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Context: In the present study, we explore what motivates young adults to re-engage with education or employment after a period of non-engagement. Insights into this process facilitate the implementation of tailored support measures for at-risk groups. It is well-known that young people who are not involved in any kind of education, employment, or training face further risks to their professional and psychological development. Methods: Using a grounded theory approach, interviews with young adults from various educational tracks were analyzed, compared, and contrasted. The sample was focused mainly on apprentices in extra-vocational training and professionals working with young people to describe the process of re-engaging in detail (n = 30). Findings: Our analyses suggested that frustrating prior experiences and offers to participate in government-funded vocational training prompted motivation to learn an occupational skillset. Undergoing an apprenticeship enabled young adults to develop the motivation to finish vocational training and to plan on further education.Conclusion: The implications of these results as they pertain to Germany's labor market policies, which foster a sense of individual responsibility to facilitate the achievement of professional success, are discussed. Furthermore, the implications for supporting further educational aspirations when working with young adults are discussed.

In dieser Arbeit wurde untersucht, ob und anhand welcher Indikatoren der Weiterbildungserfolg einer beruflichen Weiterbildung durch die Zeit (Kriterium Zeiterfolg) evaluiert werden kann. Daneben wurde untersucht, inwiefern sich diese Indikatoren durch die Rahmen- und Umfeldbedingungen beeinflussen lassen. Für die Evaluation von beruflichen Weiterbildungen existiert eine Vielzahl an Instrumenten. Die meisten davon betrachten den pädagogischen Nutzen einer Weiterbildung oder den monetären. Gerade für Unternehmen ist es wichtig, den Erfolg einer Maßnahme anhand von Kennzahlen zu betrachten, um erkennen zu können, ob sich der Einsatz gelohnt hat und die Maßnahme gegebenenfalls wiederholt werden sollte. Die monetäre Betrachtung weist allerdings Herausforderungen und Grenzen auf. Sie ist in den wenigsten Fällen direkt durch den Teilnehmenden zu erfassen, durch subjektive Einflüsse bei der Umrechnung fehleranfällig und kann nicht immer alle pädagogischen Ergebnisse einer Weiterbildung abbilden. Der Faktor Zeit hingegen spielt im Unternehmensalltag eine immer größere Rolle (Produktlebenszyklen werden kürzer, Tarifparteien verhandeln explizit über den Zeiteinsatz der Mitarbeitenden) und ist strengen Grenzen unterworfen: Im Gegensatz zu Geld ist Zeit nicht speicherbar und verrinnt unaufhörlich. Dafür kann sie, nicht wie Geld, von jedem einzelnen Mitarbeitenden direkt erlebt und erfasst werden. Anhand einer empirischen Untersuchung durch einen Fragebogen wurden Teilnehmende von beruflichen Weiterbildungen regionaler Weiterbildungsanbieter (v. a. IHK Bodensee-Oberschwaben) untersucht. 79 Personen haben einen Vorher- und einen Hinterherfragebogen ausgefüllt. Neben den Indikatoren der Zeit wurden noch Rahmen- und Umfeldbedingungen erhoben, der Zeiteinsatz und parallel ein etabliertes, klassisches Evaluationsinstrument (Q4TE Grohmann und Kauffeld, 2013) erfasst. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse zeigen, dass der Zeiterfolg durch die Befragung der Teilnehmenden erfassbar ist. Allerdings ist auch dieser subjektiven Einflüssen sowie Rahmen- und Umfeldbedingungen unterworfen. Der Zeiterfolg und das etablierte Instrument Q4TE zeigen Zusammenhänge. Daneben gibt es aber auch viele Variablen des Zeiterfolgs, die zusätzliche Erkenntnisse über den Weiterbildungserfolg liefern können. Darüber hinaus scheint der Zeiterfolg weniger von den Umfeldbedingungen beeinflusst zu werden, als der klassische Trainingserfolg des Q4TE. V. a. für repetitive Tätigkeiten scheint sich die Evaluation über den Zeiterfolg besonders zu eignen. Das Zeiterfolg-Instrument kann daher für die Verantwortlichen im Unternehmen, je nach Weiterbildungsziel, eine ergänzende Möglichkeit sein, dieses besser zu erfassen und der sich steigernden Rolle der Zeit im Unternehmenskontext gerecht zu werden., In this work it was examined whether and by which indicators the success of further training can be evaluated by time (success of time criterion). In addition, it was examined to what extent these time indicators can be influenced by the general and environmental conditions. A large number of instruments exist for the evaluation of further training. Most of them consider the educational benefits of further trainings or the monetary ones. It is particularly important for companies to look at the success of a measure using key figures in order to be able to see whether the effort was worthwhile and whether the measure should be repeated if necessary. From a monetary point of view, however, there are challenges and limits. In very few cases it can be recorded directly by the participant, error-prone due to subjective influences during the conversion and cannot always depict all the pedagogical results of a further training. The time factor, on the other hand, plays an increasingly important role in day-to-day business (product lifecycles are becoming shorter, bargaining partners for collective agreements explicitly negotiate the use of work time by employees) and is subject to strict limits: unlike money, time cannot be stored and is constantly running out. Unlike money, it can be directly experienced and grasped by each individual employee. Based on an empirical study using a questionnaire, participants in further training courses from regional training providers (mainly IHK Bodensee-Oberschwaben) were examined. 79 people filled out a before and after questionnaire. In addition to the indicators of the time success criterion, framework and environmental conditions were also surveyed. As did the use of time and, in parallel, an established, classical evaluation instrument (Q4TE from Grohmann and Kauffeld, 2013) was recorded. The results of the study show that the success of time can be recorded by questioning the participants. However, this is also subject to subjective influences as well as framework and environmental conditions. But the success of time seems to be less influenced by the environmental conditions than the classical training success of the Q4TE. The success of time and the established instrument Q4TE show connections. In addition, there are also many variables of success of time that don`t show any connection and therefore can provide additional insights into the success of further training. The evaluation of success of time seems to be particularly suitable for repetitive activities. The time success instrument can therefore be an additional opportunity for those responsible in the company, depending on the further training goal, to record this better and to do justice to the increasing role of time in the company context.

Access to further training among adults on the labor market is unequally distributed. In particular, workers in occupations that are likely to be replaced by machines in the future participate less in training. This is mainly because of the job tasks they conduct: workers conducting routine tasks are more likely both to be replaced and to receive less training. As a consequence, technological change may lead to further polarization on the labor market. However, this trend may be cushioned by educational and labor market institutions. In this article, to assess the impact of institutions, the association between job tasks and participation in non-formal job-related training is analyzed in 24 countries from the first and second rounds of the Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC). Multilevel regression analysis is applied to test the influence of macro variables on the task gradient in training. The results reveal that tasks are important predictors of training participation in all countries. Comparing the effects across countries, it is found that tracking in initial education increases inequality in training participation owing to abstract tasks. Vocational orientation, on the other hand, reduces the effect. Furthermore, collective bargaining coverage decreases the effects of tasks on training, whereas strong employment protection legislation increases them. This indicates that the inclusiveness of lifelong learning is already influenced by the initial educational system. Strong unions and dynamic labor markets further enhance access to additional training among vulnerable workers. Der Zugang zu Weiterbildung auf dem Arbeitsmarkt ist ungleich verteilt. Insbesondere Beschäftigte in Berufen, die durch Maschinen ersetzt werden können, nehmen seltener an Kursen teil. Dies liegt an den von ihnen ausgeführten Tätigkeiten: Beschäftigte mit Routinetätigkeiten werden mit größerer Wahrscheinlichkeit ersetzt und erhalten auch weniger Weiterbildung. Somit kann der technologische Wandel zu einer weiteren Polarisierung auf dem Arbeitsmarkt führen. Dieser Trend könnte von Bildungs- und Arbeitsmarktinstitutionen abgefedert werden. Um die Auswirkungen von Institutionen zu erforschen, wird in diesem Beitrag der Zusammenhang zwischen Tätigkeiten und der Teilnahme an non-formalen berufsbezogenen Weiterbildungen in 24 Ländern aus den ersten beiden Runden des „Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies“ (PIAAC) analysiert. Es wird eine Mehrebenenregressionsanalyse angewendet, um den Einfluss von Makrovariablen auf den Tätigkeitsgradienten in der Weiterbildungsteilnahme zu testen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Tätigkeiten wichtige Prädiktoren für die Teilnahme an Weiterbildungskursen in allen Ländern sind. Im Ländervergleich wird deutlich, dass die frühe Zuordnung zu Schulzweigen die Ungleichheit bei der Teilnahme an Weiterbildung, die durch Tätigkeiten entsteht, erhöht. Eine Ausrichtung auf Berufsausbildung hingegen mindert den Effekt. Darüber hinaus werden die Auswirkungen von Tätigkeiten auf die Weiterbildungsteilnahme durch Tarifbindung verringert, während sie durch Kündigungsschutz verschärft werden. Dies zeigt, dass die Ungleichheit beim lebenslangen Lernen bereits durch das Erstausbildungssystem beeinflusst wird. Außerdem verbessern Gewerkschaften und dynamische Arbeitsmärkte den Zugang von schwachen Beschäftigtengruppen zu Weiterbildung.

