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Objective: Hospital emergency services have specific care characteristics that make them more vulnerable to the risk of legal claims. The fact of suffering a legal claim for professional practice is a very traumatic event. The objective of this study was to find out the opinion of the professionals of the hospital emergency services in Spain on the importance of practices associated with defensive medicine., Methods: Survey of 1,449 professionals from public and private hospital emergency services throughout the national territory was made, in the period between March 13 th and April 3rd , 2017. A univariate analysis was performed to identify variables in relation to the practice of defensive medicine, and the determination of the groups of greater association (chi2 test) to evaluate these variables., Results: 96.1% expressed the need to strengthen their medical-legal training. 91.3% of the cases felt more legal pressure and 88.7% declared that they act conditioned by the threat of judicial claim. Regarding patient treatments, 89.8% stated that they perform diagnostic tests that may not be necessary and 63% of professionals stated that they extend the stay of patients in the emergency department. As for the healthcare organization, 88% declared that they do not feel protected by the structure and 79.1% do not felt support from the center's management., Conclusions: Practices associated with defensive medicine are frequent in our country, with a high proportion of criminal proceedings, and the two main causes are dispensable diagnostic tests and unnecessary prolongation of length of stay.