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Objective: Understanding the oral health workforce representing and serving American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities is vital to improving community dental health outcomes. No systematic review of recent published literature on the oral health workforce among this population has been completed., Methods: We conducted a systematic review of published literature examining the oral health workforce representing and serving AI/AN communities in the USA. We analyzed 12 articles according to the PRISMA Statement., Results: The studies suggested that AI/AN identity is an important aspect of routine and accessible oral healthcare. There are unique barriers and motivations that personnel in the oral health workforce face, let alone the distinctiveness of serving AI/AN communities., Conclusions: This review provides evidence that expanded oral health positions aid in community members receiving more routine and preventative care and is an upstream public health approach that has diversified the dental workforce., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Background: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic may lead to changes in the dental needs of the population and new challenges concerning oral health care., Methods: The Google Trends tool was used to collect data on the Internet search interest. The investigated material was collected from 1 January 2020 to 23 August 2020. Search terms "toothache", "dentist" and "stay at home" were retrieved for the whole world as well as for the US, the UK, Poland, Italy and Sweden., Results: During the lockdown, correlation analysis indicates the lowest public interest in the word "dentist" one week preceding the peak for "toothache", followed by an increase in the word search for "dentist". On 12 April, worldwide, the maximum of Google Trends Relative Search Volume (RSV) for "toothache" was observed., Conclusion: Decrease in "dentist" queries during lockdown followed by an increase in "toothache" search predicts greater dental needs in the post-pandemic period. The surveillance shows significant changes in queries for dental-related terms during the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to prepare for future pandemic outbreaks teledentistry programs should be taken into consideration.

Abstract Background Tooth loss is a known marker of oral and systemic health, but large-scale population-based and cross-sectional multi-year comparative studies on tooth loss have yet to be much studied in China. This study explores the changing trends in tooth loss status and the associated factors influencing the prevalence of tooth loss over the past two decades in Guangdong, Southern China. Methods Data from three cross-sectional, representative oral epidemiological surveys in Guangdong Province were analyzed, including 400 in 1995, 720 in 2005, and 288 in 2015, for a total of 1408 participants. Sample selection is based on the National Census of China published by the National Bureau of Statistics. In this study, each year, the number of missing teeth (MT) and the prevalence of tooth loss (MT > 0) were calculated. Basic demographic information, socioeconomic status, caries and periodontal status, personal lifestyle factors, and dental health care behaviors were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression to estimate their associations with tooth loss. Statistical significance was evaluated with 2-sided tests with a significance level of P 0. In 2005, those with low educational attainment, the presence of caries, and 40–44 years old were associated with a higher chance of MT > 0. Moreover, in 2015, females, rural residents, and those with caries or periodontal pocket were associated with a higher chance of MT > 0. Conclusions Although tooth retention has improved recently (2005–2015) and the preventive effect of education level on tooth loss has increased over time, efforts to prevent tooth loss in adults need to be strengthened. Particular attention should be given to preventive interventions for women, rural residents, and those suffering from caries or periodontal pocket.

