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2. White Paper on China's Political Party System.
- Subjects
POLITICAL parties ,POLITICAL systems ,CHINESE politics & government, 2002- ,COOPERATION ,DEMOCRACY ,MANNERS & customs - Abstract
The article presents the paper "China's Political Party System," published by China's State Council Information Office in 2007. The document examines the political party system adopted by China, focusing on the role that multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party plays in China's social and political life. The author looks at China's basic political system as well as manifestations of socialist democracy. A brief introduction to the democratic parties of China is also presented.
- Published
- 2008
3. Integrating Lifelong Learning Perspectives.
- Author
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United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Hamburg (Germany). Inst. for Education. and Medel-Anonuevo, Carolyn
- Abstract
This publication is comprised of 43 papers on the topic of promoting lifelong learning. The papers in Part 1, Overcoming False Dichotomies, are "Lifelong Learning in the North, Education for All in the South" (Torres); "Practice of Lifelong Learning in Indigenous Africa" (Omolewa); "Gender and Information Societies" (Youngs); and "Lifelong Learning for a Modern Learning Society" (Somtrakool). Part 2, Scanning Developments in the Regions, consists of these papers: "Challenges of Lifelong Learning in Africa" (Tapsoba); "Promoting Community-Based Learning Centers in Asia-Pacific" (Oyasu); "European Union (EU) Memorandum on Lifelong Learning" (Smith); "Hungarian Response to the EU Memorandum on Lifelong Learning" (Istvan); "Regional Framework for Action for Adult and Youth Education in Latin America and the Caribbean (2001-10)" (Jauregui de Gainza); and "Lifelong Learning" (Essefi). Part 3, Promoting Democratization, contains these papers: "Learning in a Global Society" (Alexander); "Citizenship and Democracy in Socrates' and Grundtvig's Europe" (Ronai); "Education for Non-Discrimination" (Millan); "Lifelong Learning and Work in Developing Countries" (Pieck); "Globalization, Lifelong Learning, and Response of the Universities" (Peng); and "Combining the World of Work with the World of Education" (Romijn). The papers in Part 5, Making Lifelong Learning Work for Women, are "Gender Equality in Basic Education" (Messina); "Women as Lifelong Learners" (Benaicha); and "Lifelong Learning for Elimination of Violence Against Women" (Kuninobu). The papers in Part 6, Learning Across Generations, are "Achieving Youth Empowerment Through Peer Education" (Wissa); and "Role of Intergenerational Programs in Promoting Lifelong Learning for All Ages" (Ohsako). The papers in Part 7, Learning Across Cultures, are "Cultural Contexts of Learning: East Meets West" (Yang); "Building Community Through Study Circles" (Oliver); "Culturally-Based Adult Education" (Smith); and "Perspective of Lifelong Learning in South Asia" (Bordia). In Part 8, Laying Foundations and Sustaining Achievements Through Literacy and Nonformal Education, are "Literacy Linked Women Development Programs" (Usha); "Lifelong Learning Policy and Practices in the Laos People's Democratic Republic" (Mithong Souvanvixay); "Distance Learning and Adult Education" (Wilson, White); "Role of Partnerships in the Promotion of Lifelong Learning" (Lin); and "Toward the Eradication of Illiteracy Among Youth and Adults in China" (Guodong). Part 9, Creating Environments Conducive to Lifelong Learning, has these papers: "Learning Cities/Region in the Framework of Lifelong Learning" (Doukas); "Adult Education and Lifelong Learning in Sweden" (Salin); "Promoting Lifelong Learning in Beijing for a Learning Society" (Shuping); and "Reorienting Teachers as Lifelong Learners" (Tiedao). (YLB)
- Published
- 2002
4. Does Democracy Still Have a Chance? Contextualizing Citizenship Education in China
- Author
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Yu, Tianlong
- Abstract
This paper examines the challenges and possibilities facing democratic citizenship education in China. It starts by taking on the increasing political repression under Xi's regime and how it is marginalizing or silencing democratic discourses. Then it examines the rising economically-driven populist nationalism in China, and how it complicates the democratic pursuit. Next, the paper looks into the dominant Chinese cultural tradition, Confucianism, its antidemocratic tendencies and alliance with authoritarian forces. The paper concludes with a discussion of potential ways to combat the roadblocks and resistances to democratization. It emphasizes a more nuanced understanding of both China's historical trajectories and present aspirations, seeking possibilities for democratic breakthrough. It also proposes educational and curricular reform, deconstructing official moral education and introducing cultivation in civic virtues, for example, to promote democratic citizenship.
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- 2020
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5. Enter the dragon: The impact of China’s digital authoritarianism on democracy in Africa.
- Author
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GARIBA, AMODANI
- Subjects
AUTHORITARIANISM ,DIGITAL technology ,DEMOCRACY ,VOTING registers ,BELT & Road Initiative ,DIGITAL footprint ,AUTHORITARIAN personality ,DRAGONS - Abstract
An emerging discourse contends that China has become a willing collaborator for digital technology abuse through substantial investments in Africa’s digital infrastructure, thus leaving digital power at the discretion of unstable African governments. However, it is unclear whether Chinese companies are willing collaborators with autocratic regimes in advancing China’s model of digital authoritarianism in the African continent. Despite the need to better understand the changing dynamics of China’s role in aiding authoritarian regimes through digital technologies, research that responds to these concerns remains empirically understudied and under-conceptualised. The central question this paper addresses is: How does China’s model of digital authoritarianism affect autocratic politics and the trajectory of authoritarian regimes in Africa? The article’s primary objective is to investigate allegations that China is promoting its internet model, which includes censorship and restrictions, through digital investments in African countries. A related aim is to examine how African governments have abused their digital infrastructure to undermine their electoral processes and roll back democratic gains made since the early 1990s. In grappling with these concerns, part of this paper’s contribution is to explore critical practices and meanings of power that appear to have produced trajectories towards digital authoritarianism in Africa. The paper’s main departure point is the proposition that democratic rollbacks can be only partially understood by tracing China’s digital footprints on the continent. The article finds proliferating discourses that China is exporting an authoritarian digital authoritarianism model to Africa misleading. Instead, the evidence suggests that African autocracies are exploiting the adoption of China’s model of the internet to roll back democratic gains through surveillance and censorship of civil liberties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
6. Is Liberal Studies a Political Instrument in the Secondary School Curriculum? Lessons from the Umbrella Movement in Post-Colonial Hong Kong
- Author
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Fung, Dennis Chun-Lok and Lui, Wai-Mei
- Abstract
This paper examines whether Hong Kong teachers and students perceived Liberal Studies and its ongoing curriculum review as politically driven during and after the Umbrella Movement, a large-scale civil disobedience campaign that took place in September 2014. The findings presented herein show that both groups disagreed with the claim that Liberal Studies was used as a political instrument to instigate students' participation in the protest movement. Moreover, they also reveal that teachers have maintained their neutrality towards controversial issues related to politics during Liberal Studies lessons. Whilst the participating teachers and students considered the government's proposed reform of Liberal Studies to be politically motivated, they held differing attitudes towards the addition of more China-related elements to the subject. On the basis of these results, this paper analyses the potential role of Liberal Studies in the democratisation of local society. It also provides an indication of the curriculum's dynamic nature, explanation of students' resistance to the review policy and suggestions for the subject's future development.