Context: This study is about vocational education and training for adults within municipal adult education (MAE). Sweden has a long tradition of adult education, and has one of the world's highest proportions of participants in adult education. The Swedish education system is characterised by extensive marketisation with many private actors, particularly in adult education. The focus of this article is on the enactment of the market orientation in vocational adult education, with the purpose of showing how vocational adult education is organised in different ways in Swedish municipalities and how national adult education policy is enacted in local VET practices. Methods: The data consist of documents presenting relevant national policies for adult education, in particular on vocational education, and semi-structured interviews with adult education leaders in 20 municipalities. Findings: The findings show that MAE in Sweden has a clear labour market focus on offering education that corresponds to working life's labour requirements. Most municipalities have a shortage of staff in elderly care and childcare, which is why they offer a large number of training places in these professions. Many immigrants choose these training programmes to get a job. It is also common for municipalities to offer these training programmes in combination with SFI (Swedish for immigrants). This means that MAE fulfils an important function for integration. VET in MAE is offered as school-based training, apprenticeships or distance education. Offering VET at a distance makes it possible to provide a wider range of training programmes, and enables people who have difficulties participating in on-site training (due to commitments such as work or young children) to take part. Apprenticeship training provides work experience and often leads to employment. However, a weak interest in apprenticeship training among students and difficulties finding apprenticeship placements are examples of reasons why the number of apprenticeships is often very limited. Conclusion: Swedish MAE is characterised by flexibility and a broad supply of courses. However, there is a clear focus on certain vocational areas – mainly within the municipal organisation. This gives reason to question whether publicly funded VET for adults should mainly prepare participants for publicly funded labour-market sectors, or whether other sectors could also benefit from newly trained adults. Since vocational training within MAE is of great importance for immigrants' establishment in the labour market, there is a risk that unilateral investments in certain vocations will limit immigrants' career opportunities.

International journal for research in vocational education and training 9 (2022) 2, S. 146-166, Context: This research was conducted in the context of Finnish vocational education and training (VET) teacher training. The teacher training was work-based, meaning that each teacher trainee was already working as an unqualified VET teacher. Workplaces were comprehensively utilised as the learning environment, with teacher training support also being provided in the form of contact days, webinars, and online learning activities. Approach: We aimed to explore the main components of information and communications technology (ICT) competencies among vocational teacher trainees within work-based training and also to reveal the supportive and challenging factors related to developing ICT competencies within the training. Overall, 44 vocational teacher trainees participated in our study. The data were analysed via qualitative content analysis. Findings: Six main ICT competence components were identified during the work-based training: (1) The use and creation of digital learning materials, (2) the planning and use of digital learning environments, (3) synchronous digitally enhanced teaching, (4) general ICT competencies, (5) digital interaction, and (6) digital assessment. The development of teachers' ICT competencies was supported by their own active use of ICT and by experimenting with the ICT software and ideas presented by the teacher training staff. Challenging factors in ICT development included the continuous feeling of haste and the lack of time in the workplace, as well as the failure to recognise prior ICT competencies within the teacher training. This could limit the development of ICT competencies. Conclusions: Work-based VET teacher training has the potential to develop teacher trainees' ICT competencies because it allows immediate implementation and experimentation with regard to new ICT ideas and tools. By aligning this research with prior research, it is possible to construct a comprehensive ICT competence framework to support VET teacher training and workplace development. (DIPF/Orig.)

Zur Vorbereitung des Jahresgutachtens 2022/2023 des Sachverständigenrats zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung wurde das IAB um seine Expertise zur Bedeutung und Weiterentwicklung der beruflichen Weiterbildung gebeten – insbesondere in Zusammenhang mit der technologischen und ökologischen Transformation der Wirtschaft, wodurch zukünftig sowohl auf der einen Seite zahlreiche zusätzliche Fachkräfte gebraucht werden und auf der anderen Seite bestimmte Arbeitsstellen wegfallen werden. Die Erkenntnisse, die das IAB im Herbst 2022 hierzu vorgelegt hat, werden in der vorliegenden Stellungnahme zusammengefasst., IAB-Stellungnahme

The education system is one of the crucial institutional arrangements that shape young people's school-to-work transition. This chapter explores to what extent different aspects of education systems across countries are associated with the likelihood to become long-term NEET. The way the vocational education and training is organised differs across countries. The way education systems are providing vocational education and training depends on the combination of school- and work-based education. The chapter suggests a significant interaction with gender; women living in countries with highly stratified education systems are more likely to become long-term NEET compared to males living in countries with highly stratified education systems.

International journal for research in vocational education and training 9 (2022) 2, S. 239-268, Context: Often, vocational education and training (VET) professionals are not systematically prepared for their demanding, mostly diverse and complex tasks. Professional development can be understood as an enlargement of competencies that arise as opportunities in daily work. This study, embedded in a funded research project, focuses on VET professionals and their professional development. The research question is as follows: What challenges and problems regarding their professional development, as well as possible solutions, are described by training professionals in VET in Germany? Approach: The goal of this study is to discover what challenges VET professionals face and how they cope with them. Accordingly, this research was formalised with the following components: (A) An explorative study with group discussions (N = 53 participants in six groups) and (B) result validation with German VET experts (N = 10). The data were recorded, transcribed and analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Using a theory-based category system, the group discussion results were summarised in 12 systematic, organisational- and individual-level statements. The statements indicated that despite the necessity of formal professional development in the area of further training, most VET professionals must still be able to profit from offers at or below the German Qualification Framework (DQR) level 5. Many VET professionals ultimately sought visible recognition of their activities or personal commitment with regard to pedagogical and company-economic functions. The 10 VET experts also evaluated the 12 statements as important. Conclusion: The results of this study show that there is a huge need for qualification and learning opportunities for VET professionals. The demand is mostly for modern, tried-and-tested concepts and central themes, such as action and competency orientation, practice and transfer orientation, individual and structural reflection, media competency and learning support in all formats and at all levels. (DIPF/Orig.)

