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This paper seeks to characterize the particular ways in which design beauty arises and is assessed, distinguishing design appreciation on a number of grounds, including the 'functional style' of design, which integrates form and function in ways unique to designed objects. Making four central distinctions--between notions of design vs art; aesthetic vs instrumental judgements; function vs use; and ornamentation vs mere decoration--the paper suggests that aesthetic judgements of design require recognition and assessment of the play of form and function in the design decisions that achieve the creation of an object within acknowledged functional constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, BaTiO3 nanoparticles synthesized by laser ablation were embedded in p-type and n-type porous silicon (PSi), which were prepared using an electrochemical etching method. Structural analysis confirmed that the synthesized BaTiO3 nanoparticles are crystalline with a tetragonal structure. The direct optical energy gap of the BaTiO3 nanoparticles was found to be 3.75 eV at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the synthesized BaTiO3 nanoparticles have a spherical morphology with an average particle size of 34 nm. The optoelectronic properties of BaTiO3-embedded n-type and p-type porous silicon photodetectors were investigated, including dark and illuminated current–voltage characteristics, responsivity, external quantum efficiency, and specific detectivity. The responsivity of n-BaTiO3-embedded p-PSi and n-BaTiO3- embedded n-PSi was 0.44 and 0.12 A/W at 350 nm, respectively. Energy band diagrams under illumination conditions were constructed for n-BaTiO3-embedded p-PSi and n-BaTiO3- embedded n-PSi heterojunction photodetector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of archaeometric research on the white and red materials used to decorate some ceramic vessels belonging to the Boian culture, the Vidra and Spanţov phases from the 5th millennium BC, discovered at Hârşova-Tell, on the right bank of the Danube, Romania. Digital microscopy, wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to identify the morphology, the crystalline phases, chemical formula, and percentage content of each crystalline phase in the white decoration materials and what type of pigment was used to prepare the red paint. The results obtained reveal that the white decorating material in the pottery is mostly made of calcite. It was added after the pottery was fired. Sometimes, powders from burnt bones were also used. The red pigment is hematite. The work contributes to the completion of a puzzle related to the artistic vision of the members of the Boian communities in decorating ceramics with culture-specific motifs, preserving the pattern, and adapting to the local natural resources.

Abstract Spindle whorls are a kind of spinning tools of crucially important in prehistoric period. Haidai region is one of the main historical and cultural areas of prehistoric China, and had a relatively developed textile handicraft production, where a large number of spindle whorls were unearthed, including many decorated ones. In order to make clear the uses of the decorated spindle whorls and the meanings of the patterns on them, the data of prehistoric decorated spindle whorls unearthed in archaeological sites of the period from Beixin Culture to Yueshi Culture in Haidai region of China were collected and analyzed, and the morphological data (dimension and shapes) of them were compared with that of undecorated ones. The patterns on the decorated spindle whorls were analyzed and classified, and the characteristics of the patterns in different cultural periods were studied, and based on this, the purpose of making decorated spindle whorls and the function and meanings of the patterns were discussed. The results showed that the range of morphological data of the decorated spindle whorls in Haidai region is consistent with that of undecorated ones belonging to the same period and unearthed in the same site, while compared with undecorated spindle whorls, decorated ones are more affected by regional culture and thus show different features from the ones unearthed in other archaeological sites belonging to the same cultural period. It is concluded that the most basic function of the decorated spindle whorls should be as practical tools for normal spinning production, and the patterns on them should have multiple meanings such as practical, decorative, distinctive and symbolic. The study of decorated spindle whorls can help us understand the prehistoric regional culture in Haidai region.

