Search

BACKGROUND: Aerobic exercise (AEx) has many potential benefits; however, it is unknown whether individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) can attain the optimal intensity and duration to harness its effects. Forced-rate exercise (FE) is a novel paradigm in which the voluntary pedaling rate during cycling is supplemented to achieve a higher exercise intensity. The aim of this pilot trial was to investigate the feasibility and initial efficacy of a 12-week FE or voluntary exercise (VE) cycling intervention for individuals with MS. METHODS: Twenty-two participants with MS (Expanded Disability Severity Scale [EDSS] 2.0-6.5) were randomly assigned to FE (n = 12) or VE (n = 10), each with twice weekly 45-minute sessions at a prescribed intensity of 60% to 80% of maximum heart rate (HR). RESULTS: Eighteen individuals (FE = 11; VE = 7) completed the intervention, however, adaptations were required in both groups to overcome barriers to cycling. Overall, participants exercised for an average of 42.2 ± 2.3 minutes at an aerobic intensity of 65% ± 7% of maximum HR and a pedaling cadence of 67.3 ± 13.3 RPM. Cycling led to improved treadmill walking speed (0.61 to 0.68 m/sec, P = .010), with somewhat greater improvement with FE compared to VE (increase of 0.09 vs 0.03 m/s, respectively, P = .17) post intervention. Notably, the participant with the highest disability level (EDSS 6.5) tolerated FE but not VE. CONCLUSIONS: Aerobic exercise is feasible for individuals with MS, although those with increased disability may require novel paradigms such as FE to achieve targeted intensity. Further trials are warranted to investigate the effects of FE across the MS disability spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Debilitating symptoms of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) often lead to long-term effects on health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL). In ECOSPOR III, SER-109, an investigational oral microbiome therapeutic, was superior to placebo in reducing rCDI. We investigated the validity, reliability, and responsiveness of a 32-item, CDI-specific questionnaire—the Clostridium difficile Quality of Life Survey (Cdiff32)—across mental, physical, and social domains in patients with rCDI. Methods In this post hoc analysis of a phase 3 clinical trial, 182 outpatients with rCDI completed Cdiff32 and EQ-5D at baseline and at 1 and 8 weeks. Cdiff32 was evaluated for item performance, internal reliability, and convergent validity. To assess known-groups validity, Cdiff32 scores were compared by disease recurrence status at week 1; internal responsiveness was evaluated in the nonrecurrent disease group by 8 weeks by means of paired t test. Results All 182 patients (mean age [standard deviation], 65.5 [16.5] years; 59.9% female) completed baseline Cdiff32. Confirmatory factor analysis identified 3 domains (physical, mental, and social relationships) with good item fit. High internal reliability was demonstrated (Cronbach α = 0.94 with all subscales >0.80). Convergent validity was evidenced by significant correlations between Cdiff32 subscales and EQ-5D (r = 0.29–0.37; P <.001). Cdiff32 differentiated patients by disease recurrence status at week 1 (effect sizes, 0.38–0.42; P <.05 overall), with significant improvement from baseline through week 8 in patients with nonrecurrent disease at week 1 (effect sizes, 0.75–1.02; P <.001 overall). Conclusions Cdiff32 is a valid, reliable, and responsive disease-specific HRQOL questionnaire that is fit for purpose for interventional treatment trials. The significant improvement in patients with nonrecurrent disease by 8 weeks demonstrates the negative impact of rCDI on HRQOL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Research has indicated proxies overestimate symptoms on patients' behalves, however it is unclear whether patients and proxies agree on meaningful change across domains over time. The objective of this study is to assess patient-proxy agreement over time, as well as agreement on identification of meaningful change, across 10 health domains in patients who underwent acute rehabilitation following stroke. Methods: Stroke patients were recruited from an ambulatory clinic or inpatient rehabilitation unit, and were included in the study if they were undergoing rehabilitation. At baseline and again after 30 days, patients and their proxies completed PROMIS Global Health and eight domain-specific PROMIS short forms. Reliability of patient-proxy assessments at baseline, follow-up, and the change in T-score was evaluated for each domain using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC(2,1)). Agreement on meaningful improvement or worsening, defined as 5+ T-score points, was compared using percent exact agreement. Results: Forty-one patient-proxy dyads were included in the study. Proxies generally reported worse symptoms and functioning compared to patients at both baseline and follow-up, and reported less change than patients. ICCs for baseline and change were primarily poor to moderate (range: 0.06 (for depression change) to 0.67 (for physical function baseline)), and were better at follow-up (range: 0.42 (for anxiety) to 0.84 (for physical function)). Percent exact agreement between