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- 2017
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7. Teaching Controversial Issues in the JLL Classroom for Chinese Students
- Author
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Shimojimai, Yasuko
- Abstract
This paper discusses how teachers explore teaching controversial issues in the Japanese language classroom to Japanese language learner (JLL) or culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students who have different cultural and political backgrounds. Assuring educational opportunities with consideration of JLLs' background is important especially in this globalized world. Students who spent several years in their home countries had missed the earlier part of the culture in the host countries, and they do not internalize host culture fully. Lack of cultural knowledge or literacy would lead to inequality of attainment. The research was conducted in a Japanese language classroom for Chinese from People's Republic of China (ROC) newcomer students in a commercial night public high school in Japan. This study examines how a Japanese teacher were aware of the cultural aspects of students, searched for appropriate methods to teach controversial issues. The research methods are participatory observations and semi-structured interviews with teachers. Through interaction with Chinese newcomer students, the Japanese teacher's cultural and political awareness and political correctness was induced as he observed what the students needed to know and experience. The teacher tried to infuse students with global awareness in his hybrid history embedded Japanese language class. The concept which were not relevant to the political status of the country of origin, neutrality between the country of origin and Japan, were explored during the lessons.
- Published
- 2017
8. A Re-examination of John Dewey and Education.
- Author
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Feng, Jianhua
- Abstract
This paper examines John Dewey's major educational thoughts and his influence on education from a dynamic-historical perspective. Dewey's marked and enduring influence on Chinese educational thought and practice is a central theme. The paper argues that because Dewey himself and his ideas grew and matured in a dramatically changing and developing social-historical context no simple-minded judgments should be made in regard to his educational thoughts. The analysis and discussions are presented in four sections: (1) John Dewey, a son of his times; (2) John Dewey, a fighter against dualisms; (3) John Dewey a resolver not perfect; and (4) John Dewey, a thinker welcomed and attacked in China. (Author/JD)
- Published
- 1989
9. Banzhuren and Classrooming: Democracy in the Chinese Classroom
- Author
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Li, Jiacheng and Chen, Jing
- Abstract
The issue of education and democracy has become more and more important in China. This paper firstly explains the theory of democracy in Chinese classrooms, and then focuses on the Chinese banzhuren who is responsible for classrooming, an important educational area equal to instruction. We illustrate how Chinese students achieve development through classrooming, and show the activities, relationships and self-awareness from the perspective of developing the individual and community democratically. Finally, this paper discusses a new direction of democracy in Chinese classrooms in the global context, with the view of making education and society better.
- Published
- 2013
10. Digital expansionism and big tech companies: consequences in democracies of the European Union.
- Author
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Saura García, Carlos
- Subjects
HIGH technology industries ,CHINA-United States relations ,SOCIAL dominance ,DEMOCRACY ,SOCIAL influence ,TWENTY-first century - Abstract
Big digital companies have become key elements in economy, communication, education, and politics in 21st century societies. The neutral ideology in their digital platforms, applications, and services, as well as the exponential growth in their activities can be used by world superpowers —especially the United States and China— to implement geostrategical operations, massive social manipulation or influence democratic processes with the objective of increasing their power and dominance over other nations. The aim of this paper is to state the different strategies of digital expansionism performed by the United States and China, and, additionally, to showcase the negative consequences of these strategies on the population and democracies of the European Union. The first section of this paper will define the concepts of digital sovereignty and digital expansionism as well as their importance in 21st century geopolitics. Next, the important role that big digital companies have on digital expansionism will be analysed, and the usage of digital authoritarianism and digital instrumentarianism performed by the United States and China will be further examined. Finally, the negative consequences of the implementation of these methods in the democratic systems of the European Union will be analysed, as well as what possible solutions there might be for said consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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11. Study on the Current State of Textual Expression in Private University Charters in China: Based on Textual Analysis of the Charters of 105 Private Undergraduate Universities
- Author
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Weikun, Wang and Dexiang, Zhang
- Abstract
The key task in the establishment of a university charter is ensuring that the text of the charter is in conformity with the law, in compliance with regulations, and rational. This paper proposes a system of observed indicators for textual expression in private university charters in China, including 6 dimensions for Level 1 indicators and 20 key elements for charter content. Through textual analysis of the charters of 105 private undergraduate universities in China, the authors found that, in terms of their textual expression, private university charters universally exhibit issues such as incompleteness of the key elements of content, failure to highlight individual characteristics, an imbalanced internal power structure, unstandardized operations, imperfect mechanisms for democracy and oversight, and so on. The state's implementation of categorized management of nonprofit and for-profit private schools should be regarded as a golden opportunity to further strengthen the effective supply of external institutions for private universities, perfect the internal governance structures of private universities, improve the mechanisms by which academic organizations at private universities exercise their roles, and achieve effective linkage between private university charters and concrete internal regulations. [Translated by Carissa Fletcher.]
- Published
- 2019
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12. Lessons from the Empire of Writing
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Yee, Cordell D. K.
- Abstract
One of the reasons often advanced for the study of Western civilization is its history of scientific and technical prowess. Advances in science and technology have resulted in the many conveniences of modern life: air travel, automobiles, and smart phones, to name just a few. These are fruits of the Baconian project, which emphasized observation and measurement in the study of nature as part of an endeavor to "establish and extend the power and dominion of the human race itself over the whole universe." Bacon identified three inventions that separated the ancients from the moderns: (1) the magnetic compass; (2) gunpowder; and (3) printing. Of interest is the last, which has been the object of considerable scholarly attention during the past few decades. The advent of printing has been credited with initiating a revolution that resulted in increased literacy, an enlarged market for books and other publications, and an increased flow of news, information, and knowledge. In short, printing helped to lay the foundations for the development of modern democratic polities, so much so that freedom of the press is held to be fundamental to democracy. It so happens that printing appeared first in China, as well as the other two inventions Bacon cites. China has its own heritage of technical prowess. Paper, which was crucial for the development of printing in the West, was also invented in China. Without paper, the print revolution would have at least been delayed. The author's interest initially lies in the response in China to the advent of printing. A print revolution in the Western mode did not occur. Consideration of this nonevent will lead to what lies near the heart of Chinese civilization and to what the author thinks people gain from the study of China. In this article, the author looks at writing as literature and as linguistic medium, and at the interaction of at least two of the three perfections (calligraphy, poetry, and painting). (Contains 2 exhibits, 2 figures and 7 footnotes.)
