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Klotz, Werner, Rintelen, Thomas von, Annawaty, Annawaty, Wowor, Daisy, Rintelen, Kristina von (2023): Caridina clandestina, new species, an unusual new freshwater shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) from the remote high elevation Napu Valley of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 71: 12-25, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2023-0002

Caridina conghuensis sp. nov. (Figs. 12, 13, colour plate 1) Material examined. Holotype ♂ cl 3.9 mm (OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-024), China, Guangdong Province, swampy area near Conghua City, 23.57495 ��N 113.43740 ��E, coll. W. + M. Klotz 21.03. 2010. Paratypes 2 ♂ cl 3.0 and 3.1 mm, 2 ♀ cl 3.9 and 4.6 mm (OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-025); 3 ♂ cl 3.1���3.7 mm, 2 ♀ cl 3.4���4.2 mm (ZMB 28225; Pr��p. 5053���5054); 2 ♂ cl 3.0 and 3.5 mm, 1 ♀ cl 3.9 mm (ZRC 2013.1745); 2 ♂ cl 2.9 and 5.0 mm, 1 ♀ cl 3.7 mm (RMNH. CRUS.D. 56057), same data as holotype; 3 ♀ cl 3.1���3.3 mm (ZRC 2013.1746); 3 ♀ cl 2.0��� 3.6 mm, 1 ♂ cl 2.6 mm (OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-026); 1 ♂ 3.0 mm, 3 ♀ cl 3.5���3.6 mm (ZMB 28226; Pr��p. 5055���5056); 2 ♀ cl 2.6 and 3.5 mm (RMNH. CRUS.D. 56058), China, Guangdong Province, swampy area near Conghua City, 23.57495 ��N 113.43740 ��E, coll. W. + M. Klotz 0 1.04. 2012. Comparative material examined. Description. Cephalothorax and cephalic appendages. Rostrum (Fig. 12 A, B), straight, slightly directed downwards, tip slightly directed upwards, reaching to midlength or end of second segment of antennular peduncle, 0.36���0.47 (median 0.42) times as long as carapace, rostrum formula 3���5 + 7���9 / 2���4. Inferior orbital angle nearly fused with an antennal spine. Pterygostomial angle rounded, slightly produced forward. Eyes well developed with globular cornea. Antennular peduncle (Fig. 12 A, C) 0.51���0.59 (median 0.53) times as long as carapace, first segment 2.08���2.42 (median 2.30) times as long as second segment, second segment 1.60���12.32 (median 1.90) times longer than third segment. Stylocerite reaching to about midlength of second segment of antennular peduncle. Scaphocerite (Fig. 12 D) 2.93���3.44 (median 3.13) times as long as wide. Abdominal somites, telson and uropods. Sixth abdominal somite 0.48 times carapace length, 0.94 times as long as telson. Telson (Fig. 12 E, F) with distal margin convex with or without a median projection, with 3���4 pairs of short spiniform setae dorsal and one pair of short spiniform setae dorsolateral; distal end with 8���9 strong spiniform setae, sublateral pair shorter than lateral and inner pairs. Preanal carina (Fig. 12 G) high, rounded, lacking a spine, with few setae. Uropodal diaeresis (Fig. 12 H) sigmoid, with 17���21 movable spiniform setae, outermost ones slightly shorter than lateral angle. Mouthparts and branchiae. Incisor process of mandible (Fig. 12 I) ending in irregular teeth, molar process truncated. Lower lacinia of maxillule (Fig. 12 J) broadly rounded, upper lacinia elongate, with numerous distinct cuspidate setae on inner margin, palp slender with few simple setae and one cuspidate seta near tip. Upper endites of maxilla (Fig. 12 K) subdivided, palp slender, scaphognathite tapering posteriorly, fringed with long, curved setae at posterior margin. Palp of first maxilliped (Fig. 12 L) ending in a blunt triangular extension. Podobranch on second maxilliped (Fig. 12 M) well developed. Third maxilliped (Fig. 12 N) with 2 arthrobranches, ultimate segment as long as penultimate. First pereiopod with an arthrobranch. Pleurobranchs present on all pereiopods. Well-developed (with hooks on distal end) epipods present on third maxilliped and first 4 pereiopods. Pereiopods. Chela and carpus of first pereiopod stouter and broader than chela and carpus of second pereiopod (Fig. 13 A, B); chela of first pereiopod 1.89���2.16 (median 2.11) times as long as wide, 1.29���1.44 (median 1.31) times length of carpus; tips of fingers rounded, without a visible hook in adult specimens, 0.89���1.23 (median 0.98 times as long as palm; carpus deeply excavated distally 1.42���1.85 (median 1.54) times as long as wide, 0.89���1.03 (median 0.92) times length of merus. Merus 1.52 ���3.00 (median 2.56) times as long as wide, longer than ischium. Chela of second pereiopod 2.76���2.92 (median 2.86) times as long as wide, 0.65���0.80 (median 0.78) times length of carpus; tips of fingers rounded, without hooks, dactylus 1.31���1.37 (median 1.33) times as long as palm; carpus 5.00��� 5.58 (median 5.37) times as long as wide, 1.08���1.23 (median 1.16) times as long as merus; merus 4.56���5.22 (median 4.96) times as long as wide, longer than ischium. Third pereiopod (Fig. 13 C, D) slender, not sexually dimorphic, dactylus 3.07���3.83 (median 3.23) times as long as wide (terminal claw and spines on flexor margin included), terminating in one large claw with 5���7 accessory spiniform setae on flexor margin; propodus 8.63���9.67 (median 8.80) times as long as wide, 3.02���3.37 (median 3.15) times as long as dactylus; carpus 3.80 ���5.00 (median 4.57) times as long as wide, 0.67���0.76 (median 0.74) times as long as propodus, 0.50���0.56 (median 0.52) times as long as merus; merus 5.49���6.15 (median 5.97) times as long as wide, 1.79���1.99 (median 1.92) times as long as carpus, bearing 3 or 4 strong spiniform setae on posterior margin of outer surface. Ischium mostly with 1 spiniform seta. Fifth pereiopod (Fig. 13 E, F) slender, dactylus 3.33���3.87 (median 3.45) times as long as wide (terminal claw and spinuliform setae on flexor margin included), terminating in one large claw with 36���40 spinuliform setae on flexor margin; propodus 10.00��� 12.29 (median 11.07) times as long as wide, 3.02���3.51 (median 3.04) times length of dactylus, carpus 4.05���4.52 (median 4.45) times as long as wide, 0.54���0.56 (median 0.55) times as long as propodus, 0.63���0.69 (median 0.65) times as long as merus; merus 5.24���6.68 (median 6.27) times as long as wide, 1.46���1.58 (median 1.54) times length of carpus, bearing 2 or 3 strong spiniform setae on posterior margin of outer surface. Ischium without a strong spiniform seta. Pleopods. Endopod of male first pleopod (Fig. 13 G, H) subrectangular, anterior region not or just slightly bent backwards, inner margin slightly concave, distal part not dilated, 2.63���3.12 (median 2.87) times as long as distal width, 0.59���0.62 (median 0.60) times as long as exopod, with appendix interna arising near and reaching beyond distal margin of endopod. Appendix masculina on male second pleopod (Fig. 13 I) slender, club-shaped, 5.00��� 5.42 times as long as wide, with long spinuliform setae on inner and distal margin, few smaller spiniform setae on basal part, appendix interna reaching to about 0.76���0.79 of appendix masculina. Size. Postorbital carapace length 3.0��� 4.6 mm. Coloration. As shown in colour plate 1 H; in females body dark, bluish or blackish, with some weak white transversal stripes on rostrum, abdominal segments and tail fan. Reproductive biology. Ovigerous females with few large eggs (W. Klotz, pers. obs.); exact size not measured. Etymology. Caridina conghuensis n. sp. is named after the type locality, a swampy area near Conghua city, Guangdong Province, Southern China. Remarks. Caridina conghuensis n. sp. is similar to C. cantonensis in having a medium short rostrum reaching about midlength of second antennular peduncle, and length of dactylus of first cheliped resembles about length of palm. In addition to the dark life coloration of adult females which allows to distinguish these species in the field, C. conghuensis n. sp. could be distinguished from C. cantonensis by the shape of the rostrum with tip lightly directed upwards in C. conghuensis n. sp. vs. tip straight in C. cantonensis, the pterygostomial margin of the carapace with is just slightly produced forward vs. distinctly produced forward in C. cantonensis. The anterior region of the endopod of first pleopod in males is not bent backwards, the appendix interna overreaching distal margin of endopod vs. anterior region strongly bent backwards, appendix interna not overreaching distal margin of endopod in C. cantonensis. The endopod is more slender, 2.63���3.12 median 2,87 times as long as distal wide vs. 2.13���2.35, median 2.26 times as long as wide in C. cantonensis. The appendix masculina on second pleopods of male is more slender, 5.00��� 5.42 median 5.21 times as long as wide, 0.64���0.66 median 0.65 times as long as exopod vs. 3.73���4.26 median 4.09 times as long as wide, 0.52���0.59 median 0.56 times as long as exopod in C. cantonensis. The dactyli of 3 rd periopods are longer in relation to the propodi (ratio datylus lenght to propodus length 0.30���0.33 median 0.32 vs. 0.23���0.28 median 0.26 in C. cantonensis), propodi of 3 rd and 5 th pereiopod are somewhat stouter (length to width ratio 8.63���9.67 median 8.80 and 10.00��� 12.29 median 11.07 vs. 9.29���12.90 median 10.37 and 11.22���14.77 median 12.50 in C. cantonensis). From C. mariae n. sp., which occurs sympatric with C. conghuensis n. sp., the latter can be distinguished by the number of teeth on the ventral margin of the rostrum (2���4 teeth vs. 1���2 in C. mariae n. sp.), the shape of the rostrum (tip slightly directed upwards vs. straight in C. mariae n. sp.) the shorter stylocerite (reaching to about 0.5 of second segment of antennular peduncle vs. reaching to at least 0.7, mostly to end of this segment in C. mariae n. sp.). The endopod of males first pleopod is more slender (length to width ratio 2.63���3.12), not ditated in distal part, the appendix interna overreaching distal margin of endopod vs. more stout (length to width ratio 2.37���2.70), clearly dilated at the distal part of outer margin in full-grown male specimens, appendix interna reaching to distal margin of endopod in C. mariae n. sp. The appendix masculina on second pleopods of male is more slender, 5.00��� 5.42 median 5.21 times as long as wide, 0.64���0.66 median 0.65 times as long as exopod vs. 3.94���5.09 median 4.00 times as long as wide, 0.55���0.63 median 0.58 times as long as exopod in C. mariae n. sp. The length of the dactylus of second cheliped in relation to the propodus is 1.31���1.37 vs. 1.49���1.79 in C. mariae n. sp. The dactyli of 3 rd periopods are longer in relation to the propodi (ratio datylus length to propodus length 0.30���0.33 median 0.32 vs. 0.26���0.31 median 0.28 in C. mariae n. sp.), the propodi of 3 rd pereiopod are somewhat stouter (length to width ratio 8.63���9.67 median 8.80 vs. 9.72���11.38 median 10.21 in C. mariae n. sp. In the field the two species could be distinguished by the dark body coloration of females of C. conghuensis n. sp. vs. striped coloration in both sexes of C. mariae n. sp. Distribution and habitat. Caridina conghuensis n. sp. is known from a small swampy area near Conghua, Guangdong province, Southern China. The specimens were collected in pads of moss or small rivulets in dense vegetation of grass and bamboo. C. conghuensis n. sp. occurs sympatric with C. cantonensis and Caridina mariae n. sp. The dark life coloration of C. conghuensis n. sp. is helpful to distinguish it from the other two congeners at the type locality in the field. Following water parameters were recorded at the swampy habitat near Conghua: pH 7.0; conductivity 40 ��S., Published as part of Klotz, Werner & Rintelen, Thomas Von, 2014, To " bee " or not to be ��� on some ornamental shrimp from Guangdong Province, Southern China and Hong Kong SAR, with descriptions of three new species, pp. 151-184 in Zootaxa 3889 (2) on pages 171-176, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3889.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/252727

