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Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the tensile bond strength (TBS) of repairs in recent fillings of methacrylate- (MBC) or silorane-based composites (SBC) subsequent to different surface treatments. Materials and Methods: Fifty slabs of Filtek P60 (3M ESPE, St Paul, USA) and Filtek P90 (3M ESPE) were stored for 10 days in distilled water at 37°C. The surface of adhesion was abraded with a 600-grit silicone paper and repaired using each respective composite: G1, no treatment (control); G2, application of adhesive; G3, application of silane and adhesive; G4, sandblasting (Al2O3) and adhesive; and G5, sandblasting (Al2O3), silane, and adhesive. Further 10 slabs of each composite were also evaluated for cohesive strength (G6). After 30 days immersion in distilled water at 37°C, the TBS was determined. Results: TBS results were higher for MBC than for SBC (P = 0.00012). The experimental groups were similar for SBC and the TBS was 27% of its cohesive strength. For P60, sandblasting significantly improved the TBS compared to other groups. With MBC, G4 and G5, the TBS was approximately 47% of its cohesive strength. Conclusion: Sandblasting (Al2O3) improves the repair-strength of MBC, whilst for the SBC all treatments succeed. MBC presents higher repair strength than SBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are few studies that fully characterize the effect of the filler size on the surface, optical and mechanical properties of resin composites. Aim: To determine the influence of the filler size content on surface, optical and mechanical properties before and after accelerated aging. Methods: Seven resin composites were investigated: Filtek Supreme® (3M/ESPE), Estelite Σ Quick® (Tokuyama), Evolu-X® (Dentsply), Esthet-X HD® (Dentsply), Opallis® (FGM), Herculite XRV Ultra® (Kerr) and Filtek Z250® (3M/ESPE). Elastic modulus (EM) and flexural strength (FS) were determined by three-point bending of specimens immersed or not in absolute ethanol for seven days. Roughness (Ra) and gloss (G.U.) analyses were determined before and after ethanol storage for seven days and CIELAB color change (ΔE*) was obtained with a spectrophotometer. Results were analyzed by two-way ANOVA (general linear model) for EM and FS, with repeated measures for roughness and gloss, and one-way ANOVA for ΔE*. All comparisons were performed by Tukey's test (5%). Pearsons' correlation test was performed to determine the correlation between EM, FS, roughness, gloss, and ΔE* with the mean filler sizes. Results: Mechanical properties decreased for all materials when submitted to immersion in ethanol. Increasing filler size gradually increased EM, FS and roughness values; gloss values decreased and didn't significantly affects ΔE*. Nanofiller composites presented higher gloss values than the others. Conclusions: It was possible to determine that the average filler size is a good predictor just for FS and gloss retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are several degradation mechanisms of resin-composite restorations and possible deleterious effects created by leached components cannot be ignored. Additionally, the surface integrity influences the long-term clinical performance of resincomposite restorations and can be affected by several factors. Novel technologies have been proposed, but there is a lack of information considering the degradation resistance of such materials. The aim of this study was to investigate the degradation resistance of silorane (SIL), pure-ormocer (ORM) and dimethacrylate (ELS and GRD) resin-based dental composites. Water sorption and solubility tests were adapted from ISO4049, color change trough the CIELab parameters after 24h and 30d immersion in distilled water. Knoop hardness readings were performed at the aforementioned periods and the percentage of hardness decrease was considered. Results were analyzed with one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (P = 0.05). SIL and GRD produced lower water sorption than ORM and ELS. SIL presented the lowest solubility. All materials demonstrated acceptable results for color stability. SIL demonstrated the more stable surface, when considering surface hardness, in aqueous environment. It can be concluded that i) silorane and ormocer-based materials did not produced higher color stability than dimethacrylates in distilled aqueous media; and ii) silorane-based materials exhibited lower water solubility and lower hardness decreases after water immersion than dimethacrylate-based resin-composites, while the pure-ormocer-baed material not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objectives: Stress development during the polymerization process continues to be a major factor that limits predictability