1. Long-term bonding efficacy of adhesives containing benzodioxioles as alternative co-initiators.
- Author
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Lima GDS, Moreira AG, Meereis CTW, Lima GB, Leal FB, Moraes RR, Ogliari FA, Petzhold CL, and Piva E
- Subjects
- Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate chemistry, Camphor analogs & derivatives, Camphor chemistry, Dental Bonding methods, Dentin chemistry, Humans, Materials Testing, Methacrylates chemistry, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Polyethylene Glycols chemistry, Polymethacrylic Acids chemistry, Reproducibility of Results, Surface Properties, Tensile Strength, Time Factors, Benzodioxoles chemistry, Benzyl Alcohols chemistry, Dentin drug effects, Dentin-Bonding Agents chemistry, Dioxoles chemistry, Resin Cements chemistry, para-Aminobenzoates chemistry
- Abstract
This study evaluated the three-year lifespan of the bond to dentin of experimental self-etch adhesives containing benzodioxole derivatives - 1,3-benzodioxole (BDO) and piperonyl alcohol (PA) - as co-initiator alternative to amines. Adhesive resins were formulated using Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, HEMA, camphorquinone and different co-initiators: BDO, PA or ethyl 4-dimethylamino benzoate (EDAB - amine). An experimental self-etch primer was used to complete the two-step, self-etch adhesive system. Clearfil SE Bond (CSE) was used as commercial reference. Bond strength to human dentin was assessed by microtensile bond strength (µTBS) test, and failure mode was classified. Morphology of the dentin bonding interface was assessed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Irrespective of the dental adhesives evaluated, µTBS was higher after 24 hours compared with that after 1.5 and 3 years (p ≤ 0.001). However, adhesives with BDO and PA as co-initiators showed significantly higher bond strength than the bonding resin with EDAB (p ≤ 0.002), independent of the time evaluated. The commercial adhesive CSE showed similar bond strength compared with the other groups (p ≥ 0.05). Mixed failures were mainly observed after 24 hours, while adhesive failures were more frequently observed after 1.5 and 3 years. No notable differences in homogeneity and continuity along the bonded interfaces were detected among the materials in the SEM analysis. In conclusion, benzodioxole derivatives are feasible alternative co-initiators to tertiary amine in camphorquinone-based self-etching dental adhesive formulations.
- Published
- 2018
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