Purpose: Determine the frequency of histopathological diagnoses of 1978 biopsies of oral lesions in a period of 20 years in the city of Cali, Colombia. Methods: A retrospective descriptive observational study was conducted on 1978 histopathological diagnoses of biopsies of lesions in the oral cavity carried out during the period 2000-2022. The research is carried out in compliance with ethical requirements. The information was obtained from the records of biopsy reports of two oral pathologists from the city of Cali, the data collection was conducted by the seedbeds of 3 universities in Cali previously trained and calibrated. The information was unified in a single Excel database, the inclusion criteria were any age, any sex and complete reports. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed with the IBM SPSS Statics program. Results: Of the 1978 reports, 39 % corresponded to the male gender and 61% to the female gender. The average age was 45.33 ± 17.5 (Range 2-93). The most frequent histopathological diagnosis was hyperplasia (23.8 %), followed by granulomas (15.07 %). The gum (17.09 %), the periapical area (16.03 %) and the lips (13.30 %) were the sites that reported the most lesions. Histologically, connective tissue (51.82 %) and epithelial tissue (25.63 %) were the most reported, and the excisional biopsy technique was the most used (79.22 %). Conclusion: Hyperplastic oral lesions were the most frequent, they occurred more in women, in any site of the oral cavity and at any age. Proper diagnosis, performing biopsies and increasing evidence at the local and national level are especially important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Dental caries of deciduous teeth (Early Childhood Caries, ECC) has become a crucial oral health problem over the decades in China. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and severity of ECC among preschool children from Guangdong Province, Southern China. In addition, to assess the association of ECC with reported oral health-related behaviors. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 2592 participants was carried out in Guangdong Province by means of an equal-sized, stratified, multistage random sampling method during December 2015 and April 2016. The participants were divided into three groups according to their ages (3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds). Half of the participants were derived from urban areas, while the other from rural areas. According to the standard for clinical dentition examination of the WHO 2013 criteria, the presence of ECC was determined by the dmft (decayed-missing-filled tooth) index using a CPI (Community Periodontal Index) probe. A questionnaire about caries-related factors was completed by each of the participants’ parents or grandparents through a face-to-face and one-on-one interview. Then, t-test, Chi2 tests, One-Way ANOVA served for statistical analysis, and logistic regression analysis as well as covariance analysis were executed to identify potential associated factors for ECC. Results The prevalence (% dmft > 0) of ECC was 68.3 (95% CI: 66.5–70.1), the mean dmft was 4.36 (95% CI: 4.17–4.55), and the filled rate was 1.2%. In multivariable modeling, associated factors for both prevalence and mean dmft were older age, rural areas, consumption of sweets before sleep, dental visit history, low household income, and low parental education level. Initiating toothbrushing after 3 years of age and being exclusively/ predominantly breastfed indicated only the prevalence; being female and frequently consuming sweetened milk/powdered milk indicated only the mean dmft. Conclusions Preschool children in Guangdong Province, especially children from rural areas, experienced a significant amount of ECC. Associated factors for ECC included demographics, oral health measures, dietary factors, and socioeconomic factors. More attention should be given to prevention of ECC from early life. The construction of social support for oral health should be strengthened. Oral health education and promotion, especially of rural areas, should be intensified to reduce the inequality between urban and rural areas.

Background: In Colombia, oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSC) can affect both men and women. About 30% is caused by infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) and 70% is due to excessive consumption of tobacco and alcohol. The natural history of OSC is similar to that of cervical cancer. A positive association has been observed between Chlamydia trachomatis and HPV. From that evidence, it could be hypothesized that, for OSC, oral bacteria could have some positive association with HPV. Purpose: To present some experiences and advances about OSC at Pontificia Universidad Javeriana from Bogotá, Colombia. Findings: In this research group, a description of the role of HPV in OSC (frequency, high-risk viral types, and viral integration) was first made in samples of cancer patients in Colombia. A second study consisted of a systematic literature review to identify possible bacteria associated with the development of OSC. In a third study, the frequency of oral bacteria associated with carcinogenic processes and their possible coinfection with HPV in patients with OSC was evaluated, and included a comparison with healthy people. Conclusion: This manuscript presents our most relevant findings that allow confirming the aforementioned hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined edentulism (total absence of natural dentition) trends among adults’ users of public oral health care in Victoria, Australia and factors associated with these trends. The sample comprised 13,578 dental clients of public oral health care services, collected between July 2008 and June 2009, from which data were complete. The group of edentulous clients represented 6.8% of all clients. Older participants were more likely to be edentulous (OR = 3.95; 95% CI 3.53–4.43). By language spoken at home, those who spoke English were more likely to be edentulous than those who spoke other languages (OR = 1.29; 95% CI 1.02–1.63). Aboriginal clients were more likely to be edentulous than non-Aboriginal clients (OR = 2.21; 95% CI 1.15–4.27). By region of residence, clients living in rural locations were more likely to be edentulous than those living in urban regions (OR = 1.53; 95% CI 1.32–1.78). The full model explained 16.8% of the variance in being edentulous. Findings in edentulism were lower than what was reported by the National Survey of Adult Oral Health. However, despite this trend, significant variations existed across urban and rural locations. Innovative public health programs and services are essential to prevent inequalities in oral health diseases and conditions for rural populations.

