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Fatigue tests of crack propagation from a precrack in thin-walled tubular specimens made of a medium-carbon steel were performed under cyclic torsion with and without superposed static or cyclic axial loading. The stress ratio of cyclic loading was−1. The fatigue crack-propagation path from a precrack was compared with the predictions based on the maximum tangential stress criterion. The direction of fatigue crack propagation follows the direction of the maximum of the range of the tangential stress,Δσ*θ max, near the crack tip determined from the stress intensity factor (SIF) which was calculated by considering the contacts of crack faces at the minimum load. The SIF calculated from the actual crack path by using the body force method (BFM) showed that the mode II SIF range quickly approached zero after a small amount of crack extension. The crack-propagation rate decreased first and then increased with crack extension. The initial dip of the crack-propagation rate was caused by the development of crack closure with crack extension. As cracks extended a long distance, the propagation rate was faster than the uniaxial data. This acceleration of crack propagation was caused by excessive plasticity near the crack tip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The resistance-curve ( R-curve) method was applied to the prediction of the fatigue thresholds of notched components under in-phase and out-of-phase combinations of cyclic torsion and axial loadings. The prediction was compared with the experimental data obtained from thin-walled tubular specimen of medium-carbon steel with a hole. The stress was completely reversed and the mean stress was zero. The crack nucleated at the position of the maximum range of the circumferential stress on the periphery of a hole, and propagated almost straight for all cases examined. The experimental data of the thresholds for crack initiation and fracture agreed well with the predictions for in-phase and for out-of-phase loadings with 45° phase difference. For out-of-phase loading with 90°, the threshold for fracture was close to the crack initiation limit, because of the reduction of crack closure due to crack face rubbing by mode II shear cycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]