Caridina trifasciata Yam & Cai, 2003 (Colour plate 2 A, B) Caridina trifasciata Yam & Cai, 2003 [type locality: Tsak Yue Wu, New Territories, Hong Kong] Material examined. 5 ♂ cl 2.3–4.5 mm, 3 ♀ cl 3.2–4.3 mm, 1 ov. ♀ cl 5.0 mm (OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-033); 4 ♂ cl 3.3–4.1 mm, 4 ♀ cl 3.9 –4.0 mm (RMNH. CRUS.D. 56063), 5 ♀ with blackish life coloration cl 4.1 –5.0 mm (OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-034), Hong Kong, stream at Kau Sai Chau Island, 22.35220 °N 114.31700°E, coll. W. + M. Klotz 24.03. 2010. 1 ♂ cl 3.1 mm, 1 ♀ cl 3.9 mm (OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-035) Hong Kong, Tsak Yue Wu, Sai Kung, 22.397831 °N 114.326098 °E, coll. W. Klotz 20.3.2011; 5 ♂ cl 3.0–4.0 mm, 1 ♀ cl 4.5 mm (OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-036); 4 ♂ cl 3.2 –4.0 mm, 1 ♀ cl 3.5 mm (RMNH. CRUS.D. 56064), Hong Kong, High Island, Sai Kung, small rocky hill stream, 22.36106 °N 114.33721 °E; coll. W. Klotz 20.03.2011; 6 ♂ cl 3.8–4.2 mm, 4 ♀cl 3.5–4.9 mm, 2 ov. ♀ cl 4.8 and 4.9 mm (OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-037), 11 ♂ cl. 2.5–3.6 mm, 1 juv. cl 2.9 mm, 6 ♀ cl 2.8 –5.0 mm (RMNH. CRUS.D. 56065) China, Guangdong Prov., Henquin Island, Zhuhai, San Die Quan spring, 22.113694 °N 113.502778 °E, coll. W. Klotz 0 5.04. 2009. Caridina trifasciata was originally described from two streams: Tsak Yue Wu on Sai Kung Peninsula and Yi Leng stream on the Kau Sai Chau Island, Sai Kung, New Territories, Hong Kong. During a field trip in April 2011 C. trifasciata could also be collected from a small stream on High Island, Sai Kung, Hong Kong. In 2009, a few specimens of shrimp with a “bee shrimp pattern” of life coloration (colour plate 2 A) were collected from a rocky pool in Sandiequan Scenic Area, Zuhai, Guangdong Province, Southern China. Compared to the description of C. trifasciata given by Yam & Cai, 2009 these specimens differ in some morphometric characters, viz. carpus of first cheliped more slender (length to width ratio 1.5–1.9 median 1.6 vs. 1.4–1.5 in C. trifasciata), merus of first cheliped more slender (length to width ratio 2.2 –3.0 median 2.6 vs. 2.0– 2.2 in C. trifasciata), carpus of second cheliped more slender (length to width ratio 5.5–8.4 median 6.7 vs. 5.4–5.9 in C. trifasciata), propodus of 3 rd pereiopods more slender (propodus length to width ratio 8.9–15 median 10.4 vs. 9.3–9.5 in C. trifasciata), propodus of 3 rd and 5 th periopods shorter in comparisation with dactylus (3.2–4.2 median 3.7 and 3.8–4.1 median 4.0 vs. 4.2–4.6 and 4.5–4.8 in C. trifasciata). Compared with C. trifasciata from 3 localities in Hong Kong (this study) most of these morphometric characters are overlapping, just a more slender carpus of first cheliped (length to width ratio 1.5–1.9 median 1.6 vs. 1.3–1.5 median 1.4 in C. trifasciata from Hong Kong) serves to differentiate the specimens from Zuhai from specimens from Hong Kong. Thus, the population from Zuhai is considered as a local variant with different life coloration conspecific with C. trifasciata.

Caridina logemanni n. sp. (Figs. 1���7, colour plate 1, 3) Material examined. Holotype ♂ cl 5.8 mm (OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-001), Hong Kong, New Territories, small hill stream, exact location stored with type material to protect population in its natural habitat, coll. W. Klotz 19.03. 2011. Paratypes 3 ♀ cl 6.4���6.7 mm, 1 ov. ♀ cl 6.7 mm, 1 ♂ cl 5.6 mm, 2 juv. cl 2.0 and 2.2 mm (OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-002); 1 ♀ cl 6.9 mm, 1 ♂ cl 3.8 mm (BCD, without collection number); 2 ♂ cl 5.2 and 5.6 mm, 1 ♀ cl 6.4 mm, 1 ov. ♀ cl 6.8 mm (ZMB 28222; Pr��p. 5043-5046); 2 ♂ cl 5.2 and 5.5 mm, 1 ♀ cl 7.1 mm, 2 ov. ♀ cl 7.0 and 7.1 mm (ZRC 2013.1741), same data as holotype; 2 ov. ♀ cl 5,0 and 5,8 mm, 3 ♀ cl 3.0��� 5.6 mm, 2 ♂ 3.6 and 4.0 mm (ZRC 2013.1742); 2 ov. ♀ cl 5.3 mm, 3 ♀ cl 3.3���5.4 mm, 2 ♂ cl 3.0 and 4.2 mm (OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-003); 2 ov. ♀ cl 5.9 and 6.0 mm; 2 ♀ cl 3.7 and 6.0 mm; 2 ♂ 3.4 and 3.6 mm (ZMB 28221); 3 ov. ♀ cl 5.7���6.6 mm, 2 ♀ cl 3.3 and 3.7 mm, 2 ♂ cl 3.7 and 4.0 mm (RMNH. CRUS.D. 56047), Hong Kong, New Territories, other small hill stream, exact location stored with type material to protect population in its natural habitat, coll. W. + M. Klotz 0 2.04. 2012. Other material: 1 exuviae of spent female, larvae of first and second stage (OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-004), Hong Kong, New Territories, other small hill stream, larvae reared in the laboratory. Species Collection no. Locality COI 16 S Atya scabra ZMB DNA- 510 Panama, Rio Guarumo KP 168822 EF 489985 Australatya sp. collWK06- 10 Taiwan - KP 168717 OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-012 China, Lixi Town, loc. 2010 -03 - KP 168729 OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-011 China, Lixi Town, loc. 2010 -05 - KP 168728 OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-015 China, Qingyuan Town KP 168802 KP 168720 OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-015 China, Qingyuan Town KP 168803 KP 168721 OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-010 China, Zuhai KP 168804 KP 168722 OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-010 China, Zuhai KP 168805 KP 168723 OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-007 Hong Kong, loc. CH 14 KP 168806 KP 168724 RMNH. CRUS.D. 56048 Hong Kong, loc. CH 16 KP 168807 KP 168725 OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-005 Hong Kong, loc. CH 17 KP 168809 KP 168726 OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-008 Hong Kong, Lantau Island KP 168810 KP 168727 Caridina conghuensis n. sp. ZMB 28225 China - KP 168736 OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-025 China - KP 168735 Caridina cf. elongapoda OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-041 Hong Kong KP 168821 KP 168733 OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-041 Hong Kong - KP 168734 Caridina impensa ZMB DNA- 283 China KP 168820 KP 168741 Caridina logemanni n. sp. ZMB 28222 Hong Kong, stream 1 - KP 168744 ZMB 28221 Hong Kong, stream 2 - KP 168745 Caridina logemanni n. sp. "bee shrimp" ZMB DNA- 823 aquarium trade - KP 168743 Caridina maculata OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-028 China, Lixi Town - KP 168748 OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-029 China, Lixi Town, type loc. of C. venusta - KP 168749 OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-029 China, Lixi Town, type loc. of C. venusta - KP 168750 OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-027 China, Lixi Town, from type loc. - KP 168746 OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-027 China, Lixi Town, from type loc. - KP 168747 ......continued on the next page Comparative material examined. Caridina cantonensis Yu, 1938 3 ♂ cl 4.4 ���5.0 mm, 1 ♀ cl 5.9 mm, 2 ov. ♀ cl 5.6 and 6.7 mm (OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-005), 3 ♂ cl 4.5���5.5 mm, 1 ov. ♀ cl 5.8 mm, 1 ♀ cl 5.8 mm (collWK 28 - 09) Hong Kong, New Territories, stream at Ha Miu Tin, 22.503250 ��N 114.264278 ��E, coll. W+M Klotz, A. Karge & C. Lukhaup 08.04.2009; 1 exuviae of spent female, larvae of 1 st and 2 nd larval stage (OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-006) Hong Kong, New Territories, stream at Ha Miu Tin, 22.503250 ��N 114.264278 ��E coll. W. + M. Klotz 04.04.2012; 4 ♂ cl 3.8���4.3 mm, 4 ♀ cl 3.9���5.4 mm, 2 ov. ♀ cl 5.9 and 6.5 mm (OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-007), 1 ov. ♀ cl 6.9 mm (RMNH. CRUS.D. 56049) Hong Kong, New Territories, Lung Hang Stream 22.403472 ��N 114.320944 ��E, coll. W+M Klotz, A. Karge & C. Lukhaup 07.04.2009; 7 ♂ cl 3.0��� 5.2 mm, 6 ♀ cl 3.9���5.3 mm, 1 ov. ♀ cl 5.3 mm (RMNH. CRUS.D. 56048) Hong Kong, New Territories, small stream near Sheung Miu Tin, 22.502333 ��N 114.260000��E, coll. W+M Klotz, A. Karge & C. Lukhaup 08.04.2009; 3 ♂ cl 4.0��� 5.2 mm, 8 ♀ cl 3.7���5.1 mm, 1 ov. ♀ cl 5.4 mm (OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-008) Hong Kong, Lantau Island, stream near Pui O, 22.248528 ��N 113.982750 ��E coll. W. + M. Klotz & A. Karge 09.04.2009; 1 ♂ cl 5.1 mm (OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-009) Hong Kong, New Territories, Nam Chung, small rivulet below dam of Ping Nam Stream, 22.51439 ��N 114.20733 ��E coll. W. + M. Klotz 16.03.2011; 32 ♂ cl 3.1 ���5.0 mm, 11 ♀ cl 2.6���5.7 mm, 4 ov. ♀ cl 5.3���5.7 mm (OUMNH.ZC 2013 - 07-010), 16 ♂ cl 2.9���5.2 mm, 6 ♀ cl 2.7���5.6 mm (RMNH. CRUS.D. 56050) China, Guangdong Prov., Zuhai, Henquin Island, San Die Quan Spring, 22.113694 ��N 113.502778 ��E, coll. W. + M. Klotz 05.04.2009; 9 ♂ cl 3.9���5.5 mm, 5 ♀ cl 3.7���6.5 mm (OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-011), 13 ♂ cl 3.4 ���5.0 mm, 10 ♀ cl 2.9���6.2 mm (RMNH. CRUS.D. 56051) China, Guangdong Prov., Lixi Town near Yingde, 23.90673 ��N 113.25213 ��E, (2010 _05), type locality of C. tumida, coll. W.+ M. Klotz 19.3.2010; 6 ♂ cl 3.7���5.6 mm, 6 ♀ cl 3.5���5.2 mm, (OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-012) China, Guangdong Prov., Lixi Town near Yingde, 23.90590 ��N 113.24574 ��E, coll. W+M. Klotz and A. Karge 18.3.2010; 6 ♂ cl 4.0���6.0 mm, 3 ♀ cl 4.4���5.7 mm, 1 ov. ♀ cl 8.0 mm (OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-013), 6 ♂ cl 3.6���6.2 mm, 2 ♀ cl 5.5 and 6.2 mm, 1 ov. ♀ cl 7.6 mm (RMNH. CRUS.D. 56052), China, Guangdong Prov., Lixi Town near Yingde, 23.90951 ��N 113.25970 ��E, loc. 2010 _06, coll. W. + M. Klotz 19.03.2010; 1 ♂ cl 4.1 mm (OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-014) China, Guangdong Province, swampy area near Conghua City, 23.57495 ��N 113.43740 ��E, coll. W. + M. Klotz 21.03.2010; 8 ♂ cl 4.3���5.7 mm, 1 ♀ cl 6.4 mm, 1 ov. ♀ 5.9 mm (OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-015) China, Guangdong Prov., mountain stream near Quing Yuan City, 23.56641 ��N 113.17765 ��E, coll. W. Klotz, Y. Cai & C. Lukhaup 01.04.2012; 1 ♂ cl 3.5 mm, 4 ♀ cl 4.3���5.9 mm, 2 ov. ♀ 5.5 and 5.7 mm (OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-016) China, Guangdong Province, swampy area near Conghua City, 23.57495 ��N 113.43740 ��E, coll. W. + M. Klotz 0 1.04. 2012. Description. Cephalothorax and cephalic appendages. Rostrum (Fig. 1 A, B), straight, slightly directed downwards, tip straight or slightly directed upwards, reaching to end of basal segment of antennular peduncle in smaller specimens or to half of second segments in large specimens, 0.30���0.48 (median 0.37) times as long as carapace, rostrum formula 3���7 (4���5) + 7���15 / 0���6 (1���4). Inferior orbital angle nearly fused with an antennal spine. Pterygostomial angle subrectangular, slightly produced forward. Eyes well developed with globular cornea. Antennular peduncle 0.49���0.63 (median 0.53) times as long as carapace, first segment 2.10���2.64 (median 2.25) times as long as second segment, second segment 1.52���2.14 (median 1.93) times longer than third segment. Stylocerite reaching to 0.40���0.50 times of second segment of antennular peduncle. Scaphocerite (Fig. 1 G) 2.51���2.96 (median 2.80) times as long as wide. Abdominal somites, telson and uropods. Sixth abdominal somite 0.44���0.56 (median 0.47) times carapace length, 1.52���1.65 (median 1.59) times as long as fifth somite, 0.79���0.99 (median 0.82) times as long as telson. Telson (Fig. 1 C, D) length 2.68���2.89 (median 2.82) times as long as proximal wide, distal margin convex with a median projection, with 4���5 pairs of short spiniform setae dorsal and one pair of short spiniform setae dorsolateral; distal end with 6���8 strong spiniform setae, lateral pair distinctly longer than others, sublateral pair shorter than lateral and next pair, innermost pair shortest. Preanal carina (Fig. 1 E) low, rounded, lacking a spine, with few setae. Uropodal diaeresis (Fig. 1 F) with 17���22 movable spiniform setae, outermost ones slightly shorter than lateral angle. Mouthparts and branchiae. Incisor process of mandible (Fig. 1 H) ending in irregular teeth, molar process truncated. Lower lacinia of maxillula (Fig. 1 I) broadly rounded, upper lacinia elongate, with numerous distinct cuspidate setae on inner margin, palp slender with few simple setae and one cuspidate seta near tip. Upper endites of maxilla (Fig. 1 J) subdivided, palp slender, scaphognathite tapering posteriorly, fringed with long, curved setae at posterior margin. Palp of first maxilliped (Fig. 1 K, L) ending in a blunt triangular extension. Podobranch on second maxilliped (Fig. 1 M) well developed. Third maxilliped (Fig. 1 N) with two arthrobranches. First pereiopod with an arthrobranch. Pleurobranchs present on all pereiopods. Well-developed (with hooks on distal end) epipods present on third maxilliped and first 4 pereiopods. Pereiopods. Chela and carpus of first pereiopod stouter and broader than chela and carpus of second pereiopod (Fig. 2 A, C); chela of first pereiopod 1.76���2.24 (median 2.05) times as long as wide, 1.43���1.49 (median 1.45) times length of carpus; tips of fingers (Fig. 2 B) rounded, with distinct hook in adult specimens; dactylus slightly sexual dimorphic 0,77��� 1.25 (median 0.97) times as long as palm, 1.00���1,25 (median 1.16) times as long as propodus in males vs. 0.77���0.94 times as long as propodus in females; carpus deeply excavated distally, 1.11���1.46 (median 1.30) times as long as wide, 0.93���0.99 (median 0.96) times length of merus. Merus 2.23���2.83 (median 2.36) times as long as wide, longer than ischium. Chela of second pereiopod 2.43���2.84 (median 2.60) times as long as wide, 1.01���1.08 (median 1.04) times length of carpus; tips of fingers rounded, without hooks, dactylus 1.44���1.62 (median 1.55) times as long as palm; carpus 3.92���5.10 (median 4.50) times as long as wide, 1.01���1.08 (median 1.06) times as long as merus; merus 4.57���5.58 (median 4.84) times as long as wide, longer than ischium. Third pereiopod (Fig. 2 D, E) slender, not sexually dimorphic, dactylus 2.67���3.10 (median 2.82) times as long as wide (terminal claw and spines on flexor margin included), terminating in one large claw with 4 or 5 accessory spiniform setae on flexor margin; propodus 8.72���11.68 (median 9.36) times as long as wide, 3.50���4.43 (median 3.81) times as long as dactylus; carpus 4.18���5.78 (median 4.57) times as long as wide, 0.71���0.76 (median 0.73) times as long as propodus, 0.52���0.60 (median 0.56) times as long as merus; merus 4.73���5.91 (median 5.69) times as long as wide, 1.67���1.94 (median 1.79) times as long as carpus, bearing 3���5 strong spiniform setae on posterior margin of outer surface. Ischium with 1 spiniform seta. Fifth pereiopod (Fig. 2 F, G) slender, dactylus 2.56���3.22 (median 2.85) times as long as wide (terminal claw and spiniform setae on flexor margin included), terminating in one large claw with 19���38 spinuliform setae on flexor margin; propodus 10.53���15.65 (median 11.79) times as long as wide, 4.29���5.31 (median 4.73) times length of dactylus, carpus 4.28���5.44 (median 4.50) times as long as wide, 0.53���0.56 (median 0.54) times as long as propodus, 0.68���0.70 (median 0.70) times as long as merus; merus 4.78���7.03 (median 5.18) times as long as wide, 1.43���1.46 (median 1.44) times length of carpus, bearing 2���4 strong spiniform setae on posterior margin of outer surface. Ischium without a strong spiniform seta. Pleopods. Endopod of male first pleopod (Fig. 3 A, B) subrectangular, anterior region bent backwards, inner margin concave, distal part not dilated, 2.49���2.71 (median 2.52) times as long as proximal width, 0.51���0.58 (median 0.53) times as long as exopod, with appendix interna arising near and reaching slightly beyond distal margin of endopod. Appendix masculina on male second pleopod (Fig. 3 C) saccate, 4.19���4.54 times as long as wide, with long spinuliform setae on inner and distal margin, few smaller spiniform setae on basal part, appendix interna reaching to about 0.8 of appendix masculina. Size. Postorbital carapace length 3.6���6.8 mm. Coloration. As shown in colour plate 1 A and 3 B; posterior part of carapace, 3 rd, 4 th and 6 th abdominal segments dark brown or blackish, some weak whitish blotches on carapace behind eyes, on 1 st, 2 nd 5 th and posterior part of 6 th abdominal segment and round white markings on distal part of uropods. Anterior part of cephalothorax, telson and uropods brownish. Reproductive biology and larval development. Ovigerous females with few eggs; size of undeveloped eggs (without eyespots) 1.03���1.18 x 0.69���0.76 mm, size of developed eggs (containing embryos with eyes) 1.20���1.23 x 0.78���0.89 mm. From hatching the larvae are able to use the pleopods for swimming, in the laboratory they usually stood on the bottom of the container or the piece of Catappa leaf and walked using the pereiopods. Well-developed uropods appeared in the second larval stage. In this stage most of the appendages (but not the sexual appendages) resemble that of adults in shape and function. Setae only, especially those on the dorsal margin of the telson, on the flexor margin of dactyli of walking legs and numbers of teeth on the rostrum, are increasing in number during further development. Thus the second larval stage was considered as juvenile. Morphology of the first larval stage with well-developed and functional pereiopods and chelipeds as well as the shape and spinulation of the telson and reduction to one larval stage are typical for species with direct larval development (DD) (Benzie & Silva 1983; Dudgeon 1987; Lai & Shy 2009). Weak conical teeth-like protuberances instead of developed setae on tips of fingers of chelipeds, maxillipeds and maxillae may suggest that larvae of this instar do not feed and thus may be classified as lecithotrophic (Anger 2001). The morphology of the 1 st larval stage is described in detail and only the changes observed in the following stage are presented below. Stage I, decapodit (Figs. 4, 5) Total length: 3.2���3.8 mm, (n = 5); carapace length: 0.96���0.98 mm (n = 5). Total length approximate due to the convexity of preserved specimens. Duration of stage: 3���5 days. Rostrum (Fig. 4 A, B) short, not exceeding distal margin of 1 st antennular peduncle, without teeth on dorsal and ventral margin, with two fine simple setae near tip. Carapace (Fig. 4 A) without antennal or other spines. Eyes sessile. Abdomen (Fig. 4 A) with 6 somites, last somite incompletely separated from telson. Telson (Fig. 4 A, C) spatulate with a distinct notch on posterior margin, with 8 pairs of plumose setae, innermost small, outermost feathered on posterior margin only. Uropods absent. Antennule (Fig. 4 D) with peduncle 3 -segmented; stylocerite reaching to about midlength of first segment of antennular peduncle, rounded, narrowing distally to an acute tip, with 3 simple setae lateral; first segment of peduncle with 2 or 3 small plumose setae lateral, one large plumose seta distolateral, 1 or 2 spiniform setae and about 8 fine simple setae distal; second segment with 3 large plumose setae lateral, 3 or 4 spiniform setae and about 8 simple setae distal; third antennular peduncle with 5���7 large plumose setae lateral to ventral; inner flagellum with 6 segments, 3 rd segment (Fig. 4 E) with 3 club-like aesthetascs; outer flagellum with 7 segments. Antennae (Fig. 4 F) with scaphocerite well developed, unsegmented distally, with a large, acute teeth on distolateral margin and 21���23 plumose setae; flagellum with 46���51 segments. Mandibles (Fig. 4 G) asymmetric, with molar processes well developed, truncated; incisor processes with few irregular teeth, a ridge with 5���7 fine simple setae and 2���3 additional sigmoid setae in gap between this ridge and the incisor process. Maxillule (Fig. 4 H) with coxal endite rounded, bearing about 18���20 blunt protuberances on margin, 8 teethlike protuberances submarginal; basal endite with two rows of 6���7 and 10���11 blunt protuberances; endopod palplike with a tooth near tip. Maxillae (Fig. 4 I) with coxal endite bearing 30���40 simple setae; basal endite with 4���6 conical teeth-like protuberances on folded distal lobe, with about 10 on proximal lobe; endopod palp-like, unarmed; about 41 plumose setae on distal and lateral margin of scaphognatite, posterior directed lobe with 3 large and one smaller setae distally. First maxilliped (Fig. 4 J) Coxa with up to 5 plumose setae; basis with 20���25 conical teeth-like protuberances, endopod ending in a stout fingerlike projection with 1 or 2 plumose setae; exopod with about 18 plumose setae on lateral margin, no setae on distal, palp-like tip. Second maxilliped (Fig. 4 K) with coxa bearing one seta and a podobranch reduced to as small lamina; basis with 10 simple setae; endopod 3 -segmented, 3 or 4 conical teeth-like protuberances at outer edge of angle of last segment, two rows of about 12���15 conical teeth-like protuberances on medially directed face; exopod unsegmented with 4 large plumose setae terminal and 2 smaller ones subterminal. Third maxilliped (Fig. 5 A) Coxa with epipod well developed, bilobed, posterior directed lobe with a terminal hook; endopod 3 -segmented, proximal segment with one strong spiniform seate distally and 6 or 7 simple setae on mesial margin; median segment with two spiniform setae and 4 simple setae distally and 2 or 3 spiniform setae mesially, distal segment with a strong spine terminal and 3 subterminal spiniform setae, 4 rows with 3, 3���4, 4, 3���4 short but strong serrate setae and one spiniform seta near 3 rd row of serrate setae, upper margin with few simple setae; exopod unsegmented with 4 large plumose setae terminal and 2 smaller ones subterminal. First cheliped (Fig. 5 B) chelate; coxa with a well developed epipod and one setobranch; carpus short, distinctly excavated distally; tips of fingers of chelae lacking brushes of setae typical for adults but with numerous conical teeth-like protuberances, dactylus slightly longer than propodus. Second cheliped (Fig. 5 C) chelate; coxa with a well developed epipod and one setobranch; carpus more slender than carpus of first cheliped, slightly excavated distally; tips of fingers lacking brushes of setae typical for adults but with numerous conical teeth-like protuberances, dactylus slightly longer than propodus. Third pereiopod (Fig. 5 D) well developed; coxa with a well developed epipod and one setobranch; ischium with one spiniform seta; merus with 3 spiniform setae; carpus with 1 large spiniform seta lateral and a smaller one subdistal; propodus with 2 spiniform setae distal and 3���5 (mostly 4) pairs of spiniform seta, Published as part of Klotz, Werner & Rintelen, Thomas Von, 2014, To " bee " or not to be ��� on some ornamental shrimp from Guangdong Province, Southern China and Hong Kong SAR, with descriptions of three new species, pp. 151-184 in Zootaxa 3889 (2) on pages 152-165, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3889.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/252727, {"references":["Benzie, J. A. H. & Silva, P. K. de (1983) The abbreviated larval development of Caridina singhalensis Ortmann, 1894 (Decapoda, Atyidae). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 3, 117 - 126. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1547857","Dudgeon, D. (1987) The larval development of Neocaridina serrata (STIMPSON) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae) from Hong Kong. Archives of Hydrobiology, 110, 339 - 355.","Lai, H. & Shy, J. (2009) The larval development of Caridina pseudodenticulata (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) reared in the laboratory, with discussion of larval metamorphosis types. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 20 (Supplement), 97 - 107.","Anger, K. (2001) The biology of decapod crustacean larvae. Balkema Publishers, Lisse [u. a.], XII + 420 S.","Cai, Y. & Ng, P. N. (1999) A revision of the Caridina serrata species group, with descriptions of five new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae). Journal of Natural History, 33, 1603 - 1638. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 002229399299789"]}

