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Background: Although the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) based on a single measurement is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), little is known about whether changes in AIP over time are related to incident CVD. We aimed to determine whether AIP trajectory, which reflects homogenous AIP trends for a particular period, is associated with CVD risk. Methods: Data from 5,843 participants of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) were analyzed. The KoGES had been conducted biennially from the baseline survey (2001–2002) to the eighth follow-up survey (2017–2018). The research design specifies the exposure period from baseline to the third follow-up, designates the latent period at the fourth follow-up, and establishes the event accrual period from the fifth to the eighth follow-up. During the exposure period, we identified two trajectories: a decreasing (n = 3,036) and an increasing group (n = 2,807) using latent variable mixture modeling. Information on CVD was collected initially through the self-reporting, followed by in depth person-to-person interview conducted by a well-trained examiner. During the event accrual period, the cumulative incidence rates of CVD between the two AIP trajectory groups were estimated using Kaplan–Meier analysis with the log-rank test. Multiple Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: The increasing AIP trajectory group had a significantly higher cumulative incidence rate of CVD than the decreasing AIP trajectory group. Compared to the decreasing AIP trajectory group, the increasing AIP trajectory group had a higher risk of incident CVD (HR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.02–1.69) after adjusting for confounders. Conclusions: The risk of incident CVD increased when the AIP level showed an increasing trend and remained high over a long period. This suggests that checking and managing the trajectory of the AIP can be a preventive strategy for incident CVD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ongoing studies are currently investigating the extent of surgical resection required for subsolid cancers. This study aimed to investigate the predictive factors related to recurrence in patients with clinical stage IA subsolid cancer who underwent either lobectomy or sublobar resection. Methods: This was a prospective multicenter observational study conducted in eight qualifying university teaching hospitals between April 2014 and December 2016. A total of 173 patients with subsolid nodules pathologically confirmed to have primary lung adenocarcinoma and stage IA disease were included in the final analysis. All patients underwent lobectomy, segmentectomy, or wedge resection performed by experienced thoracoscopic surgeons at each site. The surgical procedure was chosen based on the decision of the surgeons involved. The primary endpoint was time to recurrence (TTR). Results: The study population was 43.9% (76 of 173) male with a mean age of 60.7 years. During the median follow‐up period of 5.01 years, nine patients (5%) experienced disease recurrence. In the multivariable analysis, tumor size (size ≥2 cm) (hazard ratio: 73.717, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.635–895.036; p < 0.001) and stage IA3 (hazard ratio: 62.010, 95% CI: 2.837–855.185; p < 0.001) were independent predictors of tumor recurrence. When analyzing the recurrence outcome in patients according to surgical procedure, no significant difference was found in TTR among the three groups (i.e., lobectomy, segmentectomy, and wedge resection; p = 0.99). Conclusions: Patients with radiologically subsolid lung adenocarcinoma measuring <3 cm could be candidates for sublobar resection instead of lobectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]