- Published
- 2012
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13. Language Policy: Lessons from Global Models (1st, Monterey, California, September 2001).
- Author
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Baker, Steven J.
- Abstract
These papers come from a 2001 conference that explored language policy issues at the global, U.S. national, and California regional levels. There are 15 papers in five sections. Section 1, "National Language Policy," includes (1) "Language and Globalization: Why National Policies Matter" (Chester D. Haskell) and (2) "Real World Language Politics and Policy" (Joseph Lo Bianco). Section 2, "Language Policy, Migration, and Indigenous Peoples," includes (3) "Immigrant Integration: The Ongoing Process of Reform in France and Quebec" (James Archibald) and (4) "Education Language Policies in Francophone Africa: What Have We Learned from Field Experiences?" (Hassana Alidou and Ingrid Jung). Section 3, "National Security and Language Policy," includes (5) "The Language Crisis in the United States: Language, National Security and the Federal Role" (Richard D. Brecht and William P. Rivers); (6) "Meeting Current and Future Language Needs of the German Public Sector, with Special Emphasis on Defense" (Herbert Walinsky); and (7) "Heritage Languages and the National Security: An Ecological View" (Bernard Spolsky). Section 4, "Linguistic Rights and Language Policy," includes (8) "Linguistic Rights, Language Planning and Democracy in Post-Apartheid South Africa" (Neville Alexander); (9) "The Other Languages of Multicultural Europe: Perceptions, Facts and Educational Policies" (Guus Extra); (10) "Quebec's Language Policy: Perceptions and Realities" (Guy Dumas); and (11) "Language Policy for Multicultural Japan: Establishing the New Paradigm" (John C. Maher). Section 5,"Language Policy and Foreign Language Education," includes (12) "Foreign Language Policies in Europe, with Special Reference to the Roles of the Council of Europe and the European Union" (John L.M. Trim); (13) "Fish Bowl, Open Seas and the Teaching of English in Japan" (Yoshida Kensaku); (14) "Language Policy and Planning in Tunisia: Accommodating Language Policy" (Mohamed Daoud); and (15) "English Language Education in China" (He Qixin). (Papers contain references.) (SM)
- Published
- 2002
14. Networked frame contestation from authoritarian to Western democracy – A case of China's (failed) Twiplomacy in contesting coronavirus narrative in the UK.
- Author
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Zeng, Yuan
- Subjects
DEMOCRACY ,DIPLOMACY ,COVID-19 pandemic ,POLITICAL communication - Abstract
Transnational political communication today is being reconfigured by digital technologies and global power transition. Authoritarian state actors such as China are increasingly active on global social media platforms such as Twitter to directly advance their preferred frames with foreign publics in Western democracies, most notably in what could be called Chinese Twiplomacy contesting narrative globally over contentious issues. This paper problematises such Twiplomacy from authoritarians to Western democracies as 'networked transnational frame contestation', arguing that the political and cultural distance between the sending and target countries, the networked affordance of social media, and the national prism of the target countries, all contribute importantly to the complexity of such frame contestation. Through a case study on China's Twiplomacy in contesting coronavirus narrative in the UK, this paper further provides empirical evidence on how 'networked transnational frame contestation' works between politically and culturally distant countries. Using a mixed-method approach combining social network analysis and discourse analysis, this study finds that China's emotion-evoking discursive strategy draws traction but the authoritarian nature of the highly centralised networkedness and that of its discursive strategy, together with the strong cultural discordance with British publics, lead to networked recontextualisation of its intended frames in Britain. British publics, heavily relying on British political elites and press for foreign affairs, invoke shared cultural reference to recontextualise Chinese frames into culturally resonant counterframes. This study proposes a paradigm of 'networkedness within cascades' to understand frame contestation between politically and culturally distant countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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15. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (86th, Kansas City, Missouri, July 30-August 2, 2003). International Communication Division.
- Abstract
The International Communication Division of the proceedings contains the following 18 papers: "Press Freedom in Asia: New Paradigm Needed in Building Theories" (Jiafei Yin); "Entertainment East and West: A Comparison of Prime-Time U.S. and Asian TV Content Using the Methodology of the National Television Violence Study" (Anne Cooper-Chen); "Policing Press Freedom in Post-Soviet Central Asia: The Monitoring Role of Press Rights Activists and Their Web Sites" (Eric Freedman and Richard Shafer); "Online Journalists in Germany 2002: The First Representative Survey on German Online Journalists" (Thorsten Quandt, Klaus-Dieter Altmeppen, Thomas Hanitzsch, and Martin Loeffelholz); "Nepalese Journalists: Idealists, Optimists, and Realists" (Jyotika Ramaprasad); "The Demise of Nicaragua's'Barricada' Newspaper: Slipshod Journalism or Political Sabotage?" (Kris Kodrich); "Comparative Critical Analysis of Advertorials and Articles in Nigeria's Fourth Republic Mass Media" (Emmanuel C. Alozie); "Media and the Crisis of Democracy in Venezuela" (Eliza Tanner Hawkins); "New News for a New South Africa?: The Possibilities of Public Journalism and Development Journalism as Interventionist News Models" (Margaretha Geertsema); "Women in Advertisements Across Cultures" (Pamela K. Morris); "German and American Students' Perceptions of Social Values as Depicted in Magazine Advertisements: A Copy Testing Approach" (Frauke Hachtmann); "Thank You Newton, Welcome Prigogine: 'Unthinking' Old Paradigms and Embracing New Directions" (Shelton A. Gunaratne); "Acculturation and Media Usage Among the Chinese Students in the US" (Cui Yang, Huaiting Wu, and Ma Zhu); "Images of Islam: Exemplification as Elegance in the Post-9/11 Works of Thomas Friedman" (Lise Rodgers); "Audience Involvement and Its Antecedents: An Analysis of the Electronic Bulletin Board Messages about an Entertainment-Education Drama on Divorce in Korea" (Hyuhn-Suhck Bae and Byoungkwan Lee); "Punch and Counterpunch: Jurisdiction Over International Libel Suits in the Internet Age" (Robert L. Spellman); "Cultural Profiles of Global and Local Advertising on Primetime Chinese Television: A Comparative Content Analysis" (Yuan Zhang); and "Globalization through Global Brands: Purely an American-Made Phenomenon?" (Daniel Marshall Haygood). (RS)