Nowadays, detection of toxic gases is extremely important for high standards of our lives. Chemiresistive gas sensors are mostly realized from semiconducting metal oxides thanks to their high sensing performance along with low price. Semiconducting niobium pentoxide (Nb 2 O 5) with n-type behavior is a potential sensing material, but it is less studied relative to other metal oxides for gas sensing applications. In this article, we have reviewed various strategies to boost gas sensing features of Nb 2 O 5 nanostructures. We have summarized pristine, decorated, doped, and composite Nb 2 O 5 -based gas sensors in detail with more focus on their sensing mechanism. We believe that present review paper is highly helpful for the people working in this interesting field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of archaeometric research on the white and red materials used to decorate some ceramic vessels belonging to the Boian culture, the Vidra and Spanţov phases from the 5th millennium BC, discovered at Hârşova-Tell, on the right bank of the Danube, Romania. Digital microscopy, wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to identify the morphology, the crystalline phases, chemical formula, and percentage content of each crystalline phase in the white decoration materials and what type of pigment was used to prepare the red paint. The results obtained reveal that the white decorating material in the pottery is mostly made of calcite. It was added after the pottery was fired. Sometimes, powders from burnt bones were also used. The red pigment is hematite. The work contributes to the completion of a puzzle related to the artistic vision of the members of the Boian communities in decorating ceramics with culture-specific motifs, preserving the pattern, and adapting to the local natural resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La‐decorated Bi2O2CO3 (BCO‐La) microspheres are synthesized using a facile wet chemical strategy for sensing low‐concentration nonanal (C9H18O) at room temperature. These BCO‐La gas sensors are applied to evaluate agricultural product quality, specifically for cooked rice. The sensitivity of the BCO‐6La sensor significantly surpassed that of the pure BCO sensor, achieving a response value of 174.6 when detecting 30 ppm nonanal gas. Notably, the BCO‐6La sensor demonstrated a faster response time (36 s) when exposed to 18 ppm of nonanal. Additionally, the selectivity toward nonanal gas detection is higher (approximately 4–24 times) compared to interfering gases (1‐octanol, geranyl acetone, linalool, hexanal, 2‐pentyfuran, and 1‐octen‐3‐ol) during cooked rice quality detection. The gas sensing mechanism and the factors contributing to the enhanced sensing performance of the BCO‐La microspheres are demonstrated through in situ FT‐IR spectra and DFT analysis while the realistic detection scenario is carried out. In a broader context, the reported sensors here represent a novel platform for the detection and monitoring of gases released by agricultural products during storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La‐decorated Bi2O2CO3 (BCO‐La) microspheres are synthesized using a facile wet chemical strategy for sensing low‐concentration nonanal (C9H18O) at room temperature. These BCO‐La gas sensors are applied to evaluate agricultural product quality, specifically for cooked rice. The sensitivity of the BCO‐6La sensor significantly surpassed that of the pure BCO sensor, achieving a response value of 174.6 when detecting 30 ppm nonanal gas. Notably, the BCO‐6La sensor demonstrated a faster response time (36 s) when exposed to 18 ppm of nonanal. Additionally, the selectivity toward nonanal gas detection is higher (approximately 4–24 times) compared to interfering gases (1‐octanol, geranyl acetone, linalool, hexanal, 2‐pentyfuran, and 1‐octen‐3‐ol) during cooked rice quality detection. The gas sensing mechanism and the factors contributing to the enhanced sensing performance of the BCO‐La microspheres are demonstrated through in situ FT‐IR spectra and DFT analysis while the realistic detection scenario is carried out. In a broader context, the reported sensors here represent a novel platform for the detection and monitoring of gases released by agricultural products during storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engraved portable objects from Upper Palaeolithic and earlier sites are argued to be cognitive tools designed to store information for the purposes of calculation, record‐keeping, or communication. This paper reviews the surprisingly long intellectual history of comparisons between these ancient objects and message sticks: marked graphic devices traditionally used for long‐distance communication in Indigenous Australia. I argue that, while such comparisons have often been misguided, more cautious applications of ethnographic analogy may yield useful insights. A systematic analysis of historical observations together with more recent fieldwork, indicate that Australian message sticks are primarily tools of social cognition, as opposed to cognition tout court, and rely on orality and other context to become