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According to the feed-in tariff for encouraging local consumption of photovoltaic (PV) energy, the energy sharing among neighboring PV prosumers in the microgrid could be more economical than the independent operation of prosumers. For microgrids of peer-to-peer PV prosumers, an energy-sharing model with price-based demand response is proposed. First, a dynamical internal pricing model is formulated for the operation of energy-sharing zone, which is defined based on the supply and demand ratio (SDR) of shared PV energy. Moreover, considering the energy consumption flexibility of prosumers, an equivalent cost model is designed in terms of economic cost and users’ willingness. As the internal prices are coupled with SDR in the microgrid, the algorithm and implementation method for solving the model is designed on a distributed iterative way. Finally, through a practical case study, the effectiveness of the method is verified in terms of saving PV prosumers’ costs and improving the sharing of the PV energy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In a smart grid environment, the joint operation of multiple Smart Buildings (SBs) could be more advantageous than the independent operation of each individual SB. In order to enable the joint operation, the concept of Smart Building Cluster (SBC) is introduced in this paper. An energy management framework for achieving optimal operations of SBC is proposed, and the information exchange processes between the Smart Building Cluster Operator (SBCO) and the participating SBs are described. A multi-party energy management model for SBC based on non-cooperative game theory is proposed, considering building-integrated PV systems and automatic demand response (ADR), with all participating SBs viewed as players in the game. The existence of Nash equilibrium in the game model is proved, and the process for solving the Nash equilibrium strategy is modeled as a multi-objective optimization problem (MOP). Furthermore, the solution method and procedure based on an iterative method are proposed. Finally, via a practical example, the effectiveness of the model is verified. The proposed method is able to reduce the total cost of the SBs by 4.6% and improve the load factor of the SBC from 0.68 to 0.76 when the proportion of shiftable loads is 25% in the total load profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]