and longevity of resin composite restorations. This study evaluated the effect of the photoinitiator type on the maximum rate of polymerization , stress development (final stress and maximum rate, ), degree of conversion (DC) and cross-link density (CLD) of materials containing camphorquinone (CQ), phenylpropanedione (PPD) or CQ/PPD. Materials and methods: was evaluated via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Contraction force measurement was assessed with a single cantilever device for 5min. The samples were subsequently tested by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to evaluate the DC. After, samples were soaked in ethanol to evaluate the swelling coefficient (α) as a way to estimate the CLD. The results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey''s test (p =0.05). Results: CQ showed the highest and . PPD produced the lowest DC and the highest α. The mixture CQ/PPD produced statistically lower and than CQ alone, but similar DC and CLD. Conclusion: CQ/PPD reduced the and without a reduction in DC and CLD. Therefore, the use of alternative photoinitiator systems could be a promising way to reduce the stress developed during the composite''s polymerization without affecting the final properties. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the influence of tetrahydrofuran (THF) on the resin-to-dentin microtensile bond strength (μTBS) after water storage, for 24h and 6 months, and to compare its behavior with that of traditional solvents. Methods: Seven versions of monomer/solvent mixtures (primers) were prepared using the following solvent and water combinations: (1) THF, (2) acetone, (3) ethanol, (4) water, (5) THF/water, (6) acetone/water and (7) ethanol/water. An experimental adhesive resin was also synthesized to compare adhesive systems with the different primers. Forty-two bovine incisors, randomly separated into seven groups, had their superficial coronal dentin exposed. After acid-etching and rinsing, the excess water was removed from the surface with absorbent paper. Each experimental primer was applied with agitation (30s) followed by a mild air stream (10s). The experimental adhesive resin was applied and light-activated (20s). Resin composite restorations were constructed incrementally. Restored teeth were stored in distilled water at 37°C (24h) and sectioned to obtain sticks with an area of 0.5mm2. Half the specimens were subjected to the μTBS test immediately after being cut and the other half were tested after 6 months of water storage. Data (MPa) were analyzed by two-way ANOVA (solvent type and storage time as factors) and Tukey–Kramer''s test at α =0.05. Results: Factors and interaction showed a statistical effect. After 6 months storage, acetone groups and primers containing THF showed similar μTBS to initial means. Significance: THF seems to be a promising solvent for use in dental adhesive systems, maintaining bond strength on dentin substrate after storage. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective To establish the relationship between photoinitiator system and nanofiller size on the optical properties and cure efficiency of model composites. Methods Model composites based on BisGMA/TEGDMA (60:40 mol%) were loaded with 40 wt% of 7 nm or 16 nm-sized filler particles. One of the following photoinitiator systems was added: camphorquinone (CQ) associated with an amine (EDMAB), monoacylphosphine oxide (TPO), or bysacylphosphine oxide (BAPO). The optical properties of disk-shaped specimens were measured 24 h after curing and repeated after storage in water for 90 days and coffee for 15 days. A large spectrum LED unit (Bluephase G2, Ivoclar Vivadent) was used for photoactivation. CIE L * a * b * parameters, color difference (Δ E ), and translucency parameter (TP) were calculated. Knoop hardness readings were taken at top and bottom composite surfaces. Cure efficiency was determined by bottom/top hardness ratio. Data were statistically analyzed at α = 0.05 significance level. Results Composites formulated with 16 nm particles had higher CIE L * than those with 7 nm particles in all storage conditions. BAPO-based composites generally had lower CIE a * than the other composites. The group TPO + 16 nm before storage and all groups with 16 nm-sized particles after storage had lower CIE b * (i.e. lower degree of yellowing) than the other groups. TPO-based materials had higher color stability. The cure efficiency was not significantly affected by photoinitiator system or particle size. CQ + 7 nm had the lowest and BAPO + 16 nm the highest hardness values. Significance Combination of photoinitiator system and filler particle size might affect the optical properties of composites, with low influence on cure efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]