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in a population aged 40 years and older in Sivas and to determine the relationship between oral mucosal lesions and age, sex, denture type, length of denture use and denture cleaning methods. Material and Methods: A total 552 subjects (396 male, 156 female) represented the study population. A questionnaire was completed regarding their age, sex, length of denture use, denture cleaning methods and denture satisfaction and a systematic oral examination was done. Results: The oral mucosal lesions observed in this study were as follows: fissured tongue 7.9%, hairy tongue 23%, leukoplakia 3.3%, cigarette associated melanosis 9%, angular chelitis 0.4%, fibroepithelial polyp 3,3%, lichen planus 1.8%, frictional keratosis 7.8%, aphtous ulcer 2.9%, geographic tongue 1.2%, nicotine stomatitis 0.7%, prosthetic stomatitis 5.6%, epulis fissuratum 2.5% and flabby ridge 7.9%. The prevalences of hairy tongue and leukoplakia were found to be statistically significant in smokers (p Conclusions: Our results suggest that people over 40 years of age should be informed that smoking habit, unappropriate denture use and poor oral hygiene will increase the formation of oral mucosal lesions, especially leukoplakia and hairy tongue. ÖZET Amaç: Sivas’ta yaşayan 40 yaş ve üzeri bireylerde ağız mukozası lezyonlarının yaygınlığını belirlemek ve bu lezyonların yaş, cinsiyet, sigara kullanımı, protez kullanım süresi, protez hijyen alışkanlıkları gibi unsurlar ile arasındaki bağlantıyı tespit etmektir. Gereç ve yöntem: Toplam 552 (396 erkek, 156 kadın) birey çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Bu bireylere yaş, cinsiyet, protez kullanım süresi, protez hijyen alışkanlıkları ve protez memnuniyeti konusunda bir anket uygulandıktan sonra sistematik olarak ağız muayeneleri yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Ağız mukozası lezyonlarından fissürlü dil % 7.9, kıllı dil % 23, lökoplaki % 3.3, sigara içimine bağlı olarak oluşan melanozis % 9, angular şelitis % 0.4, fibroepiteliyal polip % 3.3, liken planus % 1.8, friksiyonel keratozis % 7.8, aftöz ülser % 2.9, coğrafik dil % 1.2, nikotin stomatitis % 0.7, protez stomatiti % 5.6, epulis fissuratum % 2.5 ve mesnetsiz kret % 7.9 oranında tespit edilmiştir. Sigara içen bireylerde tespit edilen lökoplaki ve kıllı dil görülme oranının içmeyenlere göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde farklı olduğu belirlenmiştir (p Sonuç: Elde edilen sonuçlar, sigara alışkanlığının, protezi uygun şekilde kullanmamanın ve oral hijyenin kötü olmasının ağız mukozası lezyonlarının oluşumu üzerine etkisi konusunda bireylerin bilgilendirilmelerinin gerekli olduğunu göstermektedir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Ağız epidemiyolojisi, ağız patolojisi, ağız mukozal lezyonları

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in a population aged 40 years and older in Sivas and to determine the relationship between oral mucosal lesions and age, sex, denture type, length of denture use and denture cleaning methods. Material and Methods: A total 552 subjects (396 male, 156 female) represented the study population. A questionnaire was completed regarding their age, sex, length of denture use, denture cleaning methods and denture satisfaction and a systematic oral examination was done. Results: The oral mucosal lesions observed in this study were as follows: fissured tongue 7.9%, hairy tongue 23%, leukoplakia 3.3%, cigarette associated melanosis 9%, angular chelitis 0.4%, fibroepithelial polyp 3,3%, lichen planus 1.8%, frictional keratosis 7.8%, aphtous ulcer 2.9%, geographic tongue 1.2%, nicotine stomatitis 0.7%, prosthetic stomatitis 5.6%, epulis fissuratum 2.5% and flabby ridge 7.9%. The prevalences of hairy tongue and leukoplakia were found to be statistically significant in smokers (p

