1. Effects of PMA (PHORBOL-12-MYRISTATE-13-ACETATE) on the Developing Rodent Brain
- Author
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Dzietko, Mark, Hahnemann, Maria, Polley, Oliver, Sifringer, Marco, Felderhoff-Müser, Ursula, and Bührer, Christoph
- Subjects
Inflammation ,Medizinische Fakultät » Universitätsklinikum Essen » Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin » Klinik für Kinderheilkunde I/Perinatalzentrum ,Article Subject ,lcsh:R ,Interleukin-18 ,Medizin ,lcsh:Medicine ,Brain ,600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit ,Rats ,Mice ,Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases ,Medizinische Fakultät » Universitätsklinikum Essen » Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie und Neuroradiologie ,Pregnancy ,Brain Injuries ,Phorbol Esters ,ddc:61 ,Animals ,Female ,ddc:610 ,Research Article - Abstract
Perinatal infections have a negative impact on brain development. However, the underlying mechanisms leading to neurological impairment are not completely understood and reliable models of inflammation are urgently needed. Using phorbol-myristate-acetate as an activator of inflammation, we investigated the effect on the developing rodent brain. Neonatal rats and mice deficient in IL-18 or IRAK-4 were exposed to PMA. Brains were assessed for regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and cell death 24 hrs, 7 and 14 days after treatment. PMA induced an inflammatory response and caused widespread neurodegeneration in the brains of 3- and 7-day-old rats. In contrast, 14-day-old rats were resistant to the neurotoxic effect of PMA. Histological evaluation at the age of 14 and 21 days revealed a destruction of the cortical microstructure with decreased numerical density of neuronal cells. Mice deficient in IL-18 or IRAK-4 were protected against PMA induced brain injury. PMA treatment during a vulnerable period can alter brain development. IL-18 and IRAK-4 appear to be important for the development of PMA induced injury.
- Published
- 2015
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