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We construct a dynamic model of a small open economy to analyze the effects of large energy subsidies. The model includes domestic energy production and consumption, trade in energy at world market prices, as well as private and public sector production. The model is calibrated to Egypt and used to study reforms such as reductions in energy subsidies with corresponding reductions in various tax instruments or increases in infrastructure investment. We calculate the new steady states, transition paths to the new steady state and the size of the associated welfare losses or gains. Our main results for a 15 percent cut in energy subsidies are: (i) Steady state GDP drops in most of our experiments as less energy is used in production. (ii) Steady state consumption rises in most of our experiments. (iii) Welfare can rise by as much as 0.6 percent in consumption equivalent terms. (iv) The largest gains in terms of output and of welfare can be obtained when savings from energy subsidy cuts are used to fund additional infrastructure investment.

Manufacturing enterprises are faced with an increasing global competition and dynamic markets. This development results in a need for more flexible manufacturing structures and the ability for global collaboration. In the curse of this, cross-functional information systems turn into an essential competitive factor. However, the analysis and the integration of an enterprise's core functions is a major challenge. A model-centric approach, namely, multi-perspective enterprise modelling, is an appropriate conceptual instrument to overcome those gaps. Enterprise modelling is widely regarded as an appropriate tool to support analysing, designing and managing corporate information systems. In the paper at hand, we propose an approach fostering the applicability of enterprise models by offering domain-specific concepts. These modelling concepts reflect domain-specific concepts, which are well-known to manufacturing people. Hence, they are particularly suitable for supporting specific analyses, as well as information systems' development.

We use an OLG model to study the effects of the generous public sector pension system in Brazil. In our model there are two types of workers, one working in the private sector, the other working in the public sector. Public workers produce infrastructure or education services. We find that reducing generosity of the public sector pensions has large effects on capital accumulation and steady state income.