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The declining order of abnormality rates in inner ear test battery of patients with Meniere's disease (MD) is consistent with the decreasing sequence of prevalence of hydrops formation in temporal bone donors of MD. This study investigated inner ear deficits in MD patients with falls, without falls, and after sac operation to compare their inner ear deficits. Twenty MD patients with falls (Group A), 20 MD patients without falls (Group B), and 20 MD patients after sac operation (Group C) were enrolled. All patients underwent an inner ear test battery. Group A (with falls) revealed a declining sequence of abnormality rates running from audiometry (92%), cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) test (71%), caloric test (42%) to ocular VEMP (oVEMP) test (38%). In contrast, Group B (without falls) displayed a different declining sequence of abnormality rates running from audiometry, cVEMP test, and oVEMP test to caloric test. Similarly, Group C also displayed the same declining sequence of inner ear deficits to Group A, indicating that Groups A and C may share a similar mechanism. Comparing the declining sequence of inner ear deficits in two inner ear disorders may help determine whether both disorders share a similar mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study investigated the evolution of vestibular disorders in dizzy older adults from young‐old to middle‐old to oldest‐old individuals, which has been less examined in detail so far. Methods: A total of 3714 older patients with vertigo/dizziness in a university hospital were retrospectively reviewed and divided into three groups; namely, the young‐old group aged 65–74 years (n = 2307), the middle‐old group aged 75–84 years (n = 1176) and the oldest‐old group aged ≥85 years (n = 231). All patients underwent an inner ear test battery comprising audiometry, caloric test, cervical and ocular vestibular‐evoked myogenic potential tests, and foam posturography. Results: The ratios between peripheral and central vestibular disorders ranged from the young‐old (60:40%) and middle‐old (36:64%) to the oldest‐old (25:75%) groups. These results show a decreasing sequence in the prevalence of peripheral vestibular disorders (i.e. benign paroxysmal positional vertigo or Meniereʼs disease), and an increasing sequence in that of central vestibular disorders (i.e. vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency) from young‐old to middle‐old to oldest‐old patients. Furthermore, the mean Romberg quotients (value from eyes closed divided by that from eyes open) of the sway area on the foam pad were 1.99 ± 0.93, 2.10 ± 1.06 and 2.62 ± 1.78 in the young‐old, middle‐old and oldest‐old groups, respectively, showing a significant difference among them. Conclusions: Older patients with central vestibular disorders might be more prone to imbalance and falls than those with peripheral vestibular disorders, partly because patients in the latter group retain other reflex systems; that is, the visuomotor reflex to stabilize the gaze and maintain balance. Hence, adequate vision is important in maintaining balance for older adults with vertigo/dizziness. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 42–46. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conclusion: An inner ear test battery may suggest bilateral involvement and aid in 'grading' of potential disease in a patient with actively symptomatic Meniere's disease (MD). Objectives: This study applied an inner ear test battery in patients with bilateral MD to map the inner ear deficits in each ear. Methods: From 2009 to 2012, 100 (20%) of 498 MD patients were diagnosed with bilateral involvement, which was defined as established MD in one ear, and the opposite ear had inner ear symptoms combined with documented hearing loss. Each patient underwent audiometry, and ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP), cervical VEMP (cVEMP), and caloric tests. Results: Grading of inner ear deficits was based on the number of abnormal results in the inner ear test battery. Of 100 patients with bilateral MD, 54% had the same grade and 46% had different grades in their 2 ears. On the other hand, based on four-tone average, 79% had the same Meniere stage and 21% had