer (PTEQ). The PTEQ is an attractive alternative that provides a separate complex-valued equalizer for each active tone. In this paper, the authors show that the BM-TEQ and BM-PGEQ, despite their nonlinear cost criterion, can be designed adaptively, based on a recursive Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. This adaptive BM-TEQIBM-PGEQ makes use of the same second-order statistics as the earlier presented recursive least-squares (RLS)-based adaptive PTEQ. A complete range of adaptive BM equalizers then opens up: the RLS-based adaptive PTEQ design is computationally efficient but involves a large number of equalizer taps; the adaptive BM-TEQ has a minimal number of equalizer taps at the expense of a larger design complexity; the adaptive BM-PGEQ has a similar design complexity as the BM-TEQ and an intermediate number of equalizer taps between the BM-TEQ and the PTEQ. These adaptive equalizers allow us to track variations of transmission channel and noise, which are typical of a DSL environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To ease equalization in a multicarrier system, a cyclic prefix (CP) is typically inserted between successive symbols. When the channel order exceeds the CP length, equalization can be accomplished via a time-domain equalizer (TEQ), which is a finite impulse response (FIR) filter. The TEQ is placed in cascade with the channel to produce an effective shortened impulse response. Alternatively, a bank of equalizers can remove the interference tone-by-tone. This paper presents a unified treatment of equalizer designs for multicarrier receivers, with an emphasis on discrete multitone systems. It is shown that almost all equalizer designs share a common mathematical framework based on the maximization of a product of generalized Rayleigh quotients. This framework is used to give an overview of existing designs (including an extensive literature survey), to apply a unified notation, and to present various common strategies to obtain a solution. Moreover, the unification emphasizes the differences between the methods, enabling a comparison of their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, 16 different equalizer structures and design procedures are compared in terms of computational complexity and achievable bit rate using synthetic and measured data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In discrete multitone (DMT) receivers, as for instance in asymmetric digital subscriber lines (ADSLs), the classical equalizer structure consists of a (real) time domain equalizer (TEQ) combined with complex 1-tap frequency domain equalizers (FEQs). Additionally, receiver windowing can be applied to mitigate the bad spectral containment of the demodulating DFT sidelobes. In this paper, we focus on a combined equalizer and windowing design procedure to maximize the achievable bit rate in DMT-based modems. Whereas the combination of a tEQ with a single window treats all the data carrying tones in a common way, the presented design method can also be used in a "per group" fashion, where smaller groups of tones receive each a different equalizer-window pair. When such groups contain only one single tone, the design procedure can be linked to the performance of an unbiased minimum mean square error (MMSE) per tone equalizer (PTEQ), which then also implicitly implements a per tone window. The general framework introduced in this paper allows us to treat equalizer-only and window-only designs as well, which appear as special cases in a natural way. This set of bit rate maximizing techniques can serve either as practical design methods or as upper bounds for existing (suboptimal) methods. We will also show that for the same achievable bit rate, equalizer taps can be exchanged for windowing coefficients to reduce complexity during data transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asymmetric digital subscriber lines (ADSLs) employ discrete multitone modulation (DMT) as transmission format, where subcarriers are assigned to the up- and/or downstream transmission direction. To separate up- and downstream signals, the ADSL standard allows the use of echo cancellation resulting in improved bit rates, reach, and/or noise margins. In DMT-based modems, typically, the mixed time/frequency (MTF) domain echo canceling scheme, as proposed by Ho et at, is implemented. This technique estimates the echo filter in the frequency domain using the least mean square (LMS) algorithm with the transmitted echo symbols as update directions. Since not every tone of the transmitted echo signal will carry data, i.e., will be excited, the MTF adaptation process does not lead to a good estimate for the echo channel, unless extra power on unused echo tones is transmitted. However, transmitting extra power on such tones is often undesired. In this paper, we present an alternative echo canceling scheme referred to as the circulant decomposition canceler (CDC), which works without extra power requirements and with comparable complexity as the method of Ho et al. Similar to MTF echo canceling, the CDC scheme can easily be incorporated into a multirate environment with different transmit and receive rates and can also cheaply be combined with per-tone equalization and double talk cancellation to allow fast tracking and/or convergence in the presence of a far-end signal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]