meaningful. Further, the practice of message stick communication may help clarify ongoing problems in the interpretation of Upper Palaeolithic objects including their possible role in aggregation activities, the distinction between decoration and notation, and the interplay between graphic sequences and speech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spindle whorls are a kind of spinning tools of crucially important in prehistoric period. Haidai region is one of the main historical and cultural areas of prehistoric China, and had a relatively developed textile handicraft production, where a large number of spindle whorls were unearthed, including many decorated ones. In order to make clear the uses of the decorated spindle whorls and the meanings of the patterns on them, the data of prehistoric decorated spindle whorls unearthed in archaeological sites of the period from Beixin Culture to Yueshi Culture in Haidai region of China were collected and analyzed, and the morphological data (dimension and shapes) of them were compared with that of undecorated ones. The patterns on the decorated spindle whorls were analyzed and classified, and the characteristics of the patterns in different cultural periods were studied, and based on this, the purpose of making decorated spindle whorls and the function and meanings of the patterns were discussed. The results showed that the range of morphological data of the decorated spindle whorls in Haidai region is consistent with that of undecorated ones belonging to the same period and unearthed in the same site, while compared with undecorated spindle whorls, decorated ones are more affected by regional culture and thus show different features from the ones unearthed in other archaeological sites belonging to the same cultural period. It is concluded that the most basic function of the decorated spindle whorls should be as practical tools for normal spinning production, and the patterns on them should have multiple meanings such as practical, decorative, distinctive and symbolic. The study of decorated spindle whorls can help us understand the prehistoric regional culture in Haidai region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report demonstrates the development of carbon fibers (CFs) decorated with TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) as an efficient photocatalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) as a model dye. Carbon fibers were produced by carbonization of polyacrylonitrile fibers, previously produced by centrifugal spinning. Subsequently, the CFs were decorated with TiO2 NPs (CFs@TiO2) by tailored soaking protocol using aqueous TiCl4 solution with different concentrations (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 M). SEM analyses revealed that soaking in TiCl4 produced a smooth, conformal, continuous TiO2 nanoparticulate coating with thickness increasing from 40.4 ± 21.2 to 257.9 ± 63.9 nm with increasing TiCl4 concentration. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the anatase nature of TiO2. Photocatalytic decomposition rates of MB were assessed under UV light illumination for all CFs@TiO2 samples, and it was revealed that the lowest amount of TiO2 NP on C yielded the highest rates. The synergistic interaction between CFs and TiO2 NPs with a uniform morphology and a well-crystalline anatase structure, present in an optimal amount of fiber bodies, is the key reason for the remarkable photocatalytic performance. This work shows that C fibers decorated with an optimal amount of TiO2 NPs have a great potential as an effective photocatalytic material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the general architectural features and decorations of the Friday Mosque of İsfahan, Iran, which belongs to the 11th century Great Seljuk State period, one of the most important works of Islamic architecture, are examined. This mosque, which is also called Atiq Mosque, Masjid-e Jameh and Great Mosque today, is among the most important structures that have witnessed hundreds of years of history. This study on the expressibility of the semantic dimension of the structure in the syntactic dimension is important in terms of its contribution to the literature. For this purpose, information about the Great Seljuk mosque architecture and the historical development process of Friday Mosque in terms of architecture is given and the subject and purpose of the researches on this mosque are stated. Then, the method to be used in expressing the architectural structure and decorations in the syntactic dimension is explained. In order to obtain the data about the mosque, on-site visual-observation and examination technique and photography technique were used. Basic design principles were used in the analysis of the data. As a result, the architectural features and ornamental motifs used in this mosque, which is an important mosque of the Great Seljuk period, have been revealed with this method. The findings obtained about the structure and ornaments can be used in religious buildings as well as other architectural structures, ornaments, clothing, furniture and decoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I'timād-ud-Daulah (Mîrzâ Gıyâsüddîn Muhammed Tahrânî) is not from Iran, contrary to what is believed, but one of the Turks emigrated from Iran to India. The Tomb of I'timād-ud-Daulah is located in the center of the city of Agra in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India, in the north of the Agra Fort and in the east of the Yamuna River. In the inscriptions on the building, there are the dates of h. 1037 (g. 1627/28) and h. 1039 (g. 1629/30) and the signature of Abd al Nabi alQurashi, the calligrapher. Although there is not an inscription, endowment or official document about the founder, it is accepted that it was built by Nur Jahan, one of the important woman founders of the period, for her father Mîrzâ Gıyâsüddîn Muhammed Tahrânî and her mother Asmat Begum. The basis of this is the fact that the tombs she built for her husband Jahangir Shah and herself in Lahore are quite similar to I'timād-ud-Daulah in terms of architectural and decorative characteristics. The tomb has an important place in the 17th century Turkish-Islamic architecture. It stands out in many ways among other tombs built during the Mughal period in India. It also serves as an example for the pure tombs or complex structures that include tombs that were built in the later period. The tomb is a pioneer in design in terms of architectural decorations of the Taj Mahal. However, although it is the source of inspiration for Taj Mahal’s designs, it is not as well-known as Taj Mahal. In addition to the fact that the building was the pioneer of many novelties among Turkish-Islamic buildings located in India that had not been seen before, it adhered to the Mughal tomb architecture tradition with its plan schema. Through this study, the location, history, founder and architectural and decorative characteristics of the tomb of I'timād-ud-Daulah have been examined, and it has been aimed at contributing the further studies on Mughal period architecture in India and introducing the building, which has not been emphasized so far, to the world of science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Art History / Sanat Tarihi Dergisi is the property of Ege University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Art History / Sanat Tarihi Dergisi is the property of Ege University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The absence of adequate methods for hydrogen storage has prevented the implementation of hydrogen as a major source of energy. Graphene-based materials have been considered for use as solid hydrogen storage, because of graphene's high specific surface area. However, these materials alone do not meet the hydrogen storage standard of 6.5 wt.% set by the United States Department of Energy (DOE). They can, however, be easily modified through either decoration or doping to alter their chemical properties and increase their hydrogen storage capacity. This review is a compilation of various published reports on this topic and summarizes results from theoretical and experimental studies that explore the hydrogen storage properties of metal-modified graphene materials. The efficacy of alkali, alkaline earth metal, and transition metal decoration is examined. In addition, metal doping to further increase storage capacity is considered. Methods for hydrogen storage capacity measurements are later explained and the properties of an effective hydrogen storage material are summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gravestones in the hazires of buildings such as mosques, tombs and madrasahs have an important place in determining the people who lived in the settlements where the buildings are located, as well as providing data such as dating the buildings and identifying the owner. In this context, the gravestones in the Bursa Mudanya Halil Aga (Old) Mosque and its treasury, which have not been the subject of any previous study, have been examined in detail. Halil Aga (Eski) Mosque, also known as The Old Mosque among the people, is a modest neighborhood mosque in terms of plan, arrangement and ornamentation. The building, whose first construction date is not known for certain, was repaired by Kethüda Halil Ağa in 1643-44 according to the repair inscription on the crown gate. The first construction date and the owner of the building were identified through foundation records, archival documents and the gravestone in the building’s treasury. There are eight graves in the treasury of the mosque. In addition to the tombstone belonging to the founder of the mosque, there are also tombstones belonging to people who served in the city such as highranking qadis, muderris, mullahs from the ulema-ı kuzattan and their relatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Zhuang ethnic minority the most populous ethnic minority in China boasts a long history and splendid national culture. The evolution of Zhuang traditional costumes is an important part of the Zhuang costume culture and has become a special carrier of Zhuang culture reflecting the lifestyle of the Zhuang and containing rich information about Zhuang culture. Using a combination of historical documentary