- Published
- 2003
16. Confucianism and Critical Rationalism: Friends or Foes?
- Author
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Lam, Chi-Ming
- Abstract
According to Karl Popper's critical rationalism, criticism is the only way we have of systematically detecting and learning from our mistakes so as to get nearer to the truth. Meanwhile, it is arguable that the emphasis of Confucianism on creating a hierarchical and harmonious society can easily lead to submission rather than opposition, producing a conformist rather than critical mind. A question arises here as to whether Confucianism tends to denigrate criticism and thus run counter to critical rationalism. In this paper, I first argue that Confucianism prizes criticism and critical discussion, for which ample justification can be found in Confucian classics. Then I compare Confucianism with critical rationalism and assess the compatibility between them.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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17. China's Student Protest 1989.
- Author
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Parker, Franklin and Parker, Betty
- Abstract
The Chinese university students who protested in Spring 1989 were concerned about inflation, shortages of goods and services, and pay inequities. They disliked corruption, bribery, and unfair favoritism, and wanted more press freedom and more independence for their student organizations. Most of all, they wanted more dialogue with aging leaders about their role in China's future. Low-paid or jobless city dwellers felt a common cause with protesting students. Farmers, who were far removed, adopted a wait-and-see attitude toward student protests. The leadership was split. Deng Xiaoping, outraged by the protests and alarmed that further unrest would wreck economic advances, wanted student protests crushed. Moderates, preferring reconciliation with students, were headed by Zhao Ziyang, who counseled against violent suppression. On May 17, Deng won the Politburo Standing Committee vote for military suppression, and the students were bloodily evicted from the square on June 4. Fall 1989 university enrollments nationwide were cut 5 percent. All students had to attend political re-education classes. Faculty at Beijing University and elsewhere had to attend Communist political study sessions. The clash and the military put-down discredited the Party in student minds and hearts. The hopes that impelled intellectuals to support Communism were shattered. The urban population at least is disillusioned. Farmers, slower to change, will likely side ultimately with urban intellectuals moving toward democracy. (JB)
- Published
- 1990
18. A View of Democracy in and for China from a Deweyan Perspective
- Author
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Xie, Hui
- Abstract
In light of decades of formal denouncement of Deweyan ideas in China and the increasingly authoritarian practices under its current leadership, the recent revival of engagement with Dewey's work among Chinese educators and intellectuals appears extraordinary as well as paradoxical. How is it possible that a project as ardently democratic as Dewey's could gain popularity (and potential sustainability) in what appears to be a consistently nondemocratic regime? As we celebrate the centennial of Dewey's visit to China and the substantial resurgence of his philosophy there, the trajectory of these promising signs cannot be determined without also digging into the enigma embedded within the current paradox. This paper explores and resolves this paradox by drawing upon Dewey's concept of democracy to evaluate China's state of affairs in democratic terms. I argue that Dewey presents an alternative that illuminates not only the democratic elements currently in China, but also the ground for an intercultural dialogue on democracy from which China and other countries may benefit in this global age.
- Published
- 2020
19. Ambiguity as Deliberate Strategy: The 'De-Politicized' Discourse of National Identity in the Taiwanese Citizenship Curriculum
- Author
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Hung, Cheng-Yu
- Abstract
This article aims to investigate how the discourse on national identity is approached in the new Taiwanese citizenship curriculum. The differing opinions on Taiwan's relationship with China and the constant threat from this rising superpower have deterred the explicit promotion of either a Taiwanese or Chinese identity. The new curriculum follows a strategy of "intentional ambiguity", where neither identity is mentioned. In this "polysemous" form, the curriculum has been criticized for staying silent on the question of cultivating a national identity. However, the curriculum developers interviewed for this paper suggested that parents and pupils who examine the new curriculum can find support for whichever national identity they favor since it is designed in such an inclusive manner. They can then simultaneously reflect on the multiple, divergent or competing meanings behind the "polysemous texts" and this "hermeneutic" process of reasoning can then facilitate the choice of national identity with maximum acceptance.
- Published
- 2016
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20. College Education and Attitudes toward Democracy in China: An Empirical Study
- Author
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Wang, Gang, Wu, Liyun, and Han, Rongbin
- Abstract
The modernization theory contends that there is a link between education and democracy. Yet few empirical studies have been done to investigate the role of higher education on promoting democratic values in the Chinese context. Using China General Social Survey 2006, this paper generates several findings which are not completely consistent with the existing theoretical explanations on political development. Specifically, the college-educated Chinese citizens not only agree that there is need to improve democracy, but support various types of political participation and resist the government-oriented petitioning. However, though entrepreneurial elites (private business owners) and political elites (Chinese communist party members) demonstrate preference to democracy in principle, empirical evidence suggests that they are much less likely to support political participation that challenges the authoritarian regime in China compared to knowledge-based elites (college-educated adults).
- Published
- 2015
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21. The Transformative Power of Megacycle Trends: Five Inflective Developments That Will Shape the Global Political Economy.
- Author
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Schlevogt, Kai-Alexander
- Subjects
DEBT ,DEMOCRACY ,COLLECTIONS - Abstract
Based on a comprehensive collection of facts, this paper conceptually outlines and graphically visualizes five powerful political-economic change drivers that are bound to shape the world in the medium term. These "megacycle trends" include: (1) Liberal democracies under attack; (2) Fight against multiethnicity and multiculturality; (3) Increase in global debt; (4) Emergence of a multicentric world; and (5) Slowing of China's rise. To succeed, it is of crucial importance for a powerful group of innovative leaders around the world to understand, shape, and leverage these inflective global supertrends together with inspired and aligned followers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
22. China Issues White Paper on Human Rights Progress Over 70 Years.
- Subjects
HUMAN rights ,GOVERNMENT report writing ,SOCIAL conditions in China ,CULTURAL rights ,ECONOMIC conditions in China ,DEMOCRACY - Abstract
The article offers information on the white paper report published by the State Council Information Office that china has improved its democracy, protection of people's economic, political, social and cultural rights. It mentions the efforts of nation to develop regular contributions to the international cause of human rights and also mentions the celebration of 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China on October, 1, 2019.