Klotz, Werner, Rintelen, Thomas Von (2014): To " bee " or not to be—on some ornamental shrimp from Guangdong Province, Southern China and Hong Kong SAR, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 3889 (2): 151-184, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3889.2.1

Paracaridina zijinica Liang, 2002 (Colour plate 2 C) Paracaridina zijinica Liang, 2002 [type locality: Zijin, Guangdong, southern China] Caridina meridionalis Wang, Liang & Li, 2008 [type locality: Heyuan County, Guangdong Province] Paracaridina meridionalis.��� Karge & Klotz, 2013 Material examined. 5 ♂ cl 4.0���6.0 mm, 4 ♀ cl 3.2 ���5.0 mm (OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-038), 5 ♂ cl 3.6 ���5.0 mm, 4 ♀ cl 3.5���4.7 mm (RMNH. CRUS.D. 56066), 2 ♂ cl 4.7 and 4.8 mm (collWK 18 -09), China, Guangdong Prov., mountain stream near the Xinfeng Jiang Reservoir, 23.936111 ��N 114.637778 ��E, coll. W. + M. Klotz 03.04.2009; 3 ♂ cl 3.0��� 4.2 mm, 2 ♀ cl 3.4���4.9 mm (OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-039), 2 ♂ cl 3.8 and 4.1 mm (collWK 19 -09), China, Guangdong Prov., small forest stream near the Xinfeng Jiang Reservoir, 23.923361 ��N 114.599139 ��E, coll. W. + M. Klotz 0 3.04. 2009. In 2009 several specimens of bee shrimp could be collected from two hill streams near the Xingfengjiang Reservoir, Heyuan County, Guangdong Province. According to a local fisherman collecting shrimp for the aquarium trade in this area, the same species can be found in about 20 streams near the Xingfengjiang Reservoir. Specimens from both streams sampled agree well with the original description in both morphology and life coloration of Caridina meridionalis Wang, Liang & Li, 2008 (see colour plate 2 C for comparison with fig. 8, page 58 in Wang et al. 2008). Wang et al. (2008) did not mention the branchial formula of their specimens. In the specimens examined the first pereiopods are lacking an arthropod and this species should thus be assigned to Paracaridina. Amongst the known members of Paracaridina, C. meridionalis (based on the bee shrimp herein examined) is very similar to P. z i j i n i c a Liang, 2002, also described from Heyuan County, differing only in the length of the stylocerite, which reaches almost to the end of the first antennular peduncle in P. meridionalis vs. reaching to the end or slightly overreaching this segment in P. zijinica). As this difference is considered to be intraspecific variation, C. meridionalis Wang et al. 2008 is here considered to be a junior synonym of P. z i j i n i c a., Published as part of Klotz, Werner & Rintelen, Thomas Von, 2014, To " bee " or not to be ��� on some ornamental shrimp from Guangdong Province, Southern China and Hong Kong SAR, with descriptions of three new species, pp. 151-184 in Zootaxa 3889 (2) on pages 180-181, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3889.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/252727, {"references":["Wang, L., Liang, X. & Li, F. (2008) Descriptions of four new species of Caridina (Decapoda: Atyidae) from China. Zootaxa, 1726, 49 - 59."]}