information and field research and investigation methods the article finds through the field investigation of the traditional costumes of the Zhuang women in the Qing Dynasty and the contemporary Longsheng Zhuang costumes collected by the Longji Zhuang Eco-museum of Longsheng Guangxi Province that the form structure and decoration of the contemporary Longsheng Zhuang costumes have changed significantly from those of Longsheng Zhuang costumes of the Qing Dynasty which is a typical example of the development and evolution of the traditional costumes of the Zhuang people. The article focuses on the comparative analysis of the genealogical matrix characteristics of the Longsheng Zhuang traditional costumes in Guangxi and the contemporary costumes in an attempt to analyze the characteristics of the development and evolution of the Zhuang traditional costumes and to summarize the evolutionary factors. With focus on the comparative analysis of the shape structure decoration and other clothing genealogical matrix characteristics of the traditional and contemporary costumes of Longsheng Zhuang people in Guangxi the article explores the "changing and "unchanging costume genealogical matrix factors in the process of costume evolution and discusses the coupling perspectives of social change and cultural integration life style and environmental change and common ethnic consciousness of the Zhuang people. The article initially clarifies that the motivation of the evolution of the traditional costumes of the Zhuang people is often the result of the simultaneous action of a variety of factors and it provides certain theoretical reference for in-depth research on the genealogy of the Zhuang people's traditional costumes and it is of historical and practical significance for the excavation of cultural connotations behind the Zhuang people's traditional costumes as well as for the protection inheritance development and modern evolution of the national costumes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the analysis of the distinctive iconographical features of some Urartian bronze helmets. The decorations of the bronze helmets occupy a unique place in the decorative-applied art of the Kingdom of Van (Urartu, 9-6 c. BC). Within the article, conical bronze helmets decorated with ritual scenes are described not only as an important element of military equipment but as a ceremonial or votive object as well. The purpose of the study is to discover the possible iconographic interpretations and symbolic characteristics in the artistic decoration of the Urartian helmets. The main goal of the article is to demonstrate iconographic forms as an artistic expression of ancient astrological and mythological knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Almaty Technological University is the property of Almaty Technological University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study examines the ability of Ca-decorated C48B12 fullerene (Ca/C48B12) to adsorb and store carbon dioxide (CO2) molecules through density functional theory calculations. The most stable structure of the Ca/C48B12 is achived by placing a Ca atom on the center of each C4B2 ring. To address the issue of clustering, six Ca atoms were favourably decorated on the C48B12 fullerene. Additionally, up to five CO2 molecules can be adsorbed on each decorated Ca atom, with an average adsorption energy of −0.44 eV and a gravimetric density of 58 %. Furthermore, the Ca/C48B12 fullerene exhibits high selectivity in separating CO2 from natural gas mixtures containing CO2/H2, CO2/N2, and CO2/CH4. These findings suggest that Ca/C48B12 fullerene holds potential as an effective solution for CO2 storage and separation in real-world applications.

This report demonstrates the development of carbon fibers (CFs) decorated with TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) as an efficient photocatalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) as a model dye. Carbon fibers were produced by carbonization of polyacrylonitrile fibers, previously produced by centrifugal spinning. Subsequently, the CFs were decorated with TiO2 NPs (CFs@TiO2) by tailored soaking protocol using aqueous TiCl4 solution with different concentrations (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 M). SEM analyses revealed that soaking in TiCl4 produced a smooth, conformal, continuous TiO2 nanoparticulate coating with thickness increasing from 40.4 ± 21.2 to 257.9 ± 63.9 nm with increasing TiCl4 concentration. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the anatase nature of TiO2. Photocatalytic decomposition rates of MB were assessed under UV light illumination for all CFs@TiO2 samples, and it was revealed that the lowest amount of TiO2 NP on C yielded the highest rates. The synergistic interaction between CFs and TiO2 NPs with a uniform morphology and a well-crystalline anatase structure, present in an optimal amount of fiber bodies, is the key reason for the remarkable photocatalytic performance. This work shows that C fibers decorated with an optimal amount of TiO2 NPs have a great potential as an effective photocatalytic material.