- Published
- 2019
23. Controversial Issue Instruction in Context: A Social Studies Education Response to the Problem of the Public
- Author
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Misco, Thomas
- Abstract
This paper focuses on the primary problem of the public, as advanced in "The Public and its Problems," which Dewey described as the need to improve "methods of debate, discussion, and persuasion" for the purposes of "perfecting the process of inquiry" (Dewey, 1927/1954, p. 208). I first situate these modes of communication as a central problem within Dewey's conceptualization of democracy. I then argue that controversial issue discussion and milieus matter for the extent to which the public's problem can be resolved. Finally, I address the ways in which China struggles with reflective inquiry relative to controversial issue instruction and revisit the universal imperative of unencumbered inquiry into all beliefs and forms of knowledge.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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24. Interculturalism, Education and Dialogue. Global Studies in Education. Volume 13
- Author
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Besley, Tina, Peters, Michael A., Besley, Tina, and Peters, Michael A.
- Abstract
Intercultural dialogue is a concept and discourse that dates back to the 1980s. It is the major means for managing diversity and strengthening democracy within Europe and beyond. It has been adopted by the United Nations, UNESCO and the Council of Europe as the basis for interreligious and interfaith initiatives and has become increasingly associated with a liberal theory of modernity and internationalism that presupposes freedom, democracy, human rights and tolerance. It is now the dominant paradigm for "cultural policy" and the educational basis for the development of intercultural understanding. Governments have placed their hope in intercultural education as the way to avoid the worst excesses of globalization, especially exclusion and marginalization, and the problems of xenophobia and racism that afflict European societies. "Interculturalism, Education and Dialogue" is an international collection by renowned scholars who examine the ideological underpinnings of the European model and its global applications. It explores the historical, philosophical and educational dimensions of intercultural dialogue. This book contains the following: (1) Introduction: Interculturalism, Education and Dialogue (Tina Besley and Michael A. Peters); (2) Western Models of Intercultural Philosophy (Michael A. Peters); (3) Averroes Revisited: Intellectualism, Interculturalism and Dialogue in Medieval Spain (Driss Habti); (4) Winking at the State: Social Drama and Multicultural Claustrophobia (Peter Murphy); (5) Education as Dialogue (Tasos Kazepides); (6) Narratives of Intercultural and International Education: Aspirational Values and Economic Imperatives (Tina Besley); (7) Intercultural Dialogue and the Dialogism of Life: Education for Transformation (J. Gregory Keller); (8) Toward Shared Values: Self-Other Dialogue and the Cultural Pedagogy of Concepts (Inna Semetsky); (9) A Pedagogy for Global Understanding Understanding--Intercultural Dialogue: From Theory to Practice (Nina L. Dulabaum); (10) Seeking a Common Language: European Citizenship and the Governance of Dialogue (Naomi Hodgson); (11) Intercultural Dialogue: Cultural Dialogues of Equals or Cultural Dialogues of Unequals? (John Igbino); (12) The Council of Europe's "White Paper on Intercultural Dialogue": An Analysis Using the Ethic of Care (Michalinos Zembylas and Vivienne Bozalek); (13) Intercultural versus Interreligious Dialogue in a Pluralist Europe (James Arthur); (14) Teacher Competences for Diversity: Becoming Ethical and Responsible (Julie Allan); (15) A Cooperative School Model to Promote Intercultural Dialogue between Citizens-to-be (Danielle Zay); (16) Intercultural Dialogue and Ethnography: On Learning about Diversity in Italian Multicultural Classrooms (Francesca Gobbo); (17) Recognition, Interculturalism(s) and Schooling in Italy: A Critique from an Equity Perspective (Monica Mincu and Maurizio Allasia); (18) Possible Orientations of the European Dimension in Romanian Educational Policy (Roxana Enache); (19) Fostering Intercultural Dialogue in Tourism Studies: The Case of Latvia (Ineta Luka); (20) Literacy and Empowerment: Swedish Children from Diverse Backgrounds Defeating the Statistical Trends (Ulla Damber); (21) Explorations of Intercultural Dialogue from a Chinese Perspective (Xiaoping Jiang); (22) Interculturalism in Practice: Quebec's New Ethics and Religious Culture Curriculum and the Bouchard-Taylor Report on Reasonable Accommodation (David Waddington, Bruce Maxwell, Kevin McDonough, Andree-Anne Cormier, and Marina Schwimmer); (23) Intercultural Dialogue, Education and Transformation: An African Perspective (Peter Rule); (24) Intercultural Understanding and Social Activism Initiative in the Western Suburbs of Chicago (Sammer Zehra); (25) Reframing Globalism: Dialogue and Difference in the Classroom: Muslim Students in New York Schools (Shaireen Rasheed and Linda Welles); (26) Intercultural Education Challenges Democracy (Robert K. Shaw); and (27) Human Dignity and Humiliation Studies: A Global Network Advancing Dignity through Dialogue (Evelin G. Lindner, Linda M. Hartling, and Ulrich Spalthoff).
- Published
- 2012
25. Against Democratic Education
- Author
-
Bai, Tongdong
- Abstract
This is the fourth of five commentaries discussing Zongjie Wu's essay, "Interpretation, autonomy, and transformation". It argues that he may have committed two methodological mistakes in his contrast between traditional Chinese education and contemporary Chinese (and Western) education: reverse-Orientalism and a form of fundamentalism. It will then argue that the distinction Wu's essay correctly reveals is not between China and the West, but between forms of a philosophical education and those of the mass education. In contemporary Western democratic education, the philosophical, political, and mass forms of education are collapsed into one, mass education, and by arguing for preservation of philosophical education on a mass level, Wu also implicitly adopts this conflation position. However, this commentary will argue that this conflation needs to be corrected, and the traditional Confucian education actually tries to strike a middle way between, and to correct, the forms of pre-democratic Western education and democratic education. (Contains 6 notes.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. The Revival of Confucianism in Chinese Schools: A Historical-Political Review
- Author
-
Yu, Tianlong
- Abstract
This article examines the "back to tradition" movement in Chinese schools and its political nature. It focuses on the launch of the "education in Chinese traditional virtues" project in the 1980s and various new developments at the present time, which continue a revival of Confucianism in Chinese society and education. The paper looks into the domestic and international background of the movement, the political nature of the Confucian tradition, and the government's support for the movement. The essay explores a resurgence of Confucianism in Chinese schools through moral education and the larger political purpose it serves. The article reveals how a popular grass roots education movement reflects particular social and political needs during changing times and how pedagogical functions of an education initiative become entangled with, and even overshadowed by, political demands within a politically centralised system.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. China as a Contesting Ground for Ideologies: Examining the Social and Ideological Forces That Influence China's Educational System
- Author
-
Guo, Shibao
- Abstract
From 1919 to 1921, John Dewey travelled and lectured in China. He received a thunderous welcome and exercised a tremendous influence in China, however, very little has been written about it. The first purpose of this article is to investigate Dewey's visit to China and his influence on Chinese education. The second is to examine the various social and ideological forces with which Dewey's progressivism co-existed and interacted in shaping China's current educational system, and to determine which force(s) exert the strongest influence. China's educational system today is defined and guided by a synthesis of various social and ideological forces--traditional Confucianism, Deng's pragmatism, Maoism, and Dewey's progressivism. These forces, although often theoretically exclusive of one another, have in practice been woven into the tapestry of the system at all levels. This paper encourages readers to learn from others in improving their own educational systems.