Caridina mariae sp. nov. (Figs. 8–10, colour plate 1) Material examined. Holotype ♂ cl 5.9 mm (OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-017), China, Guangdong Province, Yingde County, small mountain stream near Lixi Town, 23.88345 °N 113.33910 °E, coll. W. + M. Klotz 20.03. 2010. Paratypes 3 ♂ cl 4.1–5.1 mm, 1 ov. ♀ cl 6.2 mm, 3 ♀ cl 4.7–5.1 mm (OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-018); 4 ♂ cl 4.0– 5.8 mm, 4 ♀ cl 3.8–5.5 mm, 1 ov. ♀ cl 5.7 mm (ZMB 28224; Präp. 5049–5052; Präp. 5057–5058); 3 ♂ cl 4.2 –5.0 mm, 3 ♀ cl 4.0–6.0 mm (ZRC 2013.1743); 3 ♂ cl 4.3–4.6 mm, 3 ♀ cl 4.0– 4.9 mm (RMNH. CRUS.D. 56055), same data as holotype; 1 ♀ cl 3.3 mm, 1 ♂ 4.4 mm (ZRC 2013.1744); 2 ♀ cl 3.4 and 4.0 mm, 1 ♂ cl 4.2 mm (OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-019); 2 ♂ 3.4 and 4.4 mm (ZMB 28223; Präp. 5047–5048); 3 ♀ cl 3.5–4.5 mm (RMNH. CRUS.D. 56056), China, Guangdong Province, swampy area near Conghua City, 23.57495 °N 113.43740 °E, coll. W. + M. Klotz 21.03. 2010. Other material 3 ♂, 2 ♀ (collWK AO, AP, AQ, AR, AS) “Tigergarnele” from aquarium trade. Comparative material examined. Caridina serrata Stimpson, 1860, 10 ♂ cl 2.8–4.9 mm, 8 ♀ cl 3.7 –5.0 mm, 1 ov. ♀ cl 6.2 mm (OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-020); 11 ♂ cl 3.3–4.6 mm, 9 ♀ cl 3.7 –5.0 mm (RMNH. CRUS.D. 56053), Hong Kong, Hong Kong island, tributary of the Pok Fu Lam Reservoir, 22.266222 °N 114.142167 °E, coll. W. + M. Klotz 06.04.2009; 2 ♂ cl 4.0 and 5.9 mm, 5 ♀ cl 3.6–5.7 mm (OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-021) Hong Kong, Lantau Island, mountain stream near Ngong Ping, 484 m asl, 22.26528 °N 113.90610 °E; coll. W. + M. Klotz 4.4. 2012. 5 ♂ cl 3.2–4.9 mm, 7 ♀ cl 3.0–6.0 mm (OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-022); 5 ♂ cl 3.8 –5.0 mm, 6 ♀ cl 3.3–6.1 mm (RMNH. CRUS.D. 56054), Hong Kong, Lantau Island, 22.22870 °N 113.875 °E, coll. W. + M. Klotz 18.3.2011; 2 ♂ cl 4.4 and 5.0 mm, 2 ♀ cl 5.0 and 5.8 mm (OUMNH.ZC 2013 -07-023), Hong Kong, Lantau Island, 22.22671 °N 113.88005 °E; coll. W. + M. Klotz 18.3. 2011. COLOUR PLATE 1. Life coloration of (A) Caridina logemanni n. sp. from the type locality. (B–D) Caridina cantonensis (B) female from Lixi Town near Yingde, Guangdong Prov., China; (C) specimen from a stream at Ha Miu Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong; (D) ovigerous female from San Die Quan Spring, Henquin Island, Zuhai, Guangdong Prov., China. (E–G) Caridina mariae n. sp. (E specimen from the small mountain stream near Lixi Town, Yingde County, Guangdong Prov., China; (F) female from the swampy area near Conghua City, Guangdong Prov., China; (G) red colour mutation occuring in an aquarium population originally from the swampy area near Conghua City. (H) female of Caridina conghuensis n. sp.. Description. Cephalothorax and cephalic appendages. Rostrum (Fig. 8 A), straight or slightly sigmoid, tip straight and pointed, reaching to midlenght of second segment of antennular peduncle or less frequent to begin or end of this segment, 0.27–0.46 (median 0.36) times as long as carapace, rostrum formula 4–6 + 6–9 / 1–2. Inferior orbital angle nearly fused with an antennal spine. Pterygostomial angle subrectangular, slightly produced forward. Eyes well developed with globular cornea. Antennular peduncle 0.49–0.59 (median 0.57) times as long as carapace, first segment 1.91–2.50 (median 2.27) times as long as second segment, second segment 1.48–1.93 (median 1.67) times longer than third segment. Stylocerite mostly reaching to end of second segment of antennular peduncle or at least 0.7 times of it. Scaphocerite (Fig. 8 B) 2.79–3.10 (median 2.99) times as long as wide. Abdominal somites, telson and uropods. Sixth abdominal somite 0.40–0.51 (median 0.48) times carapace length, 1.37–1.56 (median 1.47) times as long as fifth somite, 0.74–0.94 (median 0.82) times as long as telson. Telson (Fig. 8 C, D) length 2.22–3.43 (median 2.86) times as long as proximal wide, distal margin convex to triangular with a median projection, with 4–5 pairs of short spiniform setae dorsal and one pair of short spiniform setae dorsolateral; distal end with 8–9 strong spiniform setae, sublateral pair shorter than lateral and inner pairs. Preanal carina (Fig. 8 E) rounded, lacking a spine, with few setae. Uropodal diaeresis (Fig. 8 F) sigmoid, with 16–20 movable spiniform setae, outermost ones clearly shorter than lateral angle. Mouthparts and branchiae. Incisor process of mandible (Fig. 8 G) ending in irregular teeth, molar process truncated. Lower lacinia of maxillula (Fig. 8 H) broadly rounded, upper lacinia elongate, with numerous distinct teeth on inner margin, palp slender with few simple setae and one cuspidate seta near tip. Upper endites of maxilla (Fig. 8 I) subdivided, palp slender, scaphognathite tapering posteriorly, fringed with long, curved setae at posterior margin. Palp of first maxilliped (Fig. 8 J) ending in a blunt triangular extension. Podobranch on second maxilliped (Fig. 8 K) well developed. Third maxilliped (Fig. 8 L) with 2 arthrobranches, ultimate segment as long as penultimate. First pereiopod with an arthrobranch. Pleurobranchs present on all pereiopods. Well-developed (with hooks on distal end) epipods present on third maxilliped and first 4 pereiopods. Pereiopods. Chela and carpus of first pereiopod stouter and broader than chela and carpus of second pereiopod (Fig. 9 A, B); chela of first pereiopod 1.90–2.06 (median 2.01) times as long as wide, 1.28–1.43 (median 1.40) times length of carpus; tips of fingers rounded, with a hook in adult specimens, 0.93–1.12 (median 1.05 times as long as palm; carpus excavated distally 1.39–1.51 (median 1.44) times as long as wide, 0.88–0.95 (median 0.92) times length of merus. Merus 2.55–2.85 (median 2.75) times as long as wide, longer than ischium. Chela of second pereiopod 2.39–2.85 (median 2.58) times as long as wide, 0.73–0.83 (median 0.77) times length of carpus; tips of fingers rounded, without hooks, dactylus 1.49–1.79 (median 1.61) times as long as palm; carpus 4.60–5.19 (median 5.14) times as long as wide, 1.05–1.11 (median 1.09) times as long as merus; merus 4.81–5.91 (median 5.09) times as long as wide, longer than ischium. Third pereiopod (Fig. 9 C, D) slender, not sexually dimorphic, dactylus 2.95–3.60 (median 3.20) times as long as wide (terminal claw and spines on flexor margin included), terminating in one large claw with 5 or 6 accessory spiniform setae on flexor margin; propodus 9.72–11.38 (median 10.21) times as long as wide, 3.24–3.86 (median 3.61) times as long as dactylus; carpus 4.54–5.21 (median 5.03) times as long as wide, 0.66–0.71 (median 0.68) times as long as propodus, 0.50–0.58 (median 0.51) times as long as merus; merus 5.80–7.07 (median 6.79) times as long as wide, 1.71–2.02 (median 1.96) times as long as carpus, bearing 3 or 4 strong spiniform setae on posterior margin of outer surface. Ischium mostly with 1 spiniform seta. Fifth pereiopod (Fig. 9 E, F) slender, dactylus 3.13–4.29 (median 3.80) times as long as wide (terminal claw and spiniform setae on flexor margin included), terminating in one large claw with 30–40 spinuliform setae on flexor margin; propodus 9.45–11.22 (median 9.90) times as long as wide, 3.35–3.67 (median 3.42) times length of dactylus, carpus 4.29–4.90 (median 4.79) times as long as wide, 0.41–0.57 (median 0.54) times as long as propodus, 0.57–0.68 (median 0.66) times as long as merus; merus 5.86–6.45 (median 6.05) times as long as wide, 1.46–1.77 (median 1.52) times length of carpus, bearing 3 strong spiniform setae on posterior margin of outer surface. Ischium without a strong spiniform seta. Pleopods. Endopod of male first pleopod (Fig. 10 A–C) subrectangular, anterior region not bent backwards, inner margin slightly concave, distal part dilated, 2.37–2.70 (median 2.43) times as long as distal width, 0.58–0.75 (median 0.61) times as long as exopod, with appendix interna arising near and reaching slightly beyond distal margin of endopod. Appendix masculina on male second pleopod (Fig. 10 D) club-shaped, 3.94–5.09 times as long as wide, with long spinuliform setae on inner and distal margin, few smaller spiniform setae on basal part, appendix interna reaching to about 0.79–0.87 of appendix masculina. Size. Postorbital carapace length 3.5–8.9 mm. Coloration. As shown in colour plate 1 E–G; body semi-transparent with a dark brown or blackish blotch on lower part of the carapace, and similarly coloured stripes on posterior part of carapace and 1 st to 6 th abdominal segments, tail fan without dark coloration. Reproductive biology. Ovigerous females with few eggs; size of undeveloped eggs (without eyespots) 1.13–1.27 × 0.70–0.74 mm. Etymology. Caridina mariae n. sp. is named after the wife of the first author, Maria, for her support during several field trips and her abundant patience when the first author is spending most evenings behind the microscope. Remarks. Caridina mariae n. sp. is similar to C. cantonensis and C. logemanni n. sp. in showing a medium short rostrum reaching about midlength of second antennular peduncle, and length of dactylus of first cheliped resembles about length of palm. In addition to the characteristic striped life coloration, which allows to distinguish these species in the field, C. mariae n. sp. can be distinguished from C. cantonensis by the lesser number of teeth on the ventral margin of the rostrum (1–2 vs. 3–5 in C. cantonensis), the pterygostomial margin of the carapace which is just slightly produced forward vs. distinctly produced forward in C. cantonensis, the length of the stylocerite which is mostly reaching to end of second segment of antennular peduncle or at least 0.7 times of it vs. reaching about 0.5 times of second segment of antennular peduncle (length ratio between stylocerite and first segment of antennular peduncle 1.33–1.45 median 1.38 vs. 1.11–1.33 median 1.26 times as long in C. cantonensis). The anterior region of the endopod of first pleopod in males (Fig. 10 A–C) is not bent backwards, distal part dilated on outer margin in full-grown specimen vs. anterior region strongly bent backwards, distal part not dilated in C. cantonensis. Endopod more slender, 2.37–2.70, median 2.48 times as long as distal wide vs. 2.13–2.35, median 2.26 times as long as wide in C. cantonensis (Fig. 11 C, D). Caridina mariae n. sp. could be distinguished from C. logemanni n. sp. by the length of the stylocerite which is mostly reaching to end of second segment of antennular peduncle or at least 0.7 times of it vs. reaching 0.4–0.5 times of second segment of antennular peduncle (length ratio between stylocerite and first segment of antennular peduncle 1.33–1.45 median 1.38 vs. 1.13–1.33 median 1.21 times as long in C. logemanni n. sp.). The carpus of first cheliped is more slender (1.39–1.51 median 1.45 times as long as wide), moderately excavated distally in C. mariae n. sp. vs. 1.11–1.46 median 1.29 times as long as wide, strongly excavated distally in C. logemanni n. sp. The innermost pair of spiniform setae on distal margin of the telson is as long as outer pair in C. mariae n. sp. vs. short in C. logemanni n. sp. With its unfolded endopod of males first pleopod C. mariae n. sp. is similar to C. serrata and C. trifasciata. From C. serrata C. mariae n. sp. could be distinguished by the longer rostrum reaching to about midlength of second segment of antennular peduncle in most specimens vs. reaching to end of first segment or slightly overreaching this segment in C. serrata and the less number of teeth on the ventral margin of the rostrum (1–2 vs. 3–5 in C. serrata), the pterygostomial margin of the carapace with is just slightly produced forward vs. distinctly produced forward in C. serrata, the length of the stylocerite which is mostly reaching to end of second segment of antennular peduncle or at least 0.7 times of it vs. just overreaching the first segment (length ratio between stylocerite and first segment of antennular peduncle 1.33–1.45 median 1.38 vs. 1.13–1.14 times as long in C. serrata). The endopod of first pleopod is clearly dilated at the distal part of outer margin in full-grown male specimens vs. tongue or kidney-shaped without any distal dilation in C. serrata. From C. trifasciata C. mariae n. sp. differs by its longer stylocerite which is mostly reaching to end of second segment of antennular peduncle or at least 0.7 times of it vs. reaching C. serrata). Further the endopod of first pleopod in males is clearly dilated in the distal part of outer margin, 2.37–2.70 median 2.48 times as long as distal wide, appendix interna not overreaching distal margin of endopod in C. mariae n. sp. vs. subrectangular without any distal dilation and 2.65–3.05 median 2.80 times as long as wide, reaching beyond distal margin of endopod in C. trifasciata. The proposed new species differs also from C. trifasciata in the shape of the appendix masculina which appears saccate, 3.94–5.09 median 4.34 times as long as wide in C. mariae n. sp. vs. club-shaped 5.50–6.17 median 5.82 times as long as wide in C. trifasciata. Distribution and habitat. Caridina mariae n. sp. is known from a small hill stream near Lixi town, Yingde county, Guangdong province and a small swampy area near Conghua, Guangdong province, Southern China. According to fishermen collecting shrimp for aquarium trade the species can also be found on other sites in this province. C. mariae n. sp. occurs sympatric with C. cantonensis and Caridina conghuensis n. sp. The striking colour pattern of C. mariae n. sp. is helpful in distinguishing it from other congeners in living specimens, or newly preserved material. Following water parameters were recorded at the swampy habitat near Conghua: pH 7.0; conductivity 40 µS.