Purpose: The present study seeks to examine the efficacy of different training modalities on increasing workplace learning, representatives' intent to transfer what they learned into their work, and importantly how training impacts actual work performance. These relationships are tested in the context of a Chinese division of a multinational pharmaceutical company, where pharmaceutical representatives are tasked with relaying relevant efficacy and safety information on pharmaceutical products to health care professionals who prescribe them to patients. Methods: The present study employed a three-group between-subjects experimental design. Representatives received varying forms of training (instruction only, instruction plus reflection, and instruction, reflection, plus direct feedback) based on experimental conditions. After three training sessions over the course of six weeks, representatives were assessed on how much they learned in the training and their actual work performance through observer assessment of meetings with health care professionals, facilitated by the representatives. Findings: In this study, it was found that the process of actively reflecting on what was learned in training led to increased learning, as well as increased performance, compared to simply studying the material. However, receiving direct feedback on training performance, combined with active reflection training, did not provide any further benefits in terms of learning or work performance. Notably, there were no differences in intent to transfer learned material to work, as all conditions reported high levels of transfer intention. Conclusion: The finding provides insightful evidence to support the benefits of fostering trainees' active reflections for work-based learning in the Chinese industry training scenario. In contrast, receiving direct comments on how students performed from a manager or trainer, as well as advise on how do better in the future, had no effect on increasing learning or performance. Although the effect of direct feedback is not statistically significant in this context, further research should be done in understanding individuals' thoughts and behaviors when received direct feedbacks received in workplace training. Relatively little workplace research has assessed both workplace learning and performance in the same study, specifically in the Chinese context. While training efficacy likely varies across cultures to begin with, compensation structures in China do not provide the same monetary incentives for workplace learning (i.e. chance to increase income) as Western culture. This means that any way to increase workplace learning should be of extra value, as employees otherwise may not engage in it at all.

Betriebliche Weiterbildung stellt für Unternehmen eine wichtige Ressource dar, um in einer sich rasch verändernden Arbeitswelt ihren Beschäftigten die notwendigen Fertigkeiten und Fähigkeiten zu vermitteln. Kann ein Betrieb dauerhaft Stellen nicht besetzen, stehen dem Unternehmen verschiedene unternehmerische Handlungsoptionen zur Verfügung, wobei die Weiterbildung hier gleichfalls eine mögliche Strategie zur Deckung des benötigten Kompetenzbedarfs darstellt. Vor diesem Hintergrund ging die vorliegende Studie der Forschungsfrage nach, ob sich ein positiver Zusammenhang zwischen Weiterbildungsausgaben für Kurse und Schulungen und einem antizipierten Personalmangel feststellen lässt. Auf Basis der Transaktionskostentheorie wurde darüber hinaus ein Anstieg der Ausgaben in Abhängigkeit der Qualifikationsstufen des gesuchten Personals postuliert. Die Hypothese gründet auf der Annahme, dass das ökonomische Risiko in Form von Weiterbildungsausgaben sinkt, wenn ein Kompetenzmangel auf einer höheren Qualifikationsebene auftritt und die Weiterbildung vergleichsweise Höherqualifizierte nach sich zieht. Die empirische Analyse erfolgte auf Basis der österreichischen Daten der EU-weiten Unternehmenserhebung CVTS5 (Continuing Vocational Training Survey 5). Im Rahmen der deskriptiven Analyse konnte zunächst kein positiver Zusammenhang zwischen Weiterbildungsausgaben und Personalmangel festgestellt werden - im Gegenteil, die Aufwendungen für betriebliche Weiterbildungskurse lagen bei Unternehmen ohne Stellenbesetzungsproblemen sogar geringfügig über jenen von Betrieben mit Personalmangel. Der Unterschied war allerdings statistisch nicht signifikant. Die anschließende multivariate Analyse lieferte stark divergierende Ergebnisse. Wird der Qualifikationsgrad des benötigten Personals nicht berücksichtigt, so lässt sich kein Zusammenhang zwischen betrieblichen Kurskosten und Personalmangel feststellen. Werden die Qualifikationsanforderungen der unbesetzten Stellen in die Analyse mitaufgenommen, so zeigt sich, dass ein Anstieg des Anteils an unbesetzten Stellen mit Lehre/BMS-Abschluss mit sinkenden Weiterbildungsaus gaben in Unternehmen in Zusammenhang steht. Auf der anderen Seite steigen die finanziellen Aufwendungen für Schulungen, je größer der Personalmangel auf Matura, Meisterebene ist. Aus Sicht der Autoren kann das als Hinweis betrachtet werden, dass die Bedeutung der klassischen Weiterbildung (in Form von Schulungen und Kursen) möglicherweise als betriebliche Reaktion auf Fachkräftemangel überschätzt wird. Anderen Handlungsmöglichkeiten wie die intensivere Auslastung des bestehenden Personals kommt hier womöglich eine höhere Bedeutung zu. Zukünftige Forschungsprojekte sollten daher verstärkt betrieblichen Planungs- und Entscheidungsprozesse bei dauerhaften Rekrutierungsproblemen in den Mittelpunkt stellen.

Dies ist ein Bericht zu einer praktischen Anwendung der Kollektiven Erinnerungsarbeit außerhalb des akademischen Bereichs. Eine Gruppe stellvertretender Leiterinnen in Kindertagesstätten nutzte die Methode für eine intensive Reflexion ihrer beruflichen Praxis. Das Essay beschreibt die Bandbreite der Themen, die die Gruppe in ihrem Projekt entdeckte. Kommentare der Teilnehmerinnen geben einen Eindruck von den Effekten und dem Potential der Kollektiven Erinnerungsarbeit als Mittel (beruflicher) Reflexionsprozesse, hier am konkreten Beispiel institutionalisierter Erziehung. Der Beitrag verweist auf einen Weg zu einer Praxis der Philosophy der Praxis. This is an account of a practical application of Collective Memory-Work outside the realms of academia. A group of deputy managers in childcare centres used the method for an intense reflection on their professional practices. The essay describes the topical scope that the group discovered during their Collective Memory-Work project. Participants' voices in the essay give an impression of the effects and the potential of Collective Memory-Work as a means for (professional) reflection processes, here exemplified for the particular environment of institutionalised education. The essay points to a roadmap for practising a philosophy of praxis.

Polish Abstract: Raport omawia następujące zagadnienia: - Definicje i funkcje outplacementu - Znaczenie pracy zawodowej - Oddziaływanie bezrobocia na aktywne poszukiwanie pracy - Aktywność pracodawców i pracowników na rzecz zapobiegania zwolnieniom - Wsparcie pracowników zwalnianych i pozostających w przedsiębiorstwie - Outplacement w lokalnej polityce rynku pracy - Korzyści i bariery stosowania outplacementu z perspektywy pracowników English Abstract: This report discusses the following topics: - Definitions and functions outplacement - The importance of human work - The impact of unemployment on active job search - Activity of employers and employees to prevent layoffs - Support for laid-off workers and employees staying in the enterprise - Outplacement in the local labor market policy - Benefits and barriers to the use of outplacement from the perspective of firms

This publication provides a summary of the experience of the research and implementation project "PI-PWP: Innovation on the Cusp - testing and implementation of new methods of outplacement "carried out at the request of the Regional Labour Office in Bialystok, under the Operational Programme Human Capital, Measure 8.1 Development of employees and enterprises in the region, sub-measure 8.1.1 Supporting the development of professional skills and consultancy for businesses, co-financed by the European Union under the European Social Fund. The aim of the project was to adapt, create, evaluate, disseminate and implement in the Podlaskie Voievodship until the June 2015 two models of outplacement: for employers and employees of companies undergoing modernization and adaptation processes.