- Published
- 2004
28. China's Two Sessions: Doubling Down on 'Democracy' in a One-Party State.
- Author
-
Girard, Bonnie
- Subjects
DEMOCRACY ,DIRECT democracy ,SOVEREIGNTY ,NEW democracies ,POLITICAL philosophy - Abstract
"…China's whole-process people's democracy integrates process-oriented democracy with results-oriented democracy, procedural democracy with substantive democracy, direct democracy with indirect democracy, and people's democracy with the will of the state." He describes Chinese democracy as a 'whole-process people's democracy', which covers all aspects of the democratic process and all sectors of society." She referred to a white paper issued by the Chinese government titled, "China: Democracy that Works", "which comprehensively expounds the major ideas, standards, the core essence of and China's major contributions to the whole-process people's democracy proposed by President Xi Jinping.". [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
29. 'A China Plant and an Indian Cane': Adult Learning Programmes in India and China.
- Author
-
Kidd, J. R.
- Abstract
Compares the educational systems, particularly nonformal education, of India and China, and the impact on education of sociopolitical factors, history, government, ideology, languages, and cultures. Includes differences and similarities in educational facilities, personnel, methods, some national statistics, and charts of the education systems in both countries. (MF)
- Published
- 1979
30. When Poverty Reduction Meets Democracy: An Investigation into the Use of Different Evaluation Methods for Assessing the Effectiveness of a Social Program*.
- Author
-
Zhan, Peng, Li, Shi, Shen, Yangyang, and Wang, Xiaobing
- Subjects
POVERTY reduction ,EVALUATION methodology ,SURETYSHIP & guaranty ,STANDARD of living ,DEVELOPING countries ,DEMOCRACY - Abstract
This paper evaluates the minimum living standard guarantee program (Dibao) in rural China using several methods including the income approach, the multidimensional poverty approach, and a proxy means test approach. We find that the targeting accuracy of the program appears greater the more comprehensive the evaluation method used—but all these methods find low levels of targeting accuracy. Because Dibao fund allocation is largely decided by the villagers, who take a more holistic view in selecting "poor" households than the various evaluation methods, we argue that the low targeting efficacy may be due to the lack of comprehensive evaluation method, as opposed to the low targeting of the program itself. This paper argues that the community-based targeting used by the Dibao program may be a better way to combat poverty in many developing countries, as it requires less administrative capacity and overcomes the difficulties of identifying poor households that qualify for assistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. USING AND EXPORTING DIGITAL AUTHORITARIANISM: CHALLENGING BOTH CYBERSPACE AND DEMOCRACIES.
- Author
-
CODREANU, Claudiu Mihai
- Subjects
INTERNET privacy ,CYBERSPACE ,AUTHORITARIANISM ,CIVIL society ,MASS surveillance ,DATA privacy ,RIGHT of privacy - Abstract
Over the last two decades, views regarding cyberspace and the usage of digital means by governments shifted from hopes of cyber-utopias to fears of cyberdystopias, fuelled by increasingly heavy limitations imposed on Internet freedoms and online privacy rights worldwide, a tightening grip of authoritarian regimes on cyberspace, disinformation campaigns, censorship, internet shutdowns, digitally-enabled mass surveillance both online and offline and so on. Thus, the discussion will be centred on Russia's and China's usage and export of digital authoritarianism, while also considering steps taken by liberal democracies to counter such actions, focusing on the role of the US and of the E U a nd i ts m ember-states. This paper will start with a literature review regarding digital authoritarianism and an exploration of how Russia and China are using and exporting it. States such as Russia and China are using digital means to bolster and expand their authoritarian regimes, while also exporting digital authoritarianism to other like-minded governments around the world, creating an unignorable challenge for liberal democracies and civil society groups everywhere. Finally, the paper will also address potential courses of action and policies that liberal democracies and international organisations can take for countering digital authoritarianism. For instance, they should promote an alternative model for digital governance and governance through digital means, starting by promoting digital liberties and privacy rights instead of trying to limit them for national security purposes (e.g., the case of encryption). Thus, liberal democracies should respond to digital authoritarianism by further bolstering democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
32. Universities, Cultural Identity, and Democracy: Some Canada-China Comparisons.
- Author
-
Hayhoe, Ruth
- Abstract
Compares the role of Canadian and Chinese universities, which are expected to contribute to national cultural identity, examining the link between universities, cultural identity, and democracy in the world community, illustrating ways in which academic cooperation could enhance democratization, and comparing different ways scholars have conceptualized the link. (SM)
- Published
- 1992
33. What Other Divergences of Opinion Exist between Comrade Qu Xiao et al. and the Young People of Shekou?
- Author
-
Wei, Haitian
- Abstract
Responds to a videotape presentation of debates that occurred on January 13, 1988, between three educators and a group of youths of Shekou, China. Argues that criticism of the students is superficial and misleading. Notes the needs of the region for cultural, educational, and athletic facilities and rejects the argument that Shekou is ideologically out of step with China. (NL)
- Published
- 1990
34. China: Outward Conformity, Inner Despair.
- Author
-
Cai, Xiao
- Abstract
Chinese university students seem to feel their best hope for bringing about change lies in conforming outwardly to the policies of the government while seeking a chance to study in a Western country. Students are increasingly studying Western languages and monitoring Chinese and United States policies concerning international educational exchange. (MSE)
- Published
- 1990
35. Set Up an Educational Program That Is Democratic, Centers around Man, and Is Alive.
- Author
-
Yang, Dongping
- Abstract
Criticizes the dominant educational policy in China that produced curriculum-centered, elitist education. Advocates reform that reflects John Dewey's pragmatism, linking education to social development, practical needs, and individual growth. Surveys past efforts at education reform. Sees education as the primary instrument of democracy. (CH)
- Published
- 1990
36. Does Democracy Still Have a Chance? Contextualizing Citizenship Education in China.
- Author
-
Yu, Tianlong
- Subjects
CITIZENSHIP education ,POLITICAL persecution ,MORAL education ,DEMOCRACY ,EDUCATIONAL change ,ORGANIZATIONAL citizenship behavior - Abstract
This paper examines the challenges and possibilities facing democratic citizenship education in China. It starts by taking on the increasing political repression under Xi's regime and how it is marginalizing or silencing democratic discourses. Then it examines the rising economically-driven populist nationalism in China, and how it complicates the democratic pursuit. Next, the paper looks into the dominant Chinese cultural tradition, Confucianism, its antidemocratic tendencies and alliance with authoritarian forces. The paper concludes with a discussion of potential ways to combat the roadblocks and resistances to democratization. It emphasizes a more nuanced understanding of both China's historical trajectories and present aspirations, seeking possibilities for democratic breakthrough. It also proposes educational and curricular reform, deconstructing official moral education and introducing cultivation in civic virtues, for example, to promote democratic citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. How modernization theory has stumbled in China: A political interception perspective.