indicating meaningful improvement versus no improvement ranged from 58.5–75.6%. Only a small proportion indicated meaningful worsening. Conclusions: Patient-proxy agreement across 10 domains of health was better following completion of rehabilitation compared to baseline or change. Overall change was minimal but the majority of patient-proxy dyads agreed on meaningful change. Our study provides important insight for clinicians and researchers when interpreting change scores over time for questionnaires completed by both patients and proxies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we examined anesthetic records before and after the implementation of an electronic anesthetic record documentation (AIMS) in a single surgical population. The purpose of this study was to identify any inconsistencies in anesthetic care based on handwritten documentation (paper) or AIMS. We hypothesized that the type of anesthetic record (paper or AIMS) would lead to differences in the documentation and management of hypotension. Consecutive patients who underwent esophageal surgery between 2009 and 2014 by a single surgeon were eligible for the study. Patients were grouped in to 'paper' or 'AIMS' based on the type of anesthetic record identified in the chart. Pertinent patient identifiers were removed and data collated after collection. Predetermined preoperative and intraoperative data variables were reviewed. Consecutive esophageal surgery patients ( N = 189) between 2009 and 2014 were evaluated. 92 patients had an anesthetic record documented on paper and 97 using AIMS. The median number of unique blood pressure recordings was lower in the AIMS group (median (Q1,Q3) AIMS 30.0 (24.0, 39.0) vs. Paper 35.0 (28.5, 43.5), p < 0.01). However, the median number of hypotensive events (HTEs) was higher in the AIMS group (median (Q1,Q3) 8.0 (4.0, 18.0) vs. 4.0 (1.0, 10.5), p < 0.001), and the percentage of HTEs per blood pressure recording was higher in the AIMS group (30.4 ((Q1, Q3) (9.5, 60.9)% vs. 12.5 (2.4, 27.5)%), p < 0.01). Multivariable regression analysis identified independent predictors of HTEs. The incidence of HTEs was found to increase with AIMS (IRR = 1.88, p < 0.01). Preoperative systolic blood pressure, increased blood loss, and phenylephrine. A phenylephrine infusion was negatively associated with hypotensive events (IRR = 0.99, p = 0.03). We noted an increased incidence of HTEs associated with the institution of an AIMS. Despite this increase, no change in medical therapy for hypotension was seen. AIMS did not appear to have an effect on the management of intraoperative hypotension in this patient population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although many studies have illustrated the discomfort that resident physicians feel when discussing end-of-life (EOL) issues with their patients, fewer studies have addressed interventions to directly increase medical resident proficiency and comfort in conducting these discussions and for translating these beliefs into a formal advance care plan. Objectives: We report on an innovative curriculum conducted at The University of Chicago (NorthShore) internal medicine residency to improve residents' proficiency and comfort in leading outpatient advance care planning (ACP) discussions. Methods: Four educational components were executed. First, residents completed an on-line module introducing ACP and guiding residents to complete their own ACP. Second, residents attended a didactic 'How To' lecture given by physicians with expertise in ACP that emphasized ACP communication tools and a video demonstration. Third, residents completed a video-recorded simulation-based ACP discussion with a standardized patient. Finally, residents conducted an ACP outpatient encounter with one of their continuity clinic patients. Expert preceptors directly observed, evaluated, and provided feedback to residents during both patient encounters. Residents were surveyed before and immediately after the curriculum using a nine-variable questionnaire, which assessed the resident's training and comfort with ACP. Results: Sixteen second year residents completed the curriculum and surveys. Precurriculum and post-curriculum mean change on a Likert scale of 1 (uncomfortable) to 5 (very comfortable) was compared using paired t-tests. Results demonstrated statistically significant improvements in the following comfort level variables: eliciting understanding of health and prognosis (pre 3.63 vs. post 4.38, p = 0.035), discussing EOL care based on patient values (pre 3.50 vs. post 4.38, p = 0.008), specifically discussing EOL care based on patient values in the outpatient setting (pre 2.75 vs. post 4.31, p = 0.001) and initiating an advance directive and medical power of attorney (pre 2.56 vs. post 4.19, p < 0.001). Conclusion: A multimodality curriculum including self-directed learning, lectures, and practice with simulated and actual outpatients with active reflection and feedback is effective in improving resident comfort level and formal training in ACP. Further research is needed to understand whether these interventions will translate into an increased frequency of discussions with patients about ACP after residency training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]