Context: European policies describe the key role of teachers’ Vocational Education and Training (VET) in improving students’ learning outcomes. In order to improve teacher education, Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) policies identify competency models as the main framework for understanding teacher professionalism and designing VET policies. By reinterpreting these models through the capability approach, this article aims to identify more relevant competences of preschool teachers in the public and private services of northern and central Italy.Methods: The research began with a comparative analysis of VET policies for preschool teachers to outline more common competences used to define their professional profile. This led to the creation of a new, re-thought competency model used to design a quantitative survey to describe teachers’ competences in preschool settings. The self-assessment questionnaire was built on the following competence areas: Management of educational and relational processes, teamwork and large-scale teamwork, networking and governance. The self-assessment questionnaire evaluated 65 preschool teachers’ pre-acquired competences and development levels and those more desirable for the future (called “ideal” co.). The comparison of areas and their values reveals critical results, particularly related to teamwork competences at different levels.Results: The study outlines the structure of preschool teacher professionalism based on “traditional” competences (e.g., educational relationships with children) and some “innovative” competences (e.g., networking and governance), which appeared to be more desirable in teachers’ evaluations. However, the comparison of the data reveals that governance competences are better evaluated then teamwork co., introducing some hypotheses about the quality of relationships in the community of practice.Conclusions: The research outlines how the competences emerging as relevant for teachers need to be better activated in professional settings to become strategically important. The results related to teamwork and governance competences focus on the importance of informal and extended learning contexts to teachers’ socio-relational competence development. The organization of the school system needs to be re-thought and extracurricular competences need to increase to foster the generative development of informal learning communities at intra- and extra-school levels. According to the capability approach, the research reveals the extreme complexity of preschool teacher professionalism. For vocational education and training, its underlines the re-thinking of the preschool teacher profile as a co-designer of learning environments, which includes building formal and informal competences to foster communities of practice as a learning and generative process.

The article investigates how institutional arrangements at the organizational and sectoral level affect the likelihood and size of employer investments in continuing training for low‐skilled workers in Germany. By building on comparative political economy and organizational theory, hypotheses are derived and tested. Regression analysis based on the IAB Establishment Survey (waves 2011 and 2013) shows evidence that the training participation of low‐skilled workers is related to institutional differences between sectors and organizations. At the organizational level, structures of employee representation and formalized [human resource] HR policies are positively associated with higher rates of training participation among low‐skilled workers. Moreover, there is evidence that low‐skilled workers benefit in organizational clusters that are characterized by structures of employee representation, formalized HR practices, and bargaining coverage. At the sectoral level, this study finds evidence that low‐skilled workers in the health care and manufacturing sector are more likely to receive continuing training.

Um den hohen Anforderungen an das betriebliche Bildungspersonal in der beruflichen Aus-, Fort- und Weiterbildung gerecht zu werden und dessen Stärkung sowie Professionalisierung zu ermöglichen, wurden mit der Wiedereinsetzung der Ausbildereignungsverordnung (AEVO) im Jahr 2009 auch zwei bundeseinheitliche Fortbildungsregelungen ("Geprüfte*r Aus- und Weiterbildungspädagoge*in" auf Fachwirt-/Meister-Ebene und "Geprüfter Berufspädagoge/Geprüfte Berufspädagogin") erlassen. Daran geknüpfte Erwartungen eines Professionalisierungsschubs beim außerschulischen Bildungspersonal haben sich nicht erfüllt – die (prüfungsstatistische) Nachfrage nach dem Fortbildungsprofil "Geprüfte*r Berufspädagoge/in" bzw. die Angebote für entsprechende Vorbereitungslehrgänge bleiben seit längerem hinter den prognostizierten Erwartungen zurück. Es fehlen empirische Erkenntnisse über die Beurteilung der Fortbildung durch Absolventinnen und Absolventen, über die Gründe, die für die Aufnahme dieser Fortbildung ausschlaggebend sind sowie darüber, wie die Attraktivität des Fortbildungsprofils gesteigert werden kann. Die im Zeitraum 15. Februar bis 14. Dezember 2018 durchgeführte Studie zielte darauf ab, ein Gesamtbild zum Stand des Fortbildungsabschlusses Geprüfte*r Berufspädagoge*in zu zeichnen, um dessen Attraktivität und Akzeptanz einschätzen zu können. Dazu gehören Erfahrungen der Absolventinnen und Absolventen mit der Fortbildung und mit der beruflichen Verwertbarkeit des Abschlusses. Dazu gehört auch die Sichtweise der Bildungsdienstleister, die die Vorbereitungslehrgänge anbieten sowie der Kammern, die die Prüfungen organisieren und durchführen.

Seit 1993 gibt es an der heutigen Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg einen weiterbildenden Studiengang der Erwachsenenbildung. Im Beitrag wird der Blick auf 25 Jahre Entwicklungsgeschichte, Gelingensbedingungen und aktuelle Herausforderungen gerichtet. In einem moderierten Gespräch rekonstruieren und bewerten vier zu unterschiedlichen Zeiten verantwortliche Professoren die Geschichte und aktuelle Situation des Studiengangs. Dies sind Erich Schäfer als Akteur der ersten Stunde, Michael Dick für die Zeit der Umstellung vom Zertifikats- zum Masterstudium sowie Olaf Dörner und Johannes Fromme, die seit einigen Jahren den Studiengang unterstützt durch Olaf Freymark und Heike Schröder leiten. Das 2,5-stündige Gespräch führte Linda Vieback. Abgedruckt ist nicht die vollständige ursprüngliche Diskussion, sondern eine gekürzte und im Nachgang von den Herausgeber:innen in Abstimmung mit den Diskutanten redaktionell überarbeitete und in Details ergänzte Fassung.

Der Leitfaden stellt ein innovatives Lernformat für nicht formal Qualifizierte vor und gibt Arbeitsmarkt- und Bildungsakteur:innen einen Überblick über die Etablierung auf dem regionalen Bildungsmarkt. Die Lernangebote aus dem Projekt Pro-up fördern berufliche Kompetenzen durch Lernprozessbegleitung und basieren auf dem kombinierten Einsatz bei Bildungsdienstleistern und Betrieben. Nach einer Einführung in Hintergründe und Entstehung stellen Dominique Dauser und Thomas Kretschmer das Konzept vor und zeigen anhand von Praxisbeispielen aus einer Pilotphase, wie die Lernarrangements an Branchen- und Berufsspezifika angepasst werden können. Didaktische Gestaltung, Aufbau und Zielgruppe der Lernsettings sind Themen weiterer Kapitel. Ausführlich wird erläutert, wie die Angebote auf dem regionalen Bildungsmarkt etabliert werden können und welche Anforderungen, besonders für Weiterbildungsanbieter, mit dem Perspektivwechsel vom Seminaranbieter zum Weiterbildungsmanager verbunden sind. Das Konzept wurde im Projekt Pro-up entwickelt und mehrfach bundesweit in fünf Arbeitsagenturbezirken erprobt. Das Projekt 'Innovative Weiterbildungsangebote für nicht formal Qualifizierte' (Pro-up) wurde durch das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) gefördert und vom Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung (BIBB) sowie der Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA) begleitet. Der Grundlagenband 'Weiterbildungsangebote für nicht formal Qualifizierte' stellt das Projekt und seine Ergebnisse vor.