- Author
-
Liu, Yu, Su, Yu-Sung, and Wu, Wenquan
- Subjects
INDOCTRINATION ,DEMOCRACY ,MODERNIZATION (Social science) ,ECONOMIC development - Abstract
Economic development fails to greatly increase demand for liberal democracy in China. Is China an exception to modernization theory? If so, why? This paper studies these questions by analysing five waves of Asian Barometer Survey data from 2002 to 2019. We have three major findings. First, the shift of political values exhibits an inverted U-shaped curve with the mid-2010s as its turning point. Second, the better educated and more media exposed turned conservative much faster than the rest after the mid-2010s. Third, to trace the mechanism of this unusual reversal and divergence, we resort to a Difference-In-Differences model, taking political indoctrination, measured by media exposure and education, as treatment and the post-2013 era as treatment time, finding that political indoctrination significantly explains political cultural backsliding. Our findings enrich modernization theory by identifying the "interceptive" power of the state between economic development and cultural shifts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Revolt, Reminiscence, and Renewal: June 4, 1989.
- Author
-
Raxxano, Elaine
- Abstract
Presents an essay written soon after the author's return to the United States after teaching at a University in China at the time of the Tiananmen Square tragedy. Explores issues of teaching overseas and the reality of Americans being caught in the midst of political turmoil. Remembers sacrifices made by Chinese students and teachers to test the limits of democracy. (SR)
- Published
- 1999
39. Fear and Trembling: Hong Kong Librarians Face Their Uncertain Future.
- Author
-
Chepesiuk, Ron
- Abstract
Discussion of the possible changes in Hong Kong in 1997 when rule passes to the People's Republic of China focuses on the uncertain future of libraries and librarians. Topics discussed include the political climate; the departure of qualified Chinese librarians; and the growth of libraries and computerized systems. (LRW)
- Published
- 1992
40. Policy punctuations and agenda diversity in China: a national level analysis from 1980 to 2019.
- Author
-
Qin, Xiaolei and Huang, Jing
- Subjects
- *
PUNCTUATED equilibrium (Social science) , *DEMOCRACY , *POLITICAL science , *INFORMATION retrieval - Abstract
Based on data sources systematically tracking government activity such as budgets and bill hearings, the Punctuated Equilibrium Theory literature has demonstrated that policy processes in both democracies and nondemocracies feature long periods of stasis interrupted by dramatic changes. However, there is a lack of research that systematically examines China's policy process. In response, this article introduces a new dataset drawn from China State Council Gazettes from 1980 to 2019 to measure policy punctuations and agenda diversity in China. We find that punctuations in China's policy process are more intense than those in democracies. The findings further show that China's policy process features more positive punctuations than negative punctuations. We also find an overall increasing trend of agenda diversity and a pattern of alternation between agenda expansion and concentration across the forty years analyzed in this paper. These findings provide new long-term evidence regarding patterns of policy stability and change in the Chinese context and contribute to our understanding of China's politics of attention and its linkage with information inefficiency and survival politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. The Global Comrades of Mr. Democracy and Mr. Science: Placing May Fourth in a Transnational History of Science Activism.
- Author
-
Schmalzer, Sigrid
- Subjects
HISTORY of science ,ACTIVISM ,DEMOCRACY ,SCIENTIFIC knowledge ,WORLD history - Abstract
The May Fourth movement is widely recognized as a watershed within Chinese cultural and political history, but it was also a significant local episode within a global history of science activism. Quaintly idiosyncratic as Chen Duxiu's "two gentlemen," Mr. Democracy and Mr. Science, may appear, they have also animated (in only somewhat less personified form) a transnational "conversation" very much alive today. Focusing on neglected Marxist participants, this paper reconstructs meaningful snatches of that long conversation in China, Russia, Britain, the US, and Japan. It finds that Chinese voices contributed in timely and important ways, especially on the problem of imperialism for science and democracy. It further shows that Marxists, in China and beyond, have shared certain modernist values with their liberal counterparts, including a faith in the democratic potential of universally valid scientific knowledge; however, they have offered highly divergent perspectives on what constitutes democracy and how it relates to science, challenging liberal efforts to separate science from politics and highlighting the contradictions generated by capitalism. A fuller understanding of the significance of Marxist and Chinese contributions to the cumulative discourse on science and democracy, and a livelier engagement with their voices, will help generate more liberatory socio-technical imaginaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. "Spicy Taiwanese sister" against the rise of China: gender, identity politics, and elections in Taiwan.
- Author
-
Yueh, Hsin-i Sydney
- Subjects
PRESIDENTIAL terms of office ,IDENTITY politics ,CIVIL society ,POLITICAL campaigns ,GENDER ,ELECTIONS ,POPULAR culture - Abstract
In recent cultural studies scholarship, native terms have been used to understand the affective state of a society. Accordingly, this paper focuses on the term "spicy Taiwanese sister," regarding its derogatory gender implications in the context of Taiwan's popular culture. Then, it discloses the strategic appropriation of the gendered term in the presidential campaign from 2019 to 2020. This analysis reveals why the affective campaigning led to a triumph of Taiwan's democracy. The affect and effect of this presidential campaign could not have been fulfilled without the China factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Media populism in post-handover Hong Kong: an investigation of media framing of public finance.