Background: Periodontitis is multifactorial in nature. The various determinants of periodontal disease are age, sex, race, socioeconomic status, and risk factors including tobacco usage and oral hygiene status. However, there is inconsistent epidemiological data on the periodontal status of subjects living in high-fluoride areas. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of dental fluorosis on the periodontal status using community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN), as a clinical study. The purpose of this study is to determine the periodontal status using CPITN index in a population aged between 15 and 74 years residing in the high-fluoride areas of Davangere district. The possible reasons for the susceptibility of this population to periodontal disease are discussed. Materials and Methods: 1029 subjects, aged between 15 and 74 years suffering from dental fluorosis were assessed for their periodontal status. Clinical parameters recorded were OHI-S to assess the oral hygiene status, Jackson′s fluorosis index to assess the degree of fluorosis and CPITN index to assess the periodontal status where treatment need was excluded. Results: Gingivitis and periodontitis were more common in females (65.9% and 32.8%, respectively) than in males (75.1% and 24.2%, respectively). Periodontitis was significantly more common in females. As the age advanced from 15 to 55 years and above, gingivitis reduced from 81.0 to 42.9% and periodontitis increased steadily from 18.0 to 57.1%, which was significant. Periodontitis was high in subjects with poor oral hygiene (81.3%), compared to those with good oral hygiene (14.5%), which was significant. As the degree of fluorosis increased, severity of gingivitis reduced and periodontitis increased, i.e., with A degree fluorosis, gingivitis was 89.4% and periodontitis 8.5%, but with F degree fluorosis the former was 64% and the latter 35.8%, which was statistically significant. Conclusion: The results suggest that there is a strong association of occurrence of periodontal disease in high-fluoride areas. The role of plaque is well understood in contrast to the effect of fluorides on periodontal tissues. It goes a long way to reason out fluoride as an important etiological agent in periodontal disease.

Nation-wide survey of oral health of seniors aged 65-74 and 75 and more years showed the significantly higher prevalence of edentulousness and the lower mean count of remaining teeth in institutionalised seniors when compared with those living independently (age 65-74 - 50.1 % vs. 21.0 %, 4.16 % vs. 10.91 %, age 75 and more - 65.2 % vs. 51.7 %, 2.24 % vs. 5.06 %). Significantly lower count of institutionalised individuals had enough teeth present to evaluate their periodontal status but the prevalence of periodontal disease did not differ significantly between the groups of institutionalised and independently living seniors. Restoration of remaining teeth and prosthetic rehabilitation in institutionalised seniors were significantly worse when compared with independenty living individuals.

When comparing the results of two nation-wide surveys of oral health concerning age categories of 65-74 and 75 and more years respectively it was shown that oral health of seniors significantly improved in virtually all parameters of dental and periodontal status and treatment outcomes. The principal goals relevant to oral health of seniors in the program "Health for all by 2000" have been to decrease edentulousness by one third and to drop the prevalence of advanced periodontal disease under 10 %. The decrease of edentulousness achieved between 1987 and 2003 was from 28.2 % to 21.0 % which means 25.5 % reduction. In the same interval the prevalence of advanced periodontal disease decreased from 11.1 % to 9.0 % - and the goal was fulfilled.