Despite technological progress and the resulting changes, the human actor remains the decisive critical factor for the economic success of companies. This paper presents an interdisciplinary approach and research design to examine issues of unequal access to training in the new digital workplace. The research project combines an in-depth state-of-the-art study with an experimental design that tests in a lab environment how learning barriers can be tackled by manipulating the educational situation. In a final step, the methods developed and the results of the experiment are implemented and evaluated in the real situation using the example of one or more companies. The aim of the study is to identify possibilities for different actors in companies to better design working and learning conditions., Weizenbaum Conference

Todays working environment faces the major challenges of demographical change and digitalization. Deficit-oriented stereotypes question the ability of older employees to keep pace with these technological innovations. Consequently, the elderly are perceived as less valuable for the company leading to fewer vocational training offers. Facing this dilemma, this contribution aims at uncovering the prevailing stereotypes against older employees and present a new approach of looking at older generations. Focusing existing experienced-based knowledge instead of assumed deficits as a starting point for further didactical work and research, basics of age-appropriate vocational training get pointed out in order to raise target group specific potentials in the context of the challenges of digitalization., Weizenbaum Conference

Context: This paper reports on a study of the progress of vocational education and training (VET) and the need for further profession-oriented training of lecturers in public, technical vocational colleges in South Africa, under the consideration of societal and political conditions.Approach: The study is based on a mixed methods approach in which an analysis of educational policy documents and a qualitative and a quantitative study with VET teachers and representatives of education authorities in South Africa are conducted.Findings: The classification of the results is conducted in line with the conditions defined by Phillips and Ochs regarding policy transfers. The following can thus be observed through the bilateral relationship between Germany and South Africa: (1) The Guiding Philosophy of the educational system is characterised by societal and political power structures. This is evident in an analysis of approved reforms within the last two decades. (2) The desired effects of “Ambitions Goals” have thus far not taken hold. Nonetheless, there is a willingness to enact reforms to continue developing vocational education, including the training and further education of lecturers that must be noted. Minimum requirements regarding lecturers’ basic qualifications have been formulated, which one in five vocational lecturers in South Africa currently cannot fulfil. (3) The Strategies formulated to implement training methods face the main problem of difficulty in implementation in colleges. (4) The Enabling Structures, i.e. the education-management-system as well as the financial and personnel support of the educational system, are widely perceived by lecturers as unsupportive, ineffective and discriminatory. This is observed, for example, when looking at the equipment used, teachers’ salaries, classroom sizes as well as the mentorship programme and further training opportunities. (5) Processes: a discrepancy exists on the level of the lecturers and the central need for further training regarding modern technologies, especially those used by foreign firms in their production in South Africa. (6) The results of the conducted study document a high variation of qualifications among TVET lecturers when it examines their teaching Techniques.Conclusions: Overall, the empirical results of the study reveal a complex structure with respect to the requirements for further training of TVET lecturers, describe central needs for further training of lecturers and deliver connectable knowledge for both the practical educational advancement of lecturer training and further education training, as well as for research in the context of the internationalisation of vocational training in South Africa.

In recent years, there has been a huge debate on how modern sensor technology and the increasing connectivity of production systems have changed industrial production processes and working conditions. This article contributes to the discussion on the effects of digitalization on skill development under different working conditions with the following question: How has learning in the work-process changed with the introduction of data-based technologies? To examine the interaction between digital assistance systems and organizational parameters on informal learning, we analyzed the implementation of digital assistant systems in two different groups: low-skilled assembly workers and high-skilled shop floor managers. Our findings suggest that a lack of autonomy in workplaces has negative impacts on informal learning and thus skill development. When the design of assistance systems perpetuates preexisting inequalities in the working conditions, their use can contribute to a polarization of qualifications and a digital divide of the workforce., Weizenbaum Conference

Für die IT-Branche ist Innovationsfähigkeit ein hohes Gut. Spezielles Wissen, Weitblick, Problemlösefähigkeiten, eine produktive Gestaltung der Zusammenarbeit und die Bereitschaft zu eigenverantwortlichem Denken und Handeln spielen eine große Rolle. Die Studie untersucht insbesondere kleinere und mittelständische Betriebe, welchen besonderen Blick sie auf das berufliche Lernen haben und wie sie Fragen der Weiterbildung praktisch angehen.

The effects of the digitization of the work provide companies and educational institutions uncertainty. Therefore new future working skills of employees will be necessary. This applies in particular to those employees in the field of information technology who are particularly affected by digitization and who mostly perform on the technologically cutting edge of information technology. The practical part of this article aims to present an analysis model which explores the work activities of IT specialists through quantitative and qualitative analysis methods and shows which informal skills are placed in the work activities of the employees. A methodological triangulation should enable a multi-layered view of work activity. The developed framework will be discussed during the conference contribution in order to enable reflection and improvement of the approach with the aim of enabling a good practice for other researchers., Weizenbaum Conference

Die Expertise fokussiert die neuen Qualifikations- und Kompetenzanforderungen, die für die Produktionsbeschäftigten in der Industrie 4.0 durch die zunehmende Vernetzung und Digitalisierung der betrieblichen und überbetrieblichen Wertschöpfungskette entstehen werden. Diese Entwicklung läuft in vielen Unternehmen gerade erst an, sodass derzeit keine gesicherten Aussagen über die Folgen für die Beschäftigten vorliegen. Auf der Basis vorliegender Studien und zweier Betriebsfälle werden unterschiedliche Szenarien über die zukünftige Entwicklung der Arbeit 4.0 diskutiert, aus denen jeweils spezifische Qualifikations- und Kompetenzbedarfe resultieren. Darüber hinaus wird die betriebliche Weiterbildungssituation in den Blick genommen: Sind die Unternehmen in der Lage, ihre Beschäftigten auf die Industrie 4.0 vorzubereiten? Für die erkannten Herausforderungen werden Handlungsvorschläge für die landespolitischen Akteure abgeleitet. This paper ocusses on worker's future requirements concerning their technical and vocational skills amid an accelerating digitization of industry. However, at present no profound conclusions can be drawn, because the digitization is still at its beginning. Thus, on the basis of a systematic literature review and two business cases two scenarios are discussed, typifying possible demands of skills and competencies. Furthermore, the focus is pointed especially at the question concerning the resources of companies to promote further training/qualification. Finally, implications regarding labour-policy and state legislature are derived.

Politik und Wirtschaft weisen regelmäßig auf die Bedeutung von (Weiter‑)Bildung für individuelle Lebenschancen hin. Ob non-formale berufliche Weiterbildung, also Kurse und Lehrgänge, welche den Großteil der Weiterbildungsanstrengungen in Deutschland darstellen, zu sozialem Aufstieg führen, ist in der Literatur nicht abschließend geklärt. In dieser Studie untersuchen wir den Einfluss von non-formaler Weiterbildung auf Arbeitsmarktmobilität mit Daten des Nationalen Bildungspanels (NEPS) über den Zeitraum von 2009 bis 2016. Die Event-History-Modelle für diskrete Zeitintervalle zeigen, dass betriebliche Weiterbildung entgegen gängiger theoretischer Annahmen, insbesondere der Humankapitaltheorie, eher Mobilität reduziert und somit individuelle Karrierestabilität erzeugt: Konkret wird Abstiegen vorgebeugt (Sicherheitsnetzfunktion); es werden aber auch Aufstiege und Betriebswechsel verringert. Die Befunde legen für die zukünftige Weiterbildungs- und Mobilitätsforschung nahe, Transaktionskostentheorien sowie den Betriebskontext stärker ins Kalkül zu ziehen und betriebliche sowie nicht-betriebliche non-formale Weiterbildung zu differenzieren. Politicians and the business leaders regularly stress the importance of (further) education for individual life chances. Still, it is far from clear whether non-formal further training, i. e. short training courses, which are the most common forms of further education in Germany, lead to career advancement. In this study, we analyze the impact of non-formal further training on labor market mobility using data from the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) over the period from 2009 to 2016. Event history models for discrete time intervals show that employer-provided courses reduce mobility and promote career stability, which contradicts hypotheses derived from human capital theory, which is commonly used in the literature. More concretely, employer-provided courses prevent downward mobility (safety net function), but also reduce upward mobility and firm changes. Based on these findings, we suggest that future research should consider transaction costs and the firm context as well as the distinction between employer-provided and non-employer-provided training.