The graves of people belonging to the Quraysh family who settled in the village of Kureyşli Sarikaya in Üzümlü district of Erzincan constitute the subject of this study. The name of the village is mentioned in the archive documents at the earliest in 1845/46, but it is not known exactly when the settlement in the village started. The historical gravestones in Kureyşli Sarikaya cemetery were recorded with this research and were scientifically examined and introduced for the first time. There is not much damage to the gravestones and new burials are also located in this cemetery today. The tombs, inscriptions, material and ornamental features of the tombs were analysed in the context of art history methodology. In addition to headstones such as fez and turban, headstones with human head shapes, round and segmented arches, and triangular shaped gravestones without headgear can be seen on the tombstones. The richness of the decoration in the cemetery attracts attention. In this context, only 8 historical graves in the cemetery were examined, the other examples are from today’s grave structures. There are no undecorated grave structures in the cemetery. All of the graves discussed are decorated examples. In the graves where decorations with figures and objects predominate, there are horse, bird, architectural depictions, crescent and star motifs, firearms and cutting weapons, coffee sets, pitchers, trays, basins, ladles and goblet motifs. In the type of botanical decoration, there are depictions of cypresses and the tree of life, flowers with six petals, as well as geometric compositions such as rosettes, the seal of Solomon and the passion flower. In the decorations, depictions that continue the Central Asian Turkish tradition can be seen. These decorations will be evaluated by presenting examples of how the Turks continued their beliefs and traditions in Central Asia on tombstones in Anatolia. Each tomb structure has been prepared as a catalogue. The graves in the cemetery, which span a period of approximately 100 years, starting from 1845 and lasting until 1951, are also important in that they continue a tradition. The information in the inscriptions doesn’t provide sufficient information about the person as they only contain names and dates. Since the same decorations were used in different regions in Anatolia, an attempt was made to determine their place in the regional culture.

Peppermint is a perennial herb with high inhibitory power against bacteria because its chemical profile contains menthol and menthone. In this research, peppermint essential oil (PEO) was encapsulated in various levels (0, 2.5, 5, and 10% w/v) in nanofibers (NFs) obtained from zein using an electrospinning technique. SEM, XRD, TGA, and FTIR tests were performed to investigate the characteristics of NFs after producing them. Also, the resultant NFs were evaluated regarding encapsulation efficiency (EE) and antimicrobial properties via disc-diffusion against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Salmonella enterica. The results indicated that the morphology was tubular, uniform, and free bead. Fiber diameter increased on average by increasing the amount of PEO (p<0.05). XRD results showed that PEO was amorphous in electrospun zein NFs. TGA and FTIR analyses confirmed the presence of PEO in the electrospun fibers. In addition, the FTIR spectrum showed that the zein protein changed its secondary structure because of the PEO. The results of EE showed that an increase in PEO concentration caused a relevant rise in EE (P<0.05). The electrospun NFs containing PEO showed antimicrobial properties against the target bacteria. According to the current research, NFs obtained from zein via electrospinning can be applied suitably as a substrate to encapsulate PEO as a hydrophobic component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The surface modification of the TiO2 with selective narrow band gap of metal or metal sulfide is an attractive attention in recent years. Herein, tiny Ag2S nanoparticles are well anchored on the TiO2 surface by a cost‐effective chemical precipitation method for efficient photocatalytic activity. The decoration of Ag2S nanoparticles is clearly identified through electron microscopy studies. The UV‐Vis diffuse reflection spectra (DRS) revealed that TiO2/Ag2S composites absorbed broad spectrum in the visible region. The reduced band‐gap of 2.41 eV by anchored the Ag2S on TiO2 may boosted the photocatalytic activity. Particularly, incorporation of Ag2S nanoparticles increased charge separation efficiency, lowering recombination, and improving photocatalytic performance. Because