Caridina butonensis n. sp. (Figs. 5 A���M, 6 A���I, color plate 1 B) Material examined. Holotype male, cl 3.31 mm (MZB Cru 3182), Indonesia: Pulau Buton, Lacurisa, 05�� 11.292 'S 122 �� 52.943 'E, 291 m asl, small stream, conductivity 480 ��s/cm, pH 7.85, water temperature 24.5 ��C, leg. H.G. Evers, 0 1 Oct. 2010. Paratypes: 2 females, cl 3.13���3.57 mm, 4 males, cl 2.83���3.23 mm (MZB Cru 3183), same data as holotype; 1 ovigerous female, cl 3.79 mm, 3 females, cl 3.11���3.78 mm, 5 males, cl 2.18���3.25 mm (ZMB 28094; Pr��p. Nr. 5030���5034) same data as holotype; 4 females, cl 2.97���3.79 mm (MZB Cru 3184), Indonesia: Pulau Buton, Desa Susu, 0 5 �� 14.511 'S 122 �� 47.753 'E, 25 m asl, small stream near Susu village, water temperature 26.8 ��C, pH 8.3, conductivity 683 ��s/cm, leg. H.G. Evers, 0 1 Oct. 2010; 3 ovigerous females, cl 3.58��� 3.93 mm, 2 females, cl 3.34���3.37 mm, 1 male, cl 2.85 mm (ZMB 28095) Indonesia: Pulau Buton, Desa Susu, 05�� 14.511 'S 122 �� 47.753 'E, 25 m asl, small stream near Susu village, water temperature 26.8 ��C, pH 8.3, conductivity 683 ��s/cm, leg. H.G. Evers, 0 1 Oct. 2010. 1 ovigerous female, cl 3.76 mm, 1 female 3.97 mm (OUMNH.ZC. 2012 -05-009), Indonesia: Pulau Buton, Desa Susu, 05�� 14.511 'S 122 �� 47.753 'E, 25 m asl, leg. H.G. Evers, 0 1 Oct. 2010. Comparative material examined. Caridina opaensis J. Roux, 1904. 2 females, cl 3.4 and 3.7 mm (ZMB 29338), Indonesia: Southeast Sulawesi, stream in Pruiala (Mulyocinta), N of Aopa area, 04�� 3.67 ���S 122 �� 6.845 ���E, leg. M. Glaubrecht et al., 31 May 2005; 1 male, cl 3.1 mm, 3 females, cl 4.1���4.4 mm (ZMB 29008), Indonesia: Southeast Sulawesi, Benua River, northern arm, 04�� 13.388 ���S 122 �� 6.397 ���E, leg. M. Glaubrecht et al., 31 May 2005; 3 males, cl 3.8 ���4.0 mm, 3 females 4.1���4.5 mm (ZMB 29349), Indonesia: Southeast Sulawesi, Poniponiki, NW of Raterate, road Kendari-Kolaka, 04�� 2.115 ���S 121 �� 52.816 ���E, leg. M. Glaubrecht et al., 30 May 2005. Description. Cephalothorax and cephalic appendages. Carapace length 2.18���3.79 mm (median 3.16 mm). Rostrum (Fig. 5 A���D) straight, short, slightly concave above eyes in most specimens, distal end truncated, reaching to or just to end of basal segment of antennular peduncle, 0.32���0.40 (median 0.35) times as long as carapace. Rostral dorsal teeth situated near mid length of rostrum, ventral teeth very small, located subventral on truncated distal margin, occasionally 1 ventral tooth on ventral margin. Rostrum formula 0 + 3���9 (4���7) / 1���8 (3���6). Inferior orbital angle with a small antennal spine. Pterygostomian angle rounded. Eyes well developed with globular cornea. Antennular peduncle 0.78���0.82 times as long as carapace in males, 0.59���0.66 times as long as carapace in females, first segment 1.81-2.13 (median 1.98) times as long as second segment, second segment 1.45���2.06 (median 1.60) times length of third segment. Stylocerite reaching to, and 0.74���0.92 (median 0.83) times of basal segment of antennular peduncle. Scaphocerite (Fig. 5 G) 3.15���3.63 (median 3.43) times as long as wide. Abdominal somites, telson and uropods. Sixth abdominal somite 0.49���0.56 (median 0.52) times carapace length, 1.47���1.79 (median 1.63) times as long as fifth somite, 0.85���0.92 (median 0.90) times as long as telson. Telson length (Fig. 5 E) 3.25 (n= 1) times as long as proximal wide, distal margin convex without median projection, with 3���4 pairs of dorsal spinules and one pair of dorsolateral spinules; distal end with 7���8 spines, lateral pair longest, sublateral pair slightly shorter than lateral and inner spines. Preanal carina (Fig. 5 N) low. Uropodal diaeresis (Fig. 5 F) with 15���18 movable spinules, outermost one shorter than lateral angle. Mouthparts and branchiae. Incisor process of mandible ending in irregular teeth, molar process truncated (Fig. 5 H). Lower lacinia of maxillula broadly rounded, upper lacinia elongate, with numerous distinct teeth on inner margin, palp slender with few simple setae at tip (Fig. 5 I). Upper endites of maxilla subdivided palp slender, scaphognathite tapering posteriorly, fringed with long, curved setae at posterior margin (Fig. 5 J). Palp of first maxilliped ending in a triangular extension (Fig. 5 K). Podobranch on second maxilliped reduce to a lamina (Fig. 5 L). Third maxilliped with 2 arthrobranches, ultimate segment about as long as penultimate segment (Fig. 5 M). First pereiopod with an arthrobranch, pleurobranchs present on all pereiopods. Well-developed (with hooks on distal end) epipods present on third maxilliped and first 2 pereiopods, lacking on pereiopods 3���5. Pereiopods. Chela and carpus of first pereiopod stouter and broader than chela and carpus of second pereiopod (Fig. 6 A, B); chela of first pereiopod 1.86���2.12 (median 2.02) times as long as wide, 1.18���1.37 (median 1.22) times carpus length; tips of fingers rounded, without hook; dactylus 1.04���1.54 (median 1.29) times as long as palm; carpus scarcely excavated distally 2.23���2.45 (median 2.36) times as long as wide, 1.12���1.30 (median 1.19) times length of merus. Merus 2.09���2.72 (median 2.29) times as long as wide, slightly shorter than ischium. Chela of second pereiopod 2.73���2.81 (median 2.79) times as long as wide, 0.74���0.78 (median 0.76) times as long as carpus; tips of fingers rounded, without hook, dactylus 1.27���1.55 (median 1.50) times as long as palm; carpus 5.21���6.67 (median 5.60) times as long as wide, 1.39���1.45 (median 1.43) times as long as merus; merus 4.33���4.84 (median 4.62) times as long as wide, scarcely shorter than ischium. Third pereiopod slender (Fig. 6 C, E), not sexually dimorphic, dactylus 3.71���4.27 (median 4.05) times as long as wide (terminal claw and spines on flexor margin included), terminating in one large claw with 7���8 accessory spines on flexor margin; propodus 9.60���11.50 (median 10.45) times as long as wide, 3.00��� 3.43 (median 3.12) times as long as dactylus; carpus 5.00��� 5.63 (median 5.19) times as long as wide, 0.58���0.69 (median 0.63) times as long as propodus, 0.48���0.54 (median 0.51) times as long as merus; merus 7.40���8.38 (median 7.78) times as long as wide, 1.85���2.07 (median 1.97) times as long as carpus, bearing 3���4 small apressed movable spinules on posterior margin of outer surface. Ischium with a small spinule. Fifth pereiopod slender (Fig. 6 D, F), dactylus 4.53���5.46 (median 4.72) times as long as wide (terminal claw and spines on flexor margin included), terminating in one large claw with 52���64 spinules on flexor margin, propodus 10.05���11.60 (median 11.06) times as long as wide, 2.38���2.48 (median 2.46) times length of dactylus, carpus 4.04 ��� 5.00 (median 4.33) times as long as wide, 0.49���0.54 (median 0.52) times as long as propodus, 0.62���0.65 (median 0.64) times as long as merus; merus 5.87���7.65 (median 6.38) times as long as wide, 1.53���1.60 (median 1.57) times length of carpus, bearing 2���3 movable spinules on posterior margin of outer surface. Pleopods. Endopod of male first pleopod (Fig. 6 H) elongated triangularly, long setae fringe along outer and distal margins medium long setae fringe along inner margin, 2.41���2.63 times as long as proximal width (n= 2), 0.33 times as long as exopod, without appendix interna. Appendix masculina on male second pleopod (Fig. 6 I) slender (5.64���6.25 times as long as distal wide), saccate, with some long spines on inner and numerous long spines on distal margins, appendix interna 0.81��� 0.84 of appendix masculina. Reproductive biology. Ovigerous females with few eggs; size of eggs (from one female with undeveloped and one with developed eggs) 0.96���1.10 x 0.68���0.74 mm. Colouration. Semitransparent with tiny reddish dots on whole body, some scattered whitish blotches on carapace and similar coloured transversal bands on dorsal part of first to fifth abdominal segments. Faint reddish lines on posterior margin of first and anterior margin of third to fifth abdominal pleura. Etymology. The new species is named after its type locality ��� Buton Island, Indonesia. Remarks. Caridina butonensis n. sp. is close to C. opaensis in term of the morphology of the chelipeds, the pereiopods and the male sexual appendages. The new species can be distinguished from C. opaensis by its short and truncated rostrum lacking postorbital teeth (vs. rostrum slender, pointed, with 3���7 postorbital teeth in C. opaensis), its small antennal spine fused with inferior orbital angle (vs. distinct, situated below inferior orbital angle in C. opaensis), its relatively short penultimate segment of third maxilliped (penultimate as long as ultimate vs. penultimate longer than ultimate in C. opaensis), no epipod on the third up to the fifth pereiopods (vs. reduced epipod on the third pereiopod in C. opaensis), and its smaller size (2.18���3.79 mm carapace length vs. 3.06���4.54 mm carapace length in C. opaensis). Caridina butonensis n. sp resembles also C. boehmei n. sp in cheliped morphology and reduced epipodial apparatus, however, it can be distinguished by the more reduced podobranch on the second maxilliped which becomes a lamina with some finger-like projections as in C. boehmei n. sp.. Further, the two species can easily be differentiated by the rostrum shape (distal conspicuous truncated vs. pointed in C. boehmei) and the rostrum formula (0 + 3���9 (4���7) / 1���8 (3���6) vs. 0 + 0���2 (0���1) / 0���2 (0���1)). The truncated rostrum of C. butonensis n. sp. resembles of C. subventralis Richard & Clark 2005 described from Lake Bunyonyi, Uganda, East Africa. However, the new species differs by the epipodial formula (well developed epipods on pereiopods 1 and 2 vs. well developed epipods on pereiopod 1 to 4 in C. subventralis), and the development of the podobranch on the second maxiliped (reduced to a lamella vs. well developed in C. subventralis). Further, the distal margin of the telson is armed with 7���8 long spines (vs. 2���3 pairs of rather stout spines in C. subventralis). Distribution and habitat. Caridina butonensis n. sp. was found in small streams on Buton Island., Published as part of Klotz, Werner & Rintelen, Kristina Von, 2013, Three new species of Caridina (Decapoda: Atyidae) from Central Sulawesi and Buton Island, Indonesia, and a checklist of the islands' endemic species, pp. 554-570 in Zootaxa 3664 (4) on pages 564-568, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3664.4.8, http://zenodo.org/record/215621