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Shulman JD, Peterson J. The association between incisor trauma and occlusal characteristics in individuals 8–50 years of age. Dent Traumatol 2004; 20: 67–74. © Blackwell Munksgaard, 2004. To explore the association between incisal trauma and occlusal characteristics using oral examination and health interview data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988–1994 (NHANES III). Incisal trauma examinations were performed on 15 364 individuals 6–50 years of age using an ordinal scale developed by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. Occlusal examinations were performed on 13 057 individuals 8–50 years of age. We fitted separate multivariate logistic regression models for maxillary and mandibular incisor trauma adjusting for socio-demographic variables (age, gender, race-ethnicity) and occlusal characteristics (overbite, overjet, open bite). 23.45% of all individuals evidenced trauma on at least one incisor, with trauma more than four times more prevalent on maxillary (22.59%) than on mandibular incisors (4.78%). Males (OR = 1.67) had greater odds of trauma than females; Whites (OR = 1.37) and non-Hispanic Blacks (OR = 1.37) had greater odds of trauma than Mexican–Americans. The odds of trauma increased with age, peaked from age 21 to 30 (OR = 2.92), and declined. As overjet increased, so did the odds of trauma. Compared to individuals with ≤0-mm overjet, odds of trauma increased from 1–3 mm (OR = 1.42) to 4–6 mm (OR = 2.42) to 7–8 mm (OR = 3.24) to >8 mm (OR = 12.47). Trauma to incisors is prevalent but mostly limited to enamel. Trauma to maxillary incisors is associated with overjet, gender, race-ethnicity, and age, while trauma to mandibular incisors is associated with gender, age, and overbite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bauss O, Röhling J, Schwestka-Polly R. Prevalence of traumatic injuries to the permanent incisors in candidates for orthodontic treatment. Dent Traumatol 2004; 20: 61–66. © Blackwell Munksgaard, 2004. – The dental records made on presentation of 1367 consecutive patients (731 females and 636 males) for orthodontic treatment at a private orthodontic practice between 1998 and 2002 were examined for data relating to trauma to the permanent incisors. The results showed that 10.3% of these patients had suffered from dental trauma before the onset of orthodontic treatment. The highest prevalence of dental trauma was determined in the 11–15 years age group, corresponding to the dental developmental stage of the late mixed dentition. The most frequently affected teeth were the maxillary central incisors (79.6%), and the most common types of trauma were fracture of enamel–dentin without pulpal involvement (42.7%) and fracture of enamel (33.8%). Compared to patients with normal overjet and adequate lip coverage, the frequency of dental trauma was significantly higher in patients with increased overjet and adequate lip coverage ( P = 0.028) or with increased overjet and inadequate lip coverage ( P = 0.003). The results of the present study indicate that a significant percentage of candidates for orthodontic treatment, and especially those with increased overjet and inadequate lip coverage, suffer trauma to their permanent incisors before the onset of orthodontic treatment. It might also be concluded that preventive orthodontic treatment of such patients should be initiated and completed before the age of 11, i.e. in the early to middle mixed dentition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the hypothesis that occupational exposure to airborne proteolytic enzymes is associated with dental erosions on the facial surfaces of exposed teeth. Individuals (n = 425) working at a pharmaceutical and biotechnological enterprise (Novozymes A/S) were examined; their mean age was 35 years (range = 18–67 years) and 143 (34%) were women. Two hundred and two of these individuals were newly employed by the company. Occupational exposure was assessed from questionnaire and workplace information. For practical analytical purposes, individuals were categorized as either previously exposed to proteolytic enzymes or not. Information on relevant lifestyle factors and medical history was obtained from a questionnaire. The main effect measure was facial erosion, but lingual erosion indices and the presence of Class V restorations were also considered. The validity of these measures was shown to be very high. Adjusted for potential confounders, there was no association between history of occupational exposure to proteolytic enzymes and prevalent facial or lingual erosion. With respect to prevalence of Class V restorations, the association was significant. The present study did not support directly our primary hypothesis that occupational exposure to airborne proteolytic enzymes is associated with dental erosions on the facial surfaces of exposed teeth. However, the results indicate that exposure to proteolytic enzymes may lead to pronounced tooth substance loss, demanding treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study describes a new fine-scaled system for