of their unique structural and optical properties, TiO2/Ag2S composites have increased photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic performance of the pristine Ag2S and Ag2S anchored TiO2 are Crystal violet (CV) and Methyl orange (MO) dye molecules under same experimental condition. As expected, the TiO2/Ag2S showed highest photocatalytic degradation efficiency than alone TiO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The following research deals with Al-Qastal Palace, one of the most important early Islamic structures. It dates specifically to the Umayyad era in Jordan. Its floors are decorated with geometric mosaics, which were revealed during a series of archaeological excavations. These mosaics are characterized by a high level of artistic skill in their execution, particularly as evidenced by the great diversity in their shapes and designs. This study marks a serious attempt to compare the palace's mosaics with their counterpart in Byzantine art as represented at various Byzantine sites, likewise, to show the influence of Byzantine models on Islamic mosaics. Our research suggests that there was a prevalent school of art that was widespread in the region. By comparing the mosaics with relatively nearby sites, we were able to arrive at a comprehensive overview of mosaic production in the region, and determine whether they all belong to a single school of art. A serious attempt is being made to identify the main sources of influence for Qasr al-Qastal, especially those coming from Asia Minor, but also from other places outside the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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There is an increase in decoration and renovation activities in the construction industry, and waste generation rates (WGRs) play a crucial role in guiding the management of demolition waste in decoration and renovation projects (DWDRPs). However, there has been little systematic research on this type of waste. Based on site surveys and a document review of 26 projects, this study offers insights into DWDRP wastes, from their initial generation to their final disposal. The results revealed that the WGRs for DWDRPs ranged from 30.96 kg/m2 to 629.96 kg/m2 and that the key components of DWDRPs included mortar, concrete, timber, tile, and metal; these five types of waste contributed 75.02% of the total waste. Although these findings deviate slightly from those of previous studies, these variations are attributed to diverse waste management practices, awareness levels, and employed construction technologies. Despite its importance, in China, the management of DWDRPs faces challenges, such as limited public awareness, inadequate collection and sorting guidance, and insufficient legislation. To counter these issues, we recommend a set of strategies, including stringent regulations, enhanced supervision, government incentives, improved collection and sorting methods, and the adoption of innovative technologies. This study not only sheds light on the specific challenges in decoration and demolition waste management in rapidly urbanizing areas but also proposes a comprehensive approach for improving waste management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Faces Revealed Project established a new methodology for studying the geometry of the human forms and facial features realized on anthropoid yellow coffins of Ancient Egypt. Since 1980, yellow coffins have been the subject of various studies mainly focused on iconography and palaeography. However, these anthropoid coffins are three-dimensional objects with well-rendered masks and detailed facial features as well as forearms, hands and bellies. This lack of analysis in the study of coffins may be due to the fact that they are “concealed” by rich and multi-coloured decoration, so they are not easily visible in all their forms to the naked eye. Today new technologies allow us to go more in-depth and digitally switch off the decoration and observe these “invisible” features. As this is an entirely new process, the primary task of the Faces Revealed Project was to establish a new methodology from the photogrammetric survey to the data collection. The present article discusses in detail the stages of the Project applied to around 100 Egyptian yellow coffins stored in Museums in Europe, the United States and Egypt and the information that they can disclose. The task is to share with the scientific community the established protocol and offering the possibility to “work independently” applying the same methodology to the same objects as well as to other classes of material.