Context: Vocational education and training enables young people to quickly and effectively enter the labour market. To advance their careers and to develop their professional expertise even more, they must then further their education through higher vocational or higher academic education. In this study, we looked at young people at work: What motivates them to move on towards higher education? As they are engaged in their jobs, their work situations will affect their further educational engagement. We hypothesised that individuals will more likely move towards higher education if their workplaces offer learning opportunities and social support. Human capacities, attitudes, and goals at work develop mainly in informal or non-formal learning situations and in their interactions with their teams. We tested the effect of these workplace factors by taking into account additional important predictors of educational pathways, such as sociodemographic factors (social background, nationality, gender) and motivational factors (values). Methods: Data stemmed from a multi-cohort longitudinal survey on educational decisions and educational pathways in the German part of Switzerland (BEN), running from 2012 to 2016. The selected sample consisted of 601 working individuals who were not engaged in higher education in 2014. Multinomial logistic regressions were run to test the hypothesis.Findings: First, we found that only 35% of the individuals who wanted to become engaged in higher vocational education in 2012 became engaged up to 2016 compared with those intending to become involved in higher academic education, where the rate varied by age—from younger to older—between 45% and 70%. Second, we found distinctive predictors for becoming engaged in higher vocational or academic education. Workplace factors predict engagement in higher vocational education but not sociodemographic factors, whereas sociodemographic and not workplace factors predict engagement in higher academic education. A significant predictor for both groups is the value attributed to higher education.Conclusions: The unique contribution of this paper is to show that distinct patterns of becoming engaged in higher vocational or higher academic education exist. These results confirmed the persistent effect of sociodemographic factors that shape the pathway to higher academic education. Moreover, the results indicated that an individual’s value and workplace factors contribute to enabling paths to higher vocational education, as this depends not on sociodemographic factors but on shaping the work environment that supports learning at work.

Berufliche Weiterbildung ist ein Weg, um sich den wandelnden Anforderungen des Arbeitsmarktes anzupassen. Eine wichtige Voraussetzung für die Teilnahme an beruflicher Weiterbildung ist erstens, dass Maßnahmen verfügbar sind. Zweitens muss es Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmern möglich sein, Zugang zu den Maßnahmen zu erhalten. Drittens müssen sie auch bereit sein, sich an derartigen Programmen zu beteiligen. Wir untersuchen mithilfe eines faktoriellen Surveys, wie die Ausgestaltungsbedingungen einer (hypothetischen) Weiterbildungsmaßnahme die selbsteingeschätzte Teilnahmewahrscheinlichkeit von Beschäftigten beeinflussen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Teilnahmewahrscheinlichkeit steigt, wenn die Weiterbildung auf die Arbeitszeit angerechnet wird, der Arbeitgeber die Weiterbildungskosten voll übernimmt, und wenn sich die Weiterbildung für den Arbeitnehmer oder die Arbeitnehmerin finanziell auszahlt. Längere Pendelzeiten zur Weiterbildungsstätte wirken sich hingegen negativ auf die Teilnahmebereitschaft aus. Insgesamt weisen die Ergebnisse auf einige Ausgestaltungsmerkmale von Weiterbildungen hin, mit denen sich die Bereitschaft von Beschäftigten zur Teilnahme - positiv oder negativ - beeinflussen lässt. Dies kann vor allem wichtig sein, um Personengruppen zu erreichen, die bisher vergleichsweise wenig an beruflicher Weiterbildung teilnehmen. Further training is one way to adapt the workforce to the changing demands of the labour market. An important condition for further training to take place - besides the availability of adequate programmes and the access to programs - is the willingness of employees to participate in those courses. We conduct a factorial survey to analyse which characteristics of further training programmes have an impact on the willingness of employees to participate in training. The findings show that the self-assessed probability of workers that they would participate in a programme increases if courses take place during working hours, if the employer fully finances training, and if participants can expect financial returns. In contrast, longer commuting times to the training vicinity have a negative impact on the self-assessed probability to participate. The study contributes to the discussion on training motivation and show how features of further training courses can increase or decrease participation. This can be particularly important if one aims to motivate groups currently underrepresented in further training to participate in such activities.

Context: Vocational education and training (VET) is expected to be designed for creating learning outcomes which meet the needs for skills and competences in the labour market. Hence, identifying current and upcoming skill requirements and ensuring that these requirements are incorporated into education has long been the subject of academic and policy discussion. Governance processes keeping VET systems up-to-date have been more recently addressed as `feedback mechanisms'. The term broadly summarizes the interplay of institutions, actors and processes which allows the continuous renewal of VET provision (i.e. by creating new qualifications or updating curricula). The aim of the paper is to enhance the understanding of cross-national variations in formally institutionalised `feedback mechanisms' between VET and the labour market.Method: The research builds on a comparative analysis of case studies in 15 European countries. The paper presents examples for four different `formal feedback mechanisms' in Germany, France, England, and Austria.Results: Four main types of formal mechanism have been identified: 1) The liberal model explained by VET in England and Higher VET in Austria; 2) The statist model explained by school-based VET in Austria; 3) the participatory model explained by VET in France and 4) the coordinated model explained by apprenticeship training in Germany and Austria.Conclusions: Existing approaches in the economic sociology of labour markets, the varieties of capitalism approach as well as comparative research on welfare states are useful in predicting whether particular VET systems are likely to be predominant. However, they do not provide an alternative in describing differences in VET systems which the concept of formal feedback mechanism does. Moreover, by analysing formal feedback mechanisms, it is possible to demarcate where a VET sub-system ends and another VET sub-systems begins. In this sense research presented here also asks for new standards for comparative VET research as it suggests that entities to be compared are not countries' overall VET systems, but their potential sub-systems.

Companies that are ready to compete must have effective management. To improve employee performance ineffective management requires the support of qualified and competent employees in their field. On the other hand the coaching of employees including who should be prioritized as the main asset of the company. The learning process should be a corporate culture so that the skills of the employees can be maintained, even improved. In this case, the loyalty of competent employees must be considered. Therefore, understanding and development of human resources within a company organization becomes very important. This study aims to analyze the effect simultaneously and partially between the variables of education and training and leadership on employee performance. The sample of the research was conducted at PT. Hutama Agung Jakarta Indonesia as many as 94 people. The sampling technique used random sampling technique and the analysis using path analysis. The results showed that the variables of education and training and leadership influence simultaneously and partially on employee performance.

Mehr als eine Dekade nach Einführung der Grundsicherung für Arbeitsuchende im Jahr 2005 zieht das IAB erneut Bilanz. Der Bericht bündelt die Ergebnisse der Wirkungsforschung zur Grundsicherung für Arbeitsuchende aus den Jahren 2013 bis 2016 und bietet somit eine Gesamtschau der in diesem Zeitraum gewonnenen Erkenntnisse. Vorgestellt werden Befunde zu folgenden Themenkomplexen: - Struktur und Dynamik im Leistungsbezug - Beratung und Vermittlung in den Jobcentern - Wirkungen arbeitsmarktpolitischer Maßnahmen - Lebenslagen und soziale Teilhabe der Leistungsberechtigten - Gesamtwirtschaftliche Perspektiven auf die Grundsicherung Auf Basis dieser Forschungsergebnisse reflektieren die Autoren die bisherige Entwicklung der Grundsicherung für Arbeitsuchende und verweisen auf zukünftige Herausforderungen.

