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Start Over Author "Bolanos-Carriel, Carlos" Topic deoxynivalenol
2 results on '"Bolanos-Carriel, Carlos"'

1. Tri5 gene expression analysis during postharvest storage of wheat grain from field plots treated with a triazole and a strobilurin fungicide

Author

Bolanos-Carriel, Carlos, Wegulo, Stephen N., Baenziger, P. Stephen, Eskridge, Kent M., Funnell-Harris, Deanna, McMaster, Nicole J., Schmale, David G. III, Hallen-Adams, Heather E., and School of Plant and Environmental Sciences

Subjects
triazole, Fusarium head blight, wheat, deoxynivalenol, gene expression, food and beverages, trichodiene synthase, strobilurin
Abstract

Fusarium head blight (FHB) and the associated mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) negatively impact the wheat industry worldwide. In North America, FHB is mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, under storage conditions, the expression of the DON biosynthetic gene trichodiene synthase (Tri5) of F. graminearum in grain of hard red winter wheat cultivars 'Overley' (FHB-susceptible) and 'Overland' (moderately resistant to FHB) from field plots treated or untreated with the triazole fungicide Prosaro and the strobilurin fungicide Headline. Infected grain was stored and periodically sampled to determine gene expression by qRT-PCR analysis. The F. graminearum housekeeping gene GAPDH was consistently detected, indicative of metabolically active fungi, and Tri5 detection was significantly higher in 'Overley' compared with 'Overland'. Tri5 gene expression and DON concentrations showed little to no correlation; consequently, Tri5 expression levels did not accurately predict DON concentrations. The strobilurin did not significantly reduce Tri5 gene expression compared with untreated wheat. In the triazole treatment, a significant reduction in the relative expression of Tri5 was detected after 120 days, as well as a downregulation of Tri5 from 60 to 120 days of storage in 'Overley'. In grain from strobilurin-treated plots of both cultivars, the expression of Tri5 increased from 0 to 30 days after tempering. Genetic expression of Tri5 that is necessary for the production of DON can increase during storage of high-moisture grain. Fusarium fungi can persist in wheat kernels for several months postharvest and may actively produce toxin during this period. U.S. Department of AgricultureUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA); Secretariat of Higher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation of Ecuador; Nebraska Wheat Board; U.S. Wheat and Barley Scab InitiativeUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA) [59-0790-7-080, 422288, 422533]; Hatch Multistate Research Capacity Funding Program [1006715] This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture; The Secretariat of Higher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation of Ecuador; Nebraska Wheat Board; U.S. Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative [59-0790-7-080; #422288; #422533]; Hatch Multistate Research Capacity Funding Program [1006715]. Public domain – authored by a U.S. government employee

Published
2020

2. Epidemiology and Management of Fusarium Head Blight and Foliar Fungal Diseases of Wheat

Author

Bolanos-Carriel, Carlos

Subjects
Fusarium head blight, deoxynivalenol, trichodiene synthase, critical point models, triazole, strobilurin, Plant Pathology
Abstract

Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum, the FHB-associated mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), and foliar fungal diseases are significant threats to wheat production. This research 1) evaluated the effects of fungicide chemical class, application timing, and cultivar resistance on FHB and DON under field conditions; 2) evaluated the effects of field-applied fungicide chemical class, grain moisture, and time on DON under grain storage conditions; 3) evaluated the effects of field-applied fungicide chemical class and time on trichothecene-related gene (Tri5) expression under grain storage conditions; 4) determined the optimum F. graminearum spore concentration and spike bagging period following inoculation for accurately discriminating between FHB resistant and susceptible wheat cultivars under greenhouse conditions; and 5) determined the optimum timing of fungicide applications for control of foliar fungal diseases of wheat under field conditions. A triazole fungicide controlled FHB and DON more effectively than a strobilurin fungicide. A triazole applied 6 days after anthesis was as effective as an anthesis (standard timing) application, indicating a wider window of application for growers’ needed flexibility. In storage, DON decreased over time in grain of a moderately resistant cultivar treated with a triazole and increased in grain of a susceptible cultivar treated with a strobilurin. During storage, DON biosynthesis Tri5 gene expression increased over time during storage of high grain moisture grain, a significant reduction in the relative expression of the Tri5 gene and a downregulation of the gene occurred in the triazole treatment whereas expression of the gene increased in the strobilurin treatment. In the greenhouse, lower concentrations of F. graminearum inoculum (6.25 x 103 and 1.25 x 104 spores/mL) were more efficient in discriminating between a moderately resistant and a susceptible wheat cultivar compared to the standard concentration (1 x 105 spores/mL). The optimum spike bagging period following inoculation for discrimination between a moderately resistant and a susceptible cultivar was 48 hours or 72 hours (the standard). Foliar fungicide applications in field plots at the flag leaf and boot growth stages of wheat were more effective in protecting yield than later applications. Results from this research will enhance knowledge in the epidemiology and management of FHB, DON, and foliar fungal diseases of wheat. Advisors: Stephen N. Wegulo and Heather Hallen-Adams

Published
2018

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