classifying initial and advanced dental erosions. The system includes the use of study casts of the teeth in an epoxy resin with an accurate surface reproduction. The severity of erosion on each tooth surface is scored according to six grades of severity. In addition, the presence of a Class V restoration and dental erosion on the same surface increases the erosion score, as it is assumed that the need for restorative treatment can be caused by the erosion. A high inter-examiner agreement was found when the present scoring system was used by two examiners on the same sample. With this prerequisite it is proposed that an index value for facial, oral, incisal/occlusal and cervical surfaces is calculated as the mean value of scores for the respective surfaces. The index values represent the severity of tooth substance loss in various locations of the oral cavity and are furthermore suitable for data analysis. The system is thereby well-suited for determining etiologic factors and monitoring the progression of erosion over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The periodontal conditions of 2424 pregnant and 1565 non-pregnant women were assessed according to the community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN). The aim of this survey was to obtain information which is necessary for the planning of preventive programs of periodontal disease for pregnant women. 95% of the pregnant women and 96% of the non-pregnant women had some signs of periodontal disease. The % of pregnant women having 4 or 5 mm pockets was significantly higher than that of non-pregnant women, increased with the month of pregnancy, reached a maximum of 31% in the 8-month group, but decreased to the control level in the 9-month group. These changes were interpreted to suggest that the increase of pocket depth during pregnancy was caused by gingival enlargement rather than by periodontal destruction. The results show that pregnant women had a healthier periodontal condition when compared with non-pregnant women, i.e., the number of sextants with healthy periodontal tissues was higher, the % of people having deep pockets (6 mm or deeper) was lower, and the need for prophylaxis was lower in pregnant than in non-pregnant women. These findings suggest that a special program of periodontal disease prevention for pregnant women is not necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study was to evaluate the benefit left from free dental care at public school after an average time interval of 7 years (mean: 7.03 years). The school dental service given to 66 Army recruits was extracted from their respective school dental care records, arid then compared with the caries situation at the time of their military service. The results showed that the average number of 10.42 filled and extracted tooth surfaces at the end of school dental care had increased to a score of 36.72 DMFS 7 years later. The increase was significantly higher than expected on the basis of the average caries development between ages 7 and 15 years. Of the teeth filled during school dental care, only 26% were in no need of additional treatment, 15 % had been properly retreated afterwards and the rest were either decayed (35 %), retreated and redecayed (13 %) or extracted (11 %). Of the teeth that had been given root canal treatment at school, 27 % had been extracted within the following 7 years. The caries situation was worst in the group of recruits who had had free dental care for the longest period of time. It was concluded that constant free repair of the teeth does not seem to give long term relief from the caries problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A representative sample of 2020 schoolchildren, aged 6 to 15 years, was randomly selected from 85 state and private schools in Rennes and distributed in 10 groups, according to their age. Type and prevalence of dental injuries were determined in each group, using Ellis & Davey's classification, giving rise to a subset of 345 subjects. Simple enamel fracture was the predominant injury (59.4%), occuring most often on maxillary central incisors. Most time (77.1%), the trauma affected only one tooth. Mean prevalence of dental injuries was 13.6% from 2020 subjects. Boys showed a higher prevalence than girls (respectively 17% and 10.20%), but this difference was only significant for age-groups 12 and 13 (p<0.001) and for the whole group of 6-15 (p<0.001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including temporomandibular joint therapy (TMJ), cancer biology, and rare bone diseases.

295 5-year-old children were examined in Mallow, a non-fluoridated town in North Cork to ascertain the dental status of children commencing first level education. The results were compared with those found in Baja, Hungary and in Barnsley, England. The def in Mallow was found to be 5.15 and the Met Need Index 14 %. The authors suggest that the programmes of dental care should be re-examined in the light of these findings and more emphasis placed on the prevention and treatment of caries at an earlier age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]