Micratya cooki sp. nov. (Figs. 5 A���O, 6 P���W, 7 A) Material examined. Holotype ov. female, cl 4.9 mm, tl 16.6 mm (MNHN-IU- 2011-6057), R��o Guayan��s, Puerto Rico; Paratypes 1 female, cl 3.5 mm (MNHN-IU- 2011-6058), R��o Guayan��s, Puerto Rico; 1 female, cl 4.9 mm (MNHN-IU- 2011-6059), R��o Grande de Manat��, Puerto Rico; 1 ov. female, cl 5.0 mm (OUMNH.ZC-2012.05.001), R��o Guayan��s, Puerto Rico; Others 2 males, cl 3.1���3.7 mm, 6 females, cl 3.1���4.9 mm (MNHN-IU- 2011-6060) R��o Coamo, Puerto Rico; 1 male, cl 4.0 mm, 4 females, cl 3.9���5.3 mm (MNHN-IU- 2011-6061) R��o Guanajibo, Puerto Rico; 6 females, cl 3.9���4.9 mm, 6 ov. females 4.2���4.8 mm (OUMNH.ZC-2012.05.002), R��o Guayan��s, Puerto Rico; 2 males, cl 3.1���3.3 mm, 1 ov. female, cl 6.6 mm, 6 females, cl. 4.1���5.2 mm (OUMNH.ZC-2012.05.003), R��o Coamo, Puerto Rico; 1 male, cl 4.0 mm (OUMNH.ZC-2012.05.004), R��o Coamo, Puerto Rico; leg. B.D. Cook, J. Hughes and P. Hernandez-Garcia, February 2006. Diagnosis. Rostrum (Fig. 5 A���B) short, reaching near to end of basal segment of antennular peduncle, 0.21���0.31 times as long as carapace, armed dorsally with 3 to 9 (most 5���7) teeth without teeth on carapace posterior to orbital margin, 0 to 2 ventral teeth (most 1���2). Chela of first pereiopod (Fig. 6 P) 2.55���2.84 as long as wide, dactylus 5.10 ���6.00 times as long as wide; carpus 0.89���0.97 times as long as wide. Chela of second pereiopod (Fig. 6 Q) 2.20���2.63 times as long as wide, dactylus 5.36 ���6.00 times as long wide; carpus 0.94���1.10 times as long as wide. Propodus of fifth pereiopod (Fig. 6 T���U) 6.45���9.33 times long as wide; dactylus 0.25���0.40 long as propodus, dactylus with 1 large claw and 17���30 spines on flexor margin (most 17���22). Endopod of male first pleopod (Fig. 6 V) 2 times as long as proximal width, appendix interna strong. Preanal carina (Fig. 5 D) rounded, with a distinct tooth. Uropodal diaeresis (Fig. 5 E) with 16���18 movable spinules. Description. Rostrum (Fig. 5 A���B) short, reaching near to end of basal segment of antennular peduncle, 0.21���0.31 times as long as carapace, armed dorsally with 3 to 9 (mostly 5���7) teeth without teeth on carapace posterior to orbital margin, 0 to 2 ventral teeth (mostly 1���2); rostral formula: 0 + 3���9 / 0���2. Inferior orbital angle fused with antennal spine. Pterygostomial angle broadly rounded. Antennular peduncle 0.39���0.46 times as long as carapace, second segment 0.30���0.35 times length of basal segment, third segment 0.67���0.92 times as length of second segment. Stylocerite 0.75���0.90 times as long as basal segment of antennular peduncle. Scaphocerite (Fig. 5 C) 2.41 times as long as wide. Sixth abdominal somite 0.38���0.46 times length of carapace, 1.12���1.34 times as long as fifth somite, 0.80���0.91 shorter than telson. Telson (Figs. 5 F���G) 1.92���2.35 times as long as proximally wide, distal margin broadly rounded, with median projection, with 5 or 6 pairs of dorsal and 1 pair of dorsolateral spinules, distal end with 10���12 spines, intermediate spines with fine bristles and longer than lateral pair. Preanal carina (Fig. 5 D) rounded, with a distinct tooth. Uropodal diaeresis (Fig. 5 E) with 16���18 movable spinules. Incisor process of mandible (Fig. 5 O) ending in irregular teeth, molar process truncated. Lower lacinia of maxillula (Fig. 5 N) broadly subrectangular, upper lacinia elongate, with numerous distinct teeth on inner margin, palp slender with few simple setae at tip. Upper endites of maxilla (Fig. 5 L) subdivided, palp slender, scaphognathite tapering posteriorly, fringed with long, curved setae at posterior margin. Palp of first maxilliped (Fig. 5 J���K) ending in an elongated triangular projection. Podobranch on second maxilliped (Fig. 5 I) well developed. Third maxilliped (Fig. 5 H) with 1 well developed and 1 rudimentary arthrobranch, ending in a rounded tip in most specimens (a short distal spine is visible in one specimen), ultimate segment as long as penultimate segment. Pleurobranchs present on first to fourth pereiopod. First pereiopod without arthrobranch. Well developed epipods present on third maxilliped and first 3 pereiopods. Chela of first pereiopod (Fig. 5 P) 2.55���2.84 as long as wide, 1.54���1.76 times length of carpus; dactylus 5.10 ���6.00 times as long as wide, no visible palm; carpus 0.89���0.97 times as long as wide, distally excavated, 0.64���0.74 times length of merus. Merus 0.84���0.91 times as long as chela. Chela of second pereiopod 2.20���2.63 times as long as wide, 1.62���2.10 times length of carpus; dactylus 5.36 ���6.00 times as long as wide, no visible palm; carpus 0.94���1.10 times as long as wide, distally excavated, 0.48���0.60 times length of merus; merus 0.98���1.04 times as long as chela. Third pereiopod (Figs. 6 R���S) slender, propodus 4.15���5.63 times as long as wide, 2.16���2.64 times as long as dactylus; dactylus 2.21���3.17 times as long as wide (terminal spine included), terminating in one large claw with 4 or 5 accessory spines on flexor margin, second spine very small; carpus 2.86���3.17 times as long as wide, 0.84���0.93 times as long as propodus, 0.43���0.46 times as long as merus; merus 4.32���4.79 times as long as wide, 2.16���2.30 times length of carpus. Fifth pereiopod slender (Figs. 6 T���U), propodus 6.45���9.33 times as long as wide, dactylus 0.25���0.40 long as propodus and 2.71 ���3.00 times as long as wide (terminal spine included), terminating in 1 large claw and 17���30 spines on flexor margin (most 17���22); carpus 2.81���3.78 times as long as wide, 0.60���0.64 times as long as propodus, 0.66���0.78 times as long as merus; merus 3.63���4.29 times as long as wide, 1.27���1.51 times length of carpus. Endopod of male first pleopod (Fig. 6 V) elongated, 2 times as long as proximal width, 0.43 times as long as exopod, with a strong appendix interna, variable in shape. Appendix masculina on male second pleopod (Fig. 6 W, 7 A) slender, 0.86 times long as endopod, spines extending to midlength of appendix masculina. Appendix interna reaching half of appendix masculina and well into the spinulated part of the appendix masculina. Egg size of overigerous females 0.26���0.29 x 0.48���0.50 mm. Etymology. Micratya cooki is dedicated to Ben Cook, the collector of the new species. Distribution. Micratya cooki is known from some streams in Puerto Rico. The small egg size, suggesting prolonged larval development similar to M. poeyi, and lack of phylogeographic structure across the large island of Puerto Rico (Cook et al. 2009), both indicate that it probably has a wider distributional range in the Caribbean. Remarks. Micratya cooki is very similar to Micratya poeyi (F.E. Gu��rin-M��neville, 1855). It can be distinguished from M. poeyi in the armature of the dactyli on the fifth pereiopod (with 17���30 spinules on flexor margin vs. 24���43 in M. poeyi), the armature of the uropodal diaeresis (16���18 movable spinules vs. 20���23 in M. poeyi) and a different armature of the distal margin of the telson (10���12 distal spines vs. 14���16 distal spines in M. poeyi). The armature of the rostrum is more variable in M. cooki which lacks teeth on carapace posterior to orbital margin (M. poeyi with 0���2) and armed dorsally with 3���9 teeth (M. poeyi with 7���9), ventral teeth with 0���4 vs. 1���4 in M. poeyi. Male specimens can distinghuished by the spinulation of the appendix masculina (Fig. 7). In M. poeyi the spines are located near distal end of appendix masculina, the tip of appendix interna does not reach to the spinulated part of the appendix masculina. In M. cooki the spines extend more proximally, the tip of appendix interna reaches into the spinulated part of the appendix masculina. In living specimens, M. poeyi has 3 distinct white vertical color bands on a dark body (see Karge & Klotz 2008, p 120), while the living color patterns of M. cooki are not yet clear but may resemble one of the two other color patterns recognized by Chace & Hobbs (1969). Although both species are very similar in morphological characteristics, they can be clearly distinguished by molecular data., Published as part of Karge, Andreas, Page, Timothy J. & Klotz, Werner, 2013, A new species of freshwater shrimp of the genus Micratya (Decapoda: Atyidae: Caridea) from Puerto Rico, pp. 357-368 in Zootaxa 3608 (5) on pages 362-365, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3608.5.4, http://zenodo.org/record/223048

Micratya poeyi (Gu��rin-M��neville, 1855) (Figs. 3 A���M, 4 O���X, 7 B) Atya Poeyi Gu��rin-M��neville, 1855 Calmania poeyi Bouvier, 1909 b Material examined. Neotype female, (MNHN-IU- 2011-6056), Cuba, leg. P. Serre, 1909; Others: 2 females (MNHN-Na 610, MNHN-Na 613); 1 male (MNHN-Na 612), Cuba, leg. P. Serre, 1909; 1 male, cl 4.1 mm; 2 ov. females, cl 5.8���6.7 (MNHN-IU- 2011-6066), R��o Guanajibo, Puerto Rico; 1 ov. female, cl 6.2 (MNHN-IU- 2011- 6065), R��o Guanajibo, Puerto Rico; 2 ov. females, cl 6.2���6.3 mm, (MNHN-IU- 2011-6064), R��o Grande de Manat��, Puerto Rico; 1 ov. female, cl 6.7 (MNHN-IU- 2011-6062), R��o Espirutu Santo, Puerto Rico, leg. B.D. Cook, J. Hughes and P. Hernandez-Garcia, February 2006; 1 male, cl 3.39 mm, (MNHN-IU- 2011-6063), Oropuche River, Trinidad, leg. C. Rogers. Diagnosis. Rostrum (Fig. 3 A, 3 B) short, reaching near to end of basal segment of antennular peduncle, 0.22���0.29 times as long as carapace, armed dorsally with 7���9 teeth including 0���2 (most 0) on carapace posterior to orbital margin, 1 or 2 ventral teeth. Pterygostomial angle broadly rounded. Inferior orbital angle fused with antennal spine. Antennular peduncle 0.41���0.52 times as long as carapace, with a very small (0.15���0.21 times as long as second segment of antennular peduncle) or rudimentary tooth. Stylocerite 0.79���0.88 times as long as the basal segment of antennular peduncle. Incisor process of mandible (Fig. 3 M) ending in irregular teeth, molar process truncated. Lower lacinia of maxillula (Fig. 3 L) broadly subrectangular, upper lacinia elongate, with numerous distinct teeth on inner margin, palp slender with few simple setae at tip. Upper endites of maxilla (Fig. 3 K) subdivided, palp slender, scaphognathite tapering posteriorly, fringed with long, curved setae at posterior margin. Palp of first maxilliped (Fig. 3 I, J) ending in an elongated triangular projection. Podobranch on second maxilliped (Fig. 3 H) well developed. Third maxilliped (Fig. 3 G) with 1 well developed and 1 rudimentary arthrobranch, ultimate segment as long as penultimate segment. Pleurobranchs present on first to fourth pereiopod. First pereiopod without arthrobranch. Well developed epipods present on third maxilliped and first 3 pereiopods. Carpus of first pereiopod (Fig. 4 O) 0.76 ���1.00 times as long as wide, distally excavated; chela 2.78���3.75 times as long as wide; dactylus 5.56���8.18 times as long as wide; tips of fingers rounded, no visible palm. Merus of first pereiopod 0.79���0.87 times as long as chela and 1.36���1.67 times long as carpus. Carpus of second pereiopod Fig. 4 P) 1.06���1.08 times as long as wide; chela 2.48���2.83 times as long as wide, 1.72���1.95 times length of carpus; dactylus 5.54���5.83 times long as wide; tips of fingers rounded. Merus of second pereiopod 1.08���1.21 times as long as chela and 2.08���2.11 as times long as carpus. Dactylus of third pereiopod (Fig. 4 Q-T) 1.85���3.17 times as long as wide (terminal spine included), terminating in 1 large claw and 4���5 spines on flexor margin, second spine very small; propodus 5.29���7.86 times long as wide, 2.89���3.36 times as long as dactylus. Fifth pereiopod (Fig. 4 U,V) slender, dactylus 2.63���3.30 times as long as wide (terminal spine included), with 1 large claw and 24���43 spines on flexor margin (most 36-38); propodus 7.80���11.14 times as long as wide, 3.55���4.59 long as dactylus. Endopod of male first pleopod (Fig. 4 W) elongated, 2.0 times as long as proximal width. Appendix interna strong, 0.69 long as first endopod. Endopod of male second pleopod (Fig. 4 X) 4.76 as long as wide. Appendix masculina (Fig. 4 X, 7 B) 0.84 as long as endopod. Appendix interna of second pleopod reaching to 0.62 length of appendix masculina. Spinulation of appendix masculina near distal end, tip of appendix interna not reaching to the spinulated part of appendix masculina. Sixth abdominal segment 0.38���0.43 times length of carapace. Telson (Fig. 3 E, F) 2.29���2.48 times as long as proximally wide, posterior margin rounded, with median projection, with 5���7 pairs of dorsal and 1 pair of dorsolateral spinules; distal end with 7���8 pairs spines, 6���7 intermediate pair with fine bristles, longer and thinner than lateral spines. Preanal carina (Fig. 3 C) rounded, with distinctly tooth. Uropodal diaeresis with 20���23 movable spinules. Egg size of overigerous females 0.28���0.35 x 0.48���0.58 mm. Distribution. Micratya poeyi is known from Great and Lesser Antilles: Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Dominica, Martinique. A single ovigerous female was collected by D.P. Kelso in Costa Rica in 1964. F.A. Chace jr. (1983) reported Micratya poeyi from Panama as well Abele & Kim (1989) and Torati et al. (2011). Remarks. The original type specimen described by Gu��rin-M��neville originated from a collection of Cuban material without further specification. The description as Atya poeyi by Gu��rin-M��neville comprises only a few sentences without accurate information on body proportions or details on spinulation of appendages. Most of the collections described by F.E. Gu��rin-M��neville are deposited in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia but M. poeyi is not cataloged here (Spamer & Bogan, 1994). In the Oxford University Museum of Natural History, where a part of the collections are also deposited, no specimen of this species could be found (S. De Grave, personal communication). Two attempts to locate this type material at the Mus��um national d���Histoire naturelle Paris were also unsuccessful (Laure Corbari & Paula Martin Lefevre, personal communication). Thus the type series seem to be lost. To stabilize taxonomy, a neotype was designated here for a specimen selected from the Cuban collections of P. Serre, deposited in the Mus��um national d���Histoire naturelle Paris. Specimens from this collection had also been used by E.-L. Bouvier for his studies, which resulted in the description of the genus Micratya. The examined specimens of Micratya poeyi indicate a sexual dimorphism. In addition to the smaller body size of males (cl. 3.65���4.1 in males vs. 6.2���6.7 in females), the two sexes differ in proportions of propodus on third pereiopod (7.86 times as long as wide in males vs. 5.29 ���6.00 in females); dactylus on third pereiopod (3.17 times as long as wide in males vs. 1.85���2.27 times in female) and the propodus on fifth pereiopod (11.14 times as long as wide vs. 7.80���9.36). This is the first time that a sexual dimorphism in Micratya poeyi has been reported., Published as part of Karge, Andreas, Page, Timothy J. & Klotz, Werner, 2013, A new species of freshwater shrimp of the genus Micratya (Decapoda: Atyidae: Caridea) from Puerto Rico, pp. 357-368 in Zootaxa 3608 (5) on pages 359-362, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3608.5.4, http://zenodo.org/record/223048