A book recently published by AAM is devoted to the architectural firm of Clé Millet Architects and its recent work on the Marigny Theatre. Stéphane Millet gives details on the difficulties inherent in such restoration projects. First of all, in collaboration with the regional cultural services (Direction régionale des Affaires culturelles), an analysis of the existing situation is the delicate prelude, distinguishing between intangible heritage aspects and elements that can be changed. This is followed by the elaboration of solutions which can reconcile the safekeeping of the architecture and its decoration in all its integrity both with the simple stability of the building and with regulatory requirements that are in constant evolution concerning structure, thermal comfort, security and scenography. The Marigny Theatre is an institution open to the public with historic monument protection, and the mission to safeguard it is what is described in this article. The rehabilitation and extension of the theatre accumulated technical challenges associated with the traditional structures designed by Charles Garnier and with materials newly added in contemporary and prospective perspectives.

Mirror-tile geometric Artwork is considered the last innovation of Iranian artists in the group of the fine arts. That utilizes, for the interior architecture and decoration of buildings. The use of pieces of glass-mirrors and Mirror-tile artwork has economic origins and recycling roots. In the beginning, the Glass-mirrors, which had been brought to Iran from Europe, break during transportation. Iranian artists and Muslim Craftsmen found an innovative way to take advantage of these broken pieces and used them as Mirror-tiles. Being wasteful is an act that is abhorred in Islam. In traditional Iranian-Islamic art, the mirror element, besides that has been one subject of aesthetics for decorating the architectural built-space, includes deep cultural concepts that have not been considering for various reasons. This research looks at semiotic signs from an analytical point of view and explaining the use of the Mirror-tile art in Iranian-Islamic architecture by quoting information from the analysis to understand the quality of architectural built-space decorated with the Mirror-tile art. Aim to introduce the real and genuine aspects of mirror art as an influential architectural element through the thoughts of its creators as a result, in this research, first, the concepts related to semiotic ideas are dealt with descriptively, and, with an analytical approach, a connection established between various theories. Mirror-tile art also contains tremendous amounts of meaning - messages that words can never describe. For these craftsmen, that's at the core of their creation. Among the mystics, the inner language is the language of Spirit and Truth, and the tools of that language are the symbol and indication. With the aim of the influence of the Persian mystical thoughts about the mirror, this study cum the available historical and contemporary sources and analyzing them deals with the hidden meanings in Mirror-tile artwork. Reveal its connection with mystical thoughts through Persian literature.

in the Azbakeya neighborhood within the activities of the theater festival for higher institutes and private academies within the framework of participation in the competition of the Ministry of Higher Education for the 7-color band for students of the Higher Institute of Applied Arts on the sixth of October. The text was written by Salim Kitchener, and revolves around The events of the play are in an absurd framework that tends to symbolism, as it revolves around Antar Ibn Shaddad from the era of pre-Islamic era, coincidentally speaking to him with Shayboub, as they move through time and reach our present era.After reading and analyzing the text and attending several rehearsals for the presentation and discussion with the director, it was agreed to deal with the show in an absurd manner that tends to symbolism, because the text is based on a fantasy idea whose events are inspired by the author's imagination. The researcher identified the main problem, which is: How to create an actual image on the stage that moves the spectator from the era of ignorance to our present time and from place to place where events move six different scenes until they end up in a mental hospital and achieve this despite the weak budget because the show is an activity My students on a limited budget?The researcher wondered, is it possible to find a quick way to implement the decoration and change the scenes to move the spectator from one scene to another without feeling the events stopped or leaving the absurd dramatic atmosphere? Finally, is it possible to design and implement a decor suitable for displaying the text on two theaters, each of which differs in standards and specifications, as the novel was shown on the Romance Theater in May 2018, and then the El-Sawy Culture Wheel Theater in Cairo, Zamalek District, in July 2018?Consequently, the researcher designed a decor in an absurd manner that tends to symbolism, as Antara Ibn Shaddad travels through time from the era of ignorance to our present time and moving from place to place until they end up in a mental hospital, and they do not believe the extent of human degeneration in moral values and humanity.