- Author
-
Tang, Gary
- Subjects
MASS media ,PUBLIC finance ,DEMOCRACY ,JOURNALISM ,MIDDLE class - Abstract
Given that the political institution of Hong Kong is not fully democratic and is incompetent in channeling public opinion to the executive branch, the Hong Kong media perform the “surrogate democracy function,” wherein they act as the representative of the Hong Kong people in monitoring the government. This simultaneously provides a breeding ground for media populism. Focusing on newspaper editorials and reports on issues of public finance in Hong Kong, this paper analyzes the rhetoric of media populism, which has become part of the journalism culture of the city since the transfer of sovereignty. The paper reveals that media populism is formed by the construction of a populist diagnostic frame, which implies antagonism between the rich government and the deprived people. The populist diagnostic frame is exercised by (1) lexical creations that imply the government–people relation in public finance, (2) omitting inter-class redistribution by in-grouping both the middle class and the lower class as “the people,” and (3) validating the people’s will by interpreting poll results. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. The Rise and Fall of Electoral Democracy: A Social Evolutionary Approach to Direct Election Experiments in Local China.
- Author
-
Ma, Deyong and Pang, M. Rosemary
- Subjects
DEMOCRACY ,CHINESE politics & government, 1949- ,SOCIAL change ,RATIONAL choice theory ,POLITICAL elites - Abstract
This paper analyzes the emergence and evolution of direct elections (DE) for officials at township-level government in China using social evolutionary theory. The explanations provided by existing research using modernization theory or rational choice theory are not sufficient for fully understanding innovation and change of grassroots democratic institutions across China as a whole. This paper argues that the experiment of DEs at the township level is an institutional reform driven by external forces. Under the pressure of financial crisis, a small number of county-level political elites challenged existing thinking and initiated this institutional innovation. The diffusion, continuation and subsequent breakdown of this innovation was the result of the interactions between the external actors of local political elites, the central government, and public opinion led by media and scholars following major fiscal structural changes. Our research finds that during the period of continuation, it is the central government who plays the most pivotal role amongst the external actors and continues to determine the future evolution of this institutional innovation. This paper concludes that a social evolutionary approach has strong explanatory power regarding analyzing institutional changes around local elections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Two models of Confucian democracy: A contrastive analysis of Tang Junyi's and Mou Zongsan's political philosophy.
- Author
-
Rošker, Jana S.
- Subjects
CONFUCIANISM ,POLITICAL philosophy ,DEMOCRACY ,TWENTIETH century - Abstract
In the final decades of the 20th century, the majority of modern Sinophone scholars believed that Confucianism was an outdated and obsolete ideology that was not only unsuitable for the development of modern science and democratic societies, but also responsible for the deep social and political crisis that had branded China for the previous two centuries. Modern New Confucians, however, never assumed that the Confucian system was responsible for such a situation. Most of them believed that Confucianism was compatible with science and democracy. Moreover, the majority of them assumed that the East Asian cultures would never be able to develop truly democratic structures of their societies unless they incorporated the appropriate elements of their own, i.e. Confucian, traditions. This paper critically analyses the theoretical models of Tang Junyi and Mou Zongsan on the possible revival and development of Confucian proto-democracies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Democracy in Latin America: IV. "Good Neighbors"-Fact and Fancy.
- Author
-
Mishkin, Bernard
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,DEMOCRACY ,GOVERNMENT policy ,POLITICAL systems - Abstract
Having said its piece on China, the Department of State ought now to pass to the delicate problem of inter-American relations. There is great need for a White Paper on the good-neighbor countries, one that will, reject sentimentality, face facts and speak out in an unembarrassed voice. It would be desirable, too, to hasten the release of such a policy pronouncement. Washington D.C. is unfortunately ill prepared to undertake a realistic appraisal of the present state of affairs in South America. The purgative of the China White Paper has not yet taken effect and nervous officials are reminding themselves that the full story of Marshall Plan aid will soon have to be told.
- Published
- 1949
47. VLADAVINA PRAVA I SAVREMENI AUTORITARNI REŽIMI.
- Author
-
Nurkić, Benjamin
- Subjects
RULE of law ,ECONOMIC development ,AUTHORITARIAN personality ,CONCEPTS ,HUMAN rights ,DEMOCRACY - Abstract
Copyright of Legal Thought / Pravna Misao is the property of Legal Thought / Pravna Misao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
48. Bridging 'New China' and postcolonial India: Indian narratives of the Chinese revolution.
- Author
-
Tsui, Brian
- Subjects
DIPLOMATS ,DECOLONIZATION ,DEMOCRACY ,SCHOLARS ,CULTURAL Revolution, China, 1966-1976 - Abstract
This paper examines the basis of Asianist sympathy for 'New China', as the People's Republic was often styled, in the early 1950s by examining the writings of Indian diplomats, journalists and academics. These elite Indians either visited China as part of a 1951 delegation, making them witnesses to the ongoing New Democracy experiment. Since their experiences of China were definitely not comprehensive and hinged on the Chinese state's goodwill, the interesting question to ask is not whether these first-hand accounts of 'New China' were accurate but in what ways the Chinese revolution was made comprehensible in light of the Indian elite's own priorities as nation builders and social activists. This paper reconstructs major tropes of the Chinese revolution that appealed to Indian observers – self-sufficiency, empowerment of workers and peasants, a palpable sense of social vitality – and underscored their enthusiasm for Beijing. Most significantly, communism was subsumed in favourable accounts of 'New China' as a nation and society-building project. The Chinese revolution, the nature of which was still in flux, was absorbed into and understood through India and Asia's long struggle against Euro-American domination. In addition, the Chinese revolution was deployed as an example with which Indian observers assessed contemporary developments in their own country. The celebratory reception of 'New China' in India suggests that the subsequent rapport between the Chinese and Indian states was a result of not only high-level diplomatic manoeuvres but also pan-Asian epistemological bridging between socialist revolution and decolonization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. China's Whole-Process People's Democracy.
- Author
-
Niazi, Zubeda Anjum
- Subjects
DEMOCRACY - Abstract
In that regard, China also released a White Paper before the US Democracy Summit, to enlighten the world about Whole-Process People's Democracy. Whole-Process People's Democracy China has a Whole-Process People's Democracy with unique Chinese characteristics that exemplify the universal craving of humankind for democracy. Unlike the US, China has never endeavored to enforce its notion of democracy on any other country, nor does it intend to, in the future. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2021
50. Patterns of Development of IR Studies in East Asia: Japan, Korea and China: Graduate Training, Academic Professionalism and Targeted Audience.
- Author
-
Inoguchi, Takashi
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations education , *LIBERTY , *DEMOCRACY - Abstract
The paper describes the key developmental features of IR studies in three East Asian countries, Japan, Korea and China in terms of graduate training, academic professionalism and targeted audience. The comparison is sociological rather than directly relating the development of the discipline to the degree of feedom and democracy. Although the comparative description and analysis will be made of the three IR studies, the implicit object of comparison is the the development of IR studies in the United States. Major books and articles in local languages as well as in English will be used for this comparison. The time span that the paper covers is the last quarter of the last century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
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