Caridina H. Milne Edwards, 1837, Published as part of Klotz, Werner & Rintelen, Kristina Von, 2013, Three new species of Caridina (Decapoda: Atyidae) from Central Sulawesi and Buton Island, Indonesia, and a checklist of the islands' endemic species, pp. 554-570 in Zootaxa 3664 (4) on page 555, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3664.4.8, http://zenodo.org/record/215621

Karge, Andreas, Page, Timothy J., Klotz, Werner (2013): A new species of freshwater shrimp of the genus Micratya (Decapoda: Atyidae: Caridea) from Puerto Rico. Zootaxa 3608 (5): 357-368, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3608.5.4

Atyidae De Haan, 1849, Published as part of Klotz, Werner & Rintelen, Kristina Von, 2013, Three new species of Caridina (Decapoda: Atyidae) from Central Sulawesi and Buton Island, Indonesia, and a checklist of the islands' endemic species, pp. 554-570 in Zootaxa 3664 (4) on page 555, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3664.4.8, http://zenodo.org/record/215621

Micratya Bouvier, 1913 Species of the genus Micratya show a reduced branchial formula (Fig. 2), lacking pleurobranchies on fifth pereiopod. There are also no epipods on the fourth pereiopod. For these characters Micratya is similar to the genus Halocaridina from Hawaii, but Micratya has one well developed and one reduced arthrobranch at third maxilliped and podobranchies on second maxilliped. This character combination resembles the genus Limnocaridella, but the latter lacks podobranchies at second maxilliped., Published as part of Karge, Andreas, Page, Timothy J. & Klotz, Werner, 2013, A new species of freshwater shrimp of the genus Micratya (Decapoda: Atyidae: Caridea) from Puerto Rico, pp. 357-368 in Zootaxa 3608 (5) on page 359, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3608.5.4, http://zenodo.org/record/223048

Klotz, Werner, Rintelen, Kristina Von (2013): Three new species of Caridina (Decapoda: Atyidae) from Central Sulawesi and Buton Island, Indonesia, and a checklist of the islands' endemic species. Zootaxa 3664 (4): 554-570, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3664.4.8

Atyidae De Haan, 1849, Published as part of Karge, Andreas, Page, Timothy J. & Klotz, Werner, 2013, A new species of freshwater shrimp of the genus Micratya (Decapoda: Atyidae: Caridea) from Puerto Rico, pp. 357-368 in Zootaxa 3608 (5) on page 359, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3608.5.4, http://zenodo.org/record/223048

Elephantis natalensis (Bouvier, 1925) comb. nov. (Figs. 2–4, color plate 1) Caridina natalensis comb. nov. Richard & Clark, 2009: 22 –25, figs 7, 8. Caridina africana De Man in Weber, 1897: 170 –174, fig. 2; Lenz, 1912: 5. Caridina africana forme natalensis Bouvier, 1925: 214. Caridina nilotica Barnard, 1950: 662. Material examined: 100 specimens from Madagascar, totalling 22 males, 52 ovigerous females and 26 non ovigerous females. One non ovigerous female cl 6.7 mm; 18 ovigerous females cl 5.8–8.8 mm; one male cl 4.4 mm (Station 1) (MNHN -IU- 2009-2682), coll. P. Bosc, H. Grondin & P. Valade, 01. May 2004. One male cl 4.1 mm (Station 1) (MNHN -IU- 2009-2689), coll. P. Bosc, H. Grondin & P. Valade, 01. May 2004. 12 ovigerous females cl 5.3–6.1 mm; 2 males cl 4.5 and 5.0 mm (Station 2) (MNHN -IU- 2009-2683), coll. P. Bosc, H. Grondin & P. Valade, 08. May 2004. One male cl 3.9 mm (Station 2) (MNHN -IU- 2009-2691), coll. P. Bosc, H. Grondin & P. Valade, 08. May 2004. 3 ovigerous females cl 5.0– 5.5 mm; 4 males cl 3.0– 4.5 mm (Station 3) (MNHN -IU- 2009-2684), coll. P. Bosc, H. Grondin & P. Valade, 08. May 2004. One male cl 4.4 mm, (Station 3) (MNHN -IU- 2009 - 727), coll. P. Bosc, H. Grondin & P. Valade, 08. May 2004. 2 ovigerous females cl 6.0 and 6.1 mm (Station 3) (MNHN -IU- 2009 - 728), coll. P. Bosc, H. Grondin & P. Valade, 08. May 2004. 2 ovigerous females cl 6.0 and 6.1 mm (Station 3) (RMNH. CRUS.D. 55046), coll. P. Bosc, H. Grondin & P. Valade, 08. May 2004. 2 ovigerous females cl 6.1 and 6.5 mm (Station 3) (OUMNH. ZC. 2012 -05-005), coll. P. Bosc, H. Grondin & P. Valade, 08. May 2004. One non ovigerous female cl 6.7 mm (Station 3) (MNHN -IU- 2009-2688), coll. P. Bosc, H. Grondin & P. Valade, 08. May 2004. One male cl 4.8 mm (Station 3) (OUMNH. ZC. 2012 -05-065), coll. P. Bosc, H. Grondin & P. Valade, 08. May 2004. One male cl 4.7 mm (Station 3) (RMNH. CRUS.D. 55047), coll. P. Bosc, H. Grondin & P. Valade, 08. May 2004. 18 non ovigerous females cl 4.0– 5.9 mm; 3 ovigerous females cl 4.6–5.2 mm; 5 males cl 3.4–4.1 mm (Station 4) (MNHN -IU- 2009-2685), coll. E. Feunteun & T. Robinet, 03. July 2008. 2 non ovigerous females cl 4.1 and 4.7 mm; one male cl 3.0 mm (Station 5) (MNHN -IU- 2009-2686), coll. H. Grondin, G. Marquet & T. Robinet, 08. May 2010. 3 non ovigerous females cl 3.4 –4.0 mm; 8 ovigerous females cl 5.6–6.4 mm; 2 males 3.1 and 4 mm (Station 6). (MNHN -IU- 2009-2687), coll. H. Grondin, G. Marquet & T. Robinet, 21. May 2010. One ovigerous female cl 5.3 mm (Station 6) (MNHN -IU- 2009-2690), coll. H. Grondin, G. Marquet & T. Robinet, 21. May 2010. One ovigerous female cl 6.1 mm, one non ovigerous female, two males cl 4.3 and 4.6 mm (Station 6) (coll. WK 54 - 11), coll. H. Grondin, G. Marquet & T. Robinet, 21. May 2010. Description. Cephalothorax and cephalic appendages. Carapace length 3.1–8.8 mm. Rostrum (Figure 2 A) slightly sigmoid, pointed, unarmed near tip, reaching to mid-length of second segment of antennular peduncle or slightly beyond this segment, 0.39–0.48 (median 0.46) times as long as carapace. Rostrum formula 0–2 + 9–13 / 2– 5. Inferior orbital angle fused with a strong antennal spine. Pterygostomian angle blunt. Eyes well developed with cornea globular. Antennular peduncle 0.50–0.62 (median 0.56) times as long as carapace, first segment 2.55–2.88 (median 2.65) times as long as second segment, second segment 1.46–1.73 (median 1.61) times length of third segment. Stylocerite reaching to 0.84–0.93 (median 0.88) times of basal segment of antennular peduncle. Scaphocerite (Figure 2 C) 2.52–3.30 (median 2.82) times as long as wide. Abdominal somites, telson and uropods. Sixth abdominal somite 0.43–0.51 (median 0.46) times length of carapace, 1.25–1.45 (median 1.40) times as long as fifth somite, 0.79–0.84 (median 0.80) times as long as telson. Telson (Figures 4 E,F) 2.72–3.01 (median 2.83) times as long as proximally wide, distal margin convex with median projection, with 4–6 pairs of dorsal spinules and one pair of dorsolateral spinules; distal end with 2 lateral spines and 7–12 long, feathered setae overreaching lateral spines. Preanal carina (Figure 4 D) rounded, armed with a tooth. Uropodal diaeresis (Figure 4 C) with 14–18 movable spinules, outermost ones shorter than lateral angle. Mouthparts and branchiae. Incisor process of mandible ending in irregular teeth, molar process truncated (Figure 2 D). Lower lacinia of maxillula broadly rounded, upper lacinia elongate, with numerous distinct teeth on inner margin, palp slender with few simple setae at tip (Figure 2 E). Upper endites of maxilla subdivided, palp slender, scaphognathite tapering posteriorly, fringed with long, curved setae at posterior margin (Figure 2 F). Palp of first maxilliped ending in a stout semi-triangular extension (Figure 2 G). Podobranch on second maxilliped well developed. (Figure 2 H). Third maxilliped with two arthrobranches, ultimate segment distinctly shorter than penultimate segment (Figure 3 A). First pereiopod with an arthrobranch. Pleurobranchs present on all pereiopods. Well-developed epipods (with hooks on distal end) present on third maxilliped and first 4 pereiopods. Pereiopods. Chela and carpus of first pereiopod stouter and broader than chela and carpus of second pereiopod (Figures 3 B,C); chela of first pereiopod 1.71–2.24 (median 1.96) times as long as wide, 1.43–1.56 (median 1.50) times length of carpus; tips of fingers rounded, without hooks; dactylus 0.87–1.14 (median 1.99) times as long as palm; carpus distinctly excavated distally 1.22–1.67 (median 1.43) times as long as wide, 0.78–0.86 (median 0.82) times length of merus. Merus 2.18–3.10 (median 2.65) times as long as wide, longer than ischium. Chela of second pereiopod 1.91–2.57 (median 2.30) times as long as wide, 0.92–1.01 (median 0.95) times length of carpus; tips of fingers rounded, without hooks, dactylus 1.18–1.29 (median 1.23) times as long as palm; carpus 2.83–4.33 (median 3.70) times as long as wide, 0.85–0.96 (median 0.95) times as long as merus; merus 3.81–4.89 (median 4.33) times as long as wide, longer than ischium. Third pereiopod moderately strong (Figures 3 D–F), sexual dimorphic, dactylus 2.15–2.62 (median 2.37) times as long as wide (terminal claw and spines on flexor margin included), terminating in one large claw with 5 or 6 accessory spines on flexor margin; propodus short, with numerous spinules on posterior margin in males, with few spinules in females, 3.60–7.88 (median 6.38) times as long as wide, 3.25–3.52 (median 3.52) times as long as dactylus; carpus 3.06–3.91 (median 3.40) times as long as wide, 0.67–0.75 (median 0.70) times as long as propodus, 0.52–0.60 (median 0.55) times as long as merus; merus inflated, 3.19–4.38 (median 3.75) times as long as wide, 1.68–1.93 (median 1.80) times as long as carpus, bearing 4–5 strong, apressed movable spinules on posterior margin of outer surface. Ischium without spinule. Fifth pereiopod slender (Figures 3 H,I), dactylus 2.32–2.73 (median 2.52) times as long as wide (terminal claw and spines on flexor margin included), terminating in one large claw with 14 spinules on flexor margin; propodus 7.56– 11.35 (median 9.46) times as long as wide, 3.72–3.78 (median 3.75) times length of dactylus, carpus 2.75 –4.00 (median 3.38) times as long as wide, 0.62–0.64 (median 0.63) times as long as propodus, 0.69–0.77 (median 0.73) times as long as merus; merus 3.28–5.13 (median 4.30) times as long as wide, 1.30–1.44 (median 1.37) times length of carpus, bearing 2–4 movable spinules on posterior margin of outer surface. Ischium without spinule. Pleopods. Endopod of male first pleopod (Figure 4 A) trapezoid, widened distally, 1.60–1.64 times as long as distal width (n= 2), 0.81–0.90 times as long as exopod, distal margin with long spines, inner margin with few short spinules, appendix interna arising from distal ¼ of endopod, not overreaching distal margin of endopod. Appendix masculina on male second pleopod (Figure 4 B) club-shaped, longer than endopod in adult males (7.47–8.74 (n= 2) times as long as wide, 1.15–1.37 times as long as endopod), armed with a row of strong spines on inner margin and a bottle-brush like spinulation on distal 1 / 3, appendix interna arising from about 0.4 times length of appendix masculina. Reproductive biology. Ovigerous females with numerous (1600 eggs counted in one specimen) small eggs; size of undeveloped eggs (without eyes) 0.23–0.24 x 0.37–0.39 mm. Size. Postorbital carapace length 3.0– 8.8 mm. Colour pattern. Colours (Colour plate 1) vary and tend to match the substrate the shrimp lives on. The body is either black or brownish with numerous small red dots. In some specimens, carapace and abdomen show blackish and whitish transversal bands. The coloration is lost on preserved animals. Habitat. All specimens were collected in the lower course of rivers (altitude 5–53 m), in running waters. Distribution. For the time being, this new genus was found only in South Africa and in the eastern rivers of Madagascar. The small and numerous eggs indicate a prolonged larval development and the habitat (lower course of rivers) suggests the possibility of a wider distribution range in Madagascar as well as in other rivers draining to the Indian Ocean. Molecular results. Six specimens were successfully sequenced at 16 S gene (Table 2). Sequences included 512 bp containing only 2 variable sites. After alignment with atyid sequences from von Rintelen et al. (2012), the 16 S dataset of 580 bp included 371 variable sites, of which 317 were phylogenetically informative. After removal of ambiguous blocks, 481 bp of sequence remained to be used in phylogenetic analyses (82 % of the original 580 positions), of which 289 bp were variable and 254 bp phylogenetically informative. Elephantis natalensis comb. nov. sequences were genetically well differentiated from all other sequences included in the analyses. Pairwise K 2 P genetic distances between E. natalensis and atyid sequences ranged from 9.8 to 33 %. Genetic distances between E. natalensis and Caridina -like sequences ranged from 9.8 to 18.7 %. Similar genetic distances were obtained when comparing E. natalensis sequences with Atya -like sequences. In the molecular analysis E. natalensis is placed within Caridina sensu lato. Indeed the genus Caridina was considered as polyphyletic in several molecular studies (Page et al., 2007; von Rintelen et al., 2008, 2012). Tree topology derived from both NJ and ML analyses using published 16 S sequences of atyid freshwater shrimps (von Rintelen et al. 2012) plus newly produced 16 S sequences of E. natalensis (present study) were similar to the 16 S topology produced by von Rintelen et al. (2012) (Fig. 5). Therefore we will present only the results obtained for E. natalensis from the ML analysis. The group including Atya -like shrimps and Caridina -like shrimps (von Rintelen et al, 2012) was found monophyletic (B (NJ analysis) = 79 %; B (ML analysis) = 71 %). Elephantis natalensis sequences formed a divergent group highly supported by bootstraps analyses (B (NJ analysis) = 100 %; B (ML analysis) = 99 %).

