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Hypomineralized Second Primary Molars (HSPM) is the name used to describe the presence of demarcated enamel hypomineralization in second primary molars. HSPM has been compared with Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) as regards its clinical appearance and consequences. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between HSPM and dental caries in childhood. It was a cross-sectional populationbased study that included 216 children aged 4-6 years from public schools in Botelhos, Brazil. Children with all second primary molars erupted were eligible for participation. Clinical examination was performed by one calibrated examiner. HSPM was recorded according to modified European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry criteria. The main outcome was dental caries experience as indicated by the dmft index (%dmft>0) according to WHO criteria. Chi-square test and Logistic Regression Model were used to adjust the results for effects of covariates Among the 216 children examined, 22.2% presented HSPM. After adjustment for logistic regression, children with HSPM were found to have a 2.28 times greater chance of presenting dental caries. Our results reinforce the importance of HSPM in caries development in children, which should be considered by public health dentists in the process of planning actions aimed at this population., Competing Interests: none, (Sociedad Argentina de Investigación Odontológica.)

Purpose: To compare 2-year cumulative survival rates in first permanent molars (FPM) with and without MIH and to investigate risk factors associated with caries incidence., Materials and Methods: A total of 142 children aged 5 to 6 years were recruited from all public schools in Botelhos, Minas Gerais, Brazil and 536 FPM were examined. A questionnaire was designed to collect sociodemographic background and behavioural information about children and their parents. Caries in FPM was recorded per surface in accordance with WHO methodology at baseline and once every 6 months over a period of two years. The survival analysis was conducted using the Weibull regression model with cure fraction., Results: MIH was present in 16.19% of children. The 2-year cumulative survival rates for FPM with and without MIH showed statistically significant differences, and visible plaque on anterior teeth had an effect on the survival rates., Conclusion: Children with MIH and visible plaque on anterior teeth at baseline had a high risk for developing new caries lesions in their FPM over the course of two years. These variables should be considered in caries risk assessment in paediatric dental care.

Background: Predicting risk of posteruptive enamel breakdown (PEB) of molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) opacity is a difficult but important clinical task. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate these aspects through longitudinal studies., Objective: The aim of this longitudinal study was to analyse the relationship between colours of MIH opacity of children aged 6-12 (baseline) and other clinical and demographic variables involved in the increase in severity of MIH., Materials and Methods: A blinded prospective 18-month follow-up was conducted with 147 individuals presenting mild MIH. Tooth-based incidence of increase in severity of MIH (PEB or atypical restorations) was used as dependent measurement. Enamel opacities were recorded according to colour shades of white, yellow and brown, allowing assessment of susceptibility to structural loss over time, according to colour of MIH opacity. Poisson regression models were used to adjust the results for demographic and clinical variables., Results: Brown and yellow MIH opacities were at higher risk for PEB and atypical restorations than those of white ones, even after adjustment for clinical and demographic variables., Conclusion: Teeth presenting mild MIH severity associated with yellow and brown enamel opacities were at high risk for increase in severity of MIH than lighter ones. This result could help clinicians determine a risk-based treatment for children with MIH., (2011 The Authors. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry © 2011 BSPD, IAPD and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.)