Context: Teachers in vocational education and training (VET teachers) have specific conditions for their continuing professional development (CPD). They have a background in an initial occupation, in which they now teach and train the next generation. Thus, as VET teachers, they are expected to master the knowledge and skills of that occupa- tion, even if they have now crossed the boundary from the community of their initial occupation to the community of the school. This study explores the perceived values among VET teachers of different activities that may contribute to their CPD in teaching subjects/initial occupations. The study examines VET at the upper secondary level in Sweden. Here, the VET teachers have the main responsibility for students’ vocational learning in the vocational subjects, including the work-based parts. In the latter parts, the teachers are supplemented by supervisors at the workplace. Approach: We argue for the duality of a VET teacher identity with a professional competence that comprises two intertwined parts – teaching skills, and knowledge of the teaching subjects based in the teachers’ initial occupations. Our study is based on a situated learning perspective, and the empirical findings particularly concern values created from learning through participation and boundary crossing. CPD activities typi- cally include some form of participation in and/or boundary crossing between school and work-life practices. In the analysis we also include the possible influence of institutional, situational, and dispositional drivers and barriers for participation in different activities. The research question was: what factors can explain the variation in perceived values created by participation in different CPD activities among VET teachers? The study was conducted as a survey of 886 Swedish VET teachers. Focus was put on the values created through different types of activity, values for the teachers’ vocational knowledge, for networks in working life, and for teaching. The data were primarily analysed using logistic regression modelling. Findings: Dispositional drivers, the teacher’s sex, and regular performance of the ac- tivity are important for the perceived value. The dispositional factor is the one most commonly retained, and it has a consistently positive effect. Factors such as educa- tional background and vocational training have weaker influence, which suggests that individual driving factors are important when VET teachers assess the value of CPD activities. Conclusions: The study covers a general challenge for VET teachers, but is of particular relevance in systems with a high degree of school-based VET, full-time employed VET teachers, and VET teachers who are responsible for students’ vocational learning. Here, the values for vocational knowledge, for networks, and for teaching that are created through different activities are important for the VET teacher identity. They are also interrelated, and together they provide professional development in relation to the initial occupation, and for the occupation as a vocational teacher. Teachers’ development of subject knowledge – a study of vocational teachers’ competence development in their vocational subjects

In diesem Beitrag berichten wir von einer Studie, in der untersucht wurde, wie interkulturelle Schulentwicklung aus der Perspektive von in der Schule Tätigen gelingen kann. Die große Zahl vor allem junger Migrant/innen übt gegenwärtig großen Handlungsdruck auf Schule und Schulsystem aus. Mittels Gruppendiskussionen mit Lehrer/innen, Schulleiter/innen und Lehrer/innenausbilder/innen wurde erarbeitet, welche Strukturen, Maßnahmen, Haltungen und Kooperationen für einen interkulturellen Schulentwicklungsprozess als erforderlich betrachtet werden. Durch inhaltsanalytische Auswertung nach MAYRING (2000, 2010) ließen sich die Sichtweisen, Einschätzungen und Bewertungen der Gruppendiskussionsteilnehmenden zu einem Kategoriensystem bzw. übergeordneten Themenfeldern zusammenfassen. Daraus wurden Gelingensbedingungen abgeleitet, die verschiedene Ebenen schulischen Handelns, beispielsweise die strukturelle, personale und soziale Ebene adressieren. Interkulturelle Schulentwicklung erfordert eine Öffnung der Schule nach außen: Eltern sind durch geeignete Angebote für eine Teilnahme am Schulleben zu gewinnen. Die Einzelschule muss sich mit außerschulischen Hilfeeinrichtungen vernetzen, ebenso aber auch selbst (Beratungs-) Angebote für Schüler/innen und Lehrer/innen initiieren. Die Ausbildung von Haltungen ist zu fördern, Kooperation und Teamarbeit von Lehrer/innen sind zu intensivieren. Die Auswertung legt daneben die Schlussfolgerung nahe, dass interkulturelle Schulentwicklung längerfristig ohne zusätzliche Ressourcen und eine Weiterqualifikation Lehrender nicht zu verwirklichen ist. Lösungen für bestehende Sprachbarrieren zwischen Lehrkräften, Schüler/innen und Eltern machen sowohl strukturelle Maßnahmen als auch Regelungen für die Einzelschulen erforderlich. URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs170281, Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, Vol 18, No 2 (2017)

Working more ambitiously - learning more? Vocational continuing education in the age of digitalisation Nowadays, employees are part of a rather dynamic working environment, which is significantly marked by increasing digitalisation. As a result, qualification and competence requirements as well as job contents are changing. Findings by the qualification panel of the Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB) indicate that a company's higher digitalisation level requires higher skill profiles. More digitalised companies also have a larger number continuing education measures, which reveals the aspiration to prepare employees for the digital change. Beschäftigte sind heutzutage in einem sehr dynamischen Arbeitsumfeld tätig, welches maßgeblich von einer zunehmenden Digitalisierung geprägt ist. Dadurch verändern sich sowohl die Qualifikations- und Kompetenzanforderungen als auch die Tätigkeitsinhalte am Arbeitsplatz. Ergebnisse des BIBB-Qualifizierungspanels zeigen, dass ein höherer Digitalisierungsgrad von Betrieben mit höheren Tätigkeitsanforderungen an die Beschäftigten einhergeht. Die stärker digitalisierten Betriebe weisen zudem eine deutlich höhere Anzahl an Weiterbildungsmaßnahmen auf. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass Beschäftigte für den digitalen Wandel fit gemacht werden sollen.

The steady increase in science-related requirements in operational areas of skilled and managing workforce is influencing worldwide the discourse on shaping professionalization. This article focuses on the compatibility of professional and scientific competence-oriented learning outcomes of qualification programmes within and across the education and training sectors. It is assumed that there is not, per se, a conceptual dichotomy in designing education and training programmes and credentials in a competence-oriented manner to address complex professional and scientific requirements in education and training in a compatible way. The article tries to shift the discussion from a systemic and institutional focus to a conceptual- and requirement-oriented perspective on qualification design. Using Germany as an example, it discusses the conceptual intersections of Vocational Education and Training and academic Higher Education on competence, and comparatively analyzes competence-oriented instruments for the classification and the transparency of learning outcomes and their application in the education practice of dual study programmes with vocational reference qualifications. On this basis, the article elucidates identified characteristics of comprehensive professional-scientific competences and relevant requirement areas in education and training. In addition, further prerequisites for an integrated competence acquisition in education programmes are discussed as well. It is assumed that these characteristics can also be regarded as important prerequisites for the connectivity of qualifications and permeable pathways within and between education systems.

Inhalt: I Arbeitsmarktpolitische Maßnahmen; I.I Einführung und Resümee; I.II Beratung und Vermittlung; I.III Langfristige Wirkungen von geförderter beruflicher Weiterbildung; I.IV Bildungsgutscheine; I.V Weiterbildungsabsicht von Arbeitslosen und Kompetenzen formal Geringqualifizierter; I.VI Initiative zur Flankierung des Strukturwandels (IFlaS); I.VII Weiterbildung Geringqualifizierter und beschäftigter älterer Arbeitnehmer in Unternehmen (WeGebAU); I.VIII Berufsvorbereitende Bildungsmaßnahmen der Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BvB); I.IX Maßnahmen im Rahmen beruflicher Rehabilitation für Menschen mit Behinderung; I.X Sozialer Arbeitsmarkt; Literatur zu Kapitel I.

Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in Sub-Saharan Africa: the missing middle in post-school education; Cross-country comparison of TVET systems, practices and policies and employability of youth in Sub-Saharan Africa. Both focus on the current situation of school graduates in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Bibliographie: Koslowski, Constanze: Professionalisierende Effekte wissenschaftlicher Begleitarbeit fur Fach- und Lehrkrafte im Forschungsprojekt „Bildungshaus 3-10“, Diskurs Kindheits- und Jugendforschung, 3-2014, S. 377-382. https://doi.org/10.3224/diskurs.v9i3.16629

Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of medical professionals and nurses of the family health strategy on sickle-cell disease. Method: This is a quantitative study of the universe of physicians and nurses that make up the family health strategy teams (n=104). The data were collected through a questionnaire in the period from March to May of 2012, descriptive and inferential analysis of the numeric variables. Results: The majority of the professionals were women (61.5%), specialized (85.6%) and having less than five years of experience in the family health strategy (34.6%). Part of the physicians (29.8%) have adequate knowledge on sickle cell anemia and 54.6% have regular knowledge on the disease, while more than half of nurses (54.4%) have inadequate knowledge. Conclusion: The findings point to the need for permanent education of the primary care professionals, since it is on the main port of access for users.