Elephantis gen. nov. Type species: Caridina natalensis Bouvier, 1925, by present designation and monotypy. Diagnosis. Small Caridina -like crustacean; carapace without supraorbital spine, with well-developed antennal spine; third maxilliped ending in a claw-like spine; 9 pairs of gills, podobranch on second maxilliped well developed, well developed (with distal hooks) epipods on third maxilliped and first to fourth pereiopod; third pereiopod moderately strong, merus inflated, propodus sexual dimorphic, with numerous scattered spinules on posterior margin in males, with few spinules arranged in two rows in females; endopod of first pleopod of males broadened distally, appendix interna arising from distal �� of endopod; appendix masculina on males second pleopod club-shaped, longer than endopod in adult males, armed with a row of strong spines on inner margin and a bottle-brush like spinulation on distal 1 / 3, appendix interna arising from about 0.4 times length of appendix masculina. Remarks. The holotype of C. natalensis was not available for the present study. Indeed the detailed description and drawings of Richard & Clark (2009, fig. 7-8) in their work on African Caridina let no doubts on the identity of the present specimen. Caridina natalensis resembles other species of this genus in branchial formula and shape of chelipeds. Some characters of this species, especially the structure of male sexual appendages is clearly different from all other members of Caridina. Since shape of sexual appendages are frequently used as diagnosis criteria in atyid genera (Kubo, 1938; Chace, 1983; Cai, 2010), a new genus, Elephantis gen. nov. is proposed here for this species. The conspicuous enlargement of the appendix masculina with appendix interna arising from about 0.4 times length of appendix masculina differs this species from all other members of Caridina. The shape of endopod of first pleopod in males (dilated distally) was used as a distinguishing feature from Caridina when Kubo erected the new genus Neocaridina in 1938 (Kubo, 1938). The endopod of first pleopod is also dilated in Elephantis but this species could be differentiated from all known members of Neocaridina by bearing long spines on distal margin of this appendage (versus distal margin without long spines and anterior surface of endopod beset with numerous small spinules in Neocaridina) and appendix interna is arising from distal �� of endopod (versus arising from basal part in Neocaridina). The appendix masculina on male���s second pleopod is kidney- or taper-shaped in Neocaridina and thus clearly different from the enlarged club-shaped structure in Elephantis. The proposed new genus is also different from Caridina and Neocaridina showing robust 3 rd perieopods with merus inflated. From most species assigned to these two genera Elephantis could be differentiated by the sexual dimorphism of the propodus of 3 rd and 4 th pereiopod. The inner margin of propodus of these pereiopods is beset with numerous small spinules in male specimen whereas just two rows of medium-sized spinules are shown on propodus of females. A similar form of sexual dimorphism is shown in members of the Caridina pareparensis species group known from Sulawesi, Indonesia (Klotz & von Rintelen, 2013). All members of this species group are different from Elephantis showing a stick-like, slender appendix masculina not reaching to distal end of endopod and a non-dilated endopod of male��s first pleopod. The new genus is only represented by one species Elephantis natalensis comb. nov. known from South Africa and Madagascar. Etymology. Elephantis is a humorous name after an ancient Greek erotical poetess in reference to the enlarged sexual appendages of males. Gender is feminine., Published as part of Castelin, Magalie, Marquet, Gerard & Klotz, Werner, 2013, Elephantis, a new genus for Caridina natalensis Bouvier, 1925 from eastern rivers of Madagascar, pp. 573-586 in Zootaxa 3702 (6) on page 576, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3702.6.5, http://zenodo.org/record/222105, {"references":["Bouvier, E. L. (1925) Recherches sur la morphologie, les variations, la distribution geographique des crevettes de la famille des Atyidae. Encyclopedie entomologique, 4, 1 - 370, 761 figs.","Richard, J. & Clark, P. F. (2009) African Caridina (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae): redescriptions of C. africana Kingsley, 1882, C. togoensis Hilgendorf, 1893, C. natalensis Bouvier, 1925 and C. roubaudi Bouvier, 1925 with descriptions of 14 new species. Zootaxa, 1995, 1 - 75.","Kubo, I. (1938) On the Japanese atyid shrimps. Journal of the Imperial Fisheries Institute, Tokyo, 33, 67 - 100.","Chace, F. A. J. (1983) The Atya - like shrimps of the Indo-Pacific Region (Decapoda: Atyidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 384, 1 - 54.","Cai, Y. (2010) Atydina, a new genus for Caridina atyoides Nobili, 1900, from Indonesia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae). Zootaxa, 2372, 75 - 79.","Klotz, W & von Rintelen, K. (2013) Three new species of Caridina (Decapoda: Atyidae) from Central Sulawesi and Buton Island, Indonesia, and a checklist of the islands' endemic species. Zootaxa, 3664 (4), 554 - 570. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3664.4.8"]}

Castelin, Magalie, Marquet, Gerard, Klotz, Werner (2013): Elephantis, a new genus for Caridina natalensis Bouvier, 1925 from eastern rivers of Madagascar. Zootaxa 3702 (6): 573-586, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3702.6.5

Caridina demani J. Roux, 1911 (Figs. 2A–D) Material examined. 1 male, cl 3.70 mm, 2 ovigerous females, cl 4.40–4.50 mm (ZMB 29467), Papua New Guinea, Sadaun, Bewani Stn., stream at base of Bewani Mountains, 200–300m, 03°05.130’S 141°10.227’E; leg. M. Balke and K. Sagata, 12.IV.2006. Diagnosis. Rostrum (Fig. 2A) straight, reaching to end of scaphocerite, 0.78–0.90 times as long as carapace, armed dorsally with 17 to 20 teeth including 2 or 3 on carapace posterior to orbital margin, terminal one-third of rostrum unarmed, 4 or 5 small ventral teeth. Pterygostomial angle broadly rounded. Antennular peduncle 0.70–0.83 times as long as carapace. Stylocerite 0.84–0.95 times as long as the basal segment of antennular peduncle. Carpus of first pereiopod (Fig. 2B) 1.45–1.54 times as long as wide, distally excavated; chela 1.81-1.96 times as long as wide; dactylus 1.08–1.26 times as long as palm; tips of fingers rounded. Merus of first pereiopod 1.3-1.5 times as long as ischium. Carpus of second pereiopod 3.37–3.91 times as long as wide, chela 2.08–2.29 times as long as wide, 0.88–0.91 times length of carpus; dactylus 1.25–1.39 times long as palm; tips of fingers rounded. Merus of second pereiopod 1.2–1.4 times as long as ischium. Dactylus of third pereiopod 3.50–3.64 times as long as wide (terminal spine included), terminating in 1 large claw and 5 or 6 spines on flexor margin; propodus 9.75–12.36 times long as wide, 3.86–4.25 times as long as dactylus. Fifth pereiopod slender, dactylus 4.0–5.2 times as long as wide (terminal spine included), with 1 large claw and 32-38 spines on flexor margin; propodus 10.33–11.43 times as long as wide, 3.65–4.00 long as dactylus. Epipods present on first 4 pereiopods. Endopod of male first pleopod (Fig. 2C) short, triangular, 1.4 times as long as proximal width, without appendix interna. Sixth abdominal segment 0.58–0.63 times length of carapace. Telson (Fig. 2D) 3.0 times as long as proximally wide, posterior margin rounded, without median projection, with 3 pairs of dorsal and 1 pair of dorsolateral spinules; distal end with 8–10 spines, lateral pair longer and stouter than intermediate spines. Preanal carina rounded, without a tooth or spine. Uropodal diaeresis with 12–13 movable spinules. Egg size of overigerous females 0.96–1.01 × 0.56–0.62 mm. Distribution. Caridina demani is only known from some rivers in the northern part of New Guinea, especially from the rivers Tawarin (J. Roux 1911), Tami at Humboldt Bay, Tjano at Njao, Zoutbron (De Man 1915), Mamberamo (J. Roux 1927), and a stream at the base of Bewani Mt. (this study). Remarks. Caridina demani is very similar to C. cognata De Man, 1915. It can be distinguished from C. cognata by the longer, distally unarmed rostrum and fewer teeth on the ventral margin (4 or 5 vs. 7–9 in C. cognata), by a stouter carpus and chela of the first and second pereiopods (carpus of first pereiopod 1.5, of second pereiopod 3.4–3.9 times as long as wide vs. 1.6–2.0 and 4.0–5.2 times as long in C. cognata). The specimens examined correspond well to the descriptions of J. Roux (1911, 1917, 1927) and De Man (1915). Only small differences were found in egg size (0.96–1.01 × 0.56–0.62 mm vs. 0.75–0.85 × 0.40–0.80 mm), which could be due to different developmental stages, different preservation state or method of measuring; and the length to width ratio of the carpus of the first (1.45–1.50 vs. 1.60–2.00) and second pereiopod (3.47– 3.91 vs. 4.0–5.0). De Man (1915) described a high intraspecific variability in his material of C. demani. His specimens were larger than those examined by J. Roux (1911). They further showed a length to width ratio of the carpus (1.44–1.75 on the first and 3.33–4.00 on the second pereiopods and 6–9 ventral teeth on the rostrum). The measurements obtained from the three specimen in our collection fall into the range reported by De Man (1915). The differences between the type series of J. Roux (1911), the specimen reported from three different locations by De Man and our specimen should be regarded as intraspecific variation between populations from different habitats., Published as part of Karge, Andreas, Rintelen, Kristina Von & Klotz, Werner, 2010, On two small collections of freshwater shrimps (Decapoda: Atyidae: Caridina) from Papua New Guinea, with descriptions of two new species *, pp. 138-150 in Zootaxa 2372 (1) on page 140, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.14, http://zenodo.org/record/5310307, {"references":["Roux, J. (1911) Nouvelles Especes de Decapodes d'eau douce provenant de Papouasie. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 38, 81 - 106.","Man, J. G. de (1915) Zur Fauna von Nord-Neuguinea. Nach den Sammlungen von Dr. P. N. van Kampen u. K. Gjellerup aus den Jahren 1910 und 1911. Macrura. Zoologisches Jahrbuch Abtheilung fur Systematik 37, 385 - 458.","Roux, J. (1927) Contribution a la Faune Carcinologique d`eau douce de la Nouvelle-Guinee. Nova Guinea, Resultats de l`Expedition Scientifique Neerlandaise a la Nouvelle-Guinee, Zoologique, 15, 319 - 350.","Roux, J. (1917) Crustaces (Expedition de 1903). Nova Guinea. Resultats de l'Expedition scientifique Neerlandaise a la Nouvelle-Guinee en 1903 sous les auspices de Arthur Wichmann, V (Zoologie), 589 - 621."]}

Rintelen, Kristina von, Karge, Andreas, Klotz, Werner (2008): News from a small island - first record of a freshwater shrimp (Decapoda, Atyidae, Caridina) from Peleng, Banggai Islands, Indonesia. Journal of Natural History 42 (33-34): 2243-2256, DOI: 10.1080/00222930802254680, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930802254680