Formal Geringqualifizierte sind besonders darauf angewiesen, Lerngelegenheiten zu nutzen, die ihnen außerhalb der Bildungseinrichtungen im Job, im Austausch mit Kollegen und in der Freizeit geboten werden. Wie wird dies in anderen europäischen Ländern gehandhabt? Der Beitrag stellt die Kernergebnisse der von der Bertelsmann-Stiftung erstellten Studie "Kompetenzen anerkennen. Was Deutschland von anderen Staaten lernen kann" vor.

Für den Erhalt der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit von Unternehmen ist eine strategische Personalentwicklung als Teil des Human Resource Management unerlässlich. Moderne Unternehmen arbeiten dazu intensiv an der Identifizierung von Qualifikationen und Kompetenzen die sie heute und morgen am Markt benötigen. Weiterbildung und Qualifizierung sowie Entwicklung der Beschäftigten sichern, dass zukünftige Anforderungen erfüllt werden können. Der Anspruch des lebenslangen Lernens ist schon lange Realität in der heutigen Arbeitsgesellschaft. Mitarbeitergespräche, Zielvereinbarungen sowie Entwicklungspläne und Weiterbildung dienen dazu, Arbeitsabläufe zu optimieren und die Beschäftigten besser an den Betrieb zu binden. Der vorliegende Bericht wertet dazu aktuelle Daten der repräsentativen und deutschlandweiten Betriebs- und Beschäftigtenbefragung, dem sog. Linked Personnel Panel (LLP) aus und zeigt, wie Unternehmen heute Instrumente der Personalentwicklung nutzen und wie Beschäftigte darauf reagieren.

Vocational Education and Training (VET) is offered throughout the world to students of various educational backgrounds and career aspirations in an effort to create a skilled workforce. The structure of VET varies greatly across different fields and countries with high-growth, low-growth, and transitional economies. However, a common critique of many vocational institutions is that they focus on skills training without addressing related business systems. Thus, students may not understand the business strategies related to their field, which stifles job readiness and entrepreneurial potential. To counter this, a more context-driven and integrated entrepreneurial approach is proposed for VET. Benefits, disadvantages, and exemplars of various types of vocational and entrepreneurial programs are evaluated to determine how their strengths might be leveraged. Such integrated entrepreneurial and vocational training would more suitably address context-specific market needs via both practical and transferrable skills, thus helping to reduce unemployment, particularly among youth in sub-Saharan Africa.

International journal for research in vocational education and training 3 (2016) 3, S. 166-184, The present study introduces a systemic model that demonstrates a description of the relationship between the labour-market and vocational education from the perspective of systemic theory. Based on the application of the relevant methodology, the two open social systems are identified and analyzed. Their key-features are presented and the points of contact are examined and linked, with the purpose to define more efficient manners of interrelation. This study has been conducted using information from the equivalent systems of Greece, as an example, and proposes this systemic method for further research in other countries as well. (DIPF/Orig.)

The transfer of vocational education and training (VET) systems is currently the subject of lively international debate, but there has so far been very little documentation of the process or analysis of how such transfers are achieved in practical terms. This paper therefore considers the potential for transferring Germany's "dual" vocational training system to German subsidiaries abroad, specifically in China, India, Japan and the USA. Using the EPRG typology as a theoretical framework, the paper systematises the range of training strategies deployed by German subsidiaries. It analyses the findings of interviews with training officers and Directors of Human Resources in more than 40 German subsidiaries abroad. These interviews show clearly that local factors in the host country exert such a strong influence that it is not possible completely to transfer the German VET system to another country. What is more likely is that an accommodation is reached with local VET structures, local labour market conditions and other socio-cultural features. The findings suggest that policy borrowing in the area of VET is likely to be only partial and will be strongly influenced by the national characteristics of the host country.

Immer wieder wird lautstark in den Medien über den Demographiewandel und den Fachkräftemangel berichtet. Es werden schon fast "paradiesische" Zeiten für eher benachteiligte Personengruppen, wie zum Beispiel Frauen, gering Qualifizierte oder auch ältere Menschen, auf dem Arbeitsmarkt prognostiziert. Dabei könnte bereits heute durch nachhaltige Strategien zum Personalmanagement der Fachkräftemangel reduziert werden. Systematische Personalentwicklung, Strategien für lebenslanges Lernen über alle Altersgruppen, Qualifikationsebenen und Beschäftigungsfelder hinweg sind hierfür notwendige Voraussetzung. Dieser Text zeigt, wie ich zum Age Management kam und welche Bedeutung "Age Management" für den Arbeitsmarkt hat. Ich gehe zunächst auf die demographische Entwicklung sowie die Diskriminierung gegenüber älteren Arbeitnehmern ein. Anschließend beleuchte ich die Handlungsperspektiven in Personalpolitik und Weiterbildung und und behandele auf der Grundlage einiger Beispiele die Gesundheitspolitik im Betrieb. Zum Schluss ziehe ich ein Fazit zum Thema "Age Management" auf dem Arbeitsmarkt.

Objetivos: Conhecer a percepção de enfermeiros sobre o processo de aprendizagem do programa de treinamento em serviço e analisar o programa de treinamento em serviço do setor de Educação Permanente. Método: Estudo descritivo, quanti-qualitativo e de Campo, através de uma entrevista semi-estruturada analisada segundo a Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: Emergiram três categorias: Descontinuidade do processo de treinamento, O Tempo como um determinante do processo ensino-aprendizagem e O processo de trabalho como fator decisivo na organização dos treinamentos em serviço. Conclusão: É preciso adequar as necessidades de serviço à forma de apresentação dos treinamentos, levando em consideração a realidade do processo de trabalho, buscando alinhar a efetividade dos treinamentos ao desenvolvimento profissional, minimizando confrontos existentes entre os profissionais treinados e sua resistência às ações de Educação Permanente. Descritores: Educação continuada em enfermagem, Capacitação profissional, Treinamento em serviço.

GESIS Projektbericht, CAPI, Quotenauswahl. Die Auswahl der Testpersonen erfolgte nach den Quoten Erwerbstätigkeit (erwerbstätig; nicht erwerbstätig) und Schulbildung (Fachhochschulreife/ Abitur; kein Abitur): 7 Erwerbstätige, weniger als Abitur 7 Erwerbstätige, Fachhochschulreife/ Abitur 2 Nicht-Erwerbstätige, weniger als Abitur 2 Nicht-Erwerbstätige, Fachhochschulreife/ Abitur

International journal for research in vocational education and training 2 (2015) 1, S. 25-38, This article explores the role of the European Union in defining an adult education policy and the way European countries appropriate those guidelines and implement them in their realities. These policies have been widening and diversifying adult education, creating the necessity of qualifying educational professionals. With the implementation of some adult education political measures, new educational practices were developed and new professional activities were born. To discuss some of these issues, the data used are from research integrated in a PhD I’m working towards in Education, with a specialisation in adult training. This investigation is about the qualification of adult educators working in the processes of recognition of prior learning. (DIPF/Orig.)

Männer ohne Berufsausbildung oder Hochschulabschluss haben in Deutschland eher niedrige alltagsmathematische Kompetenzen. Dennoch gibt es zwischen ihnen deutliche Kompetenzunterschiede. Auf dem deutschen Arbeitsmarkt profitieren formal gering qualifizierte Männer kaum von höheren Kompetenzen - in anderen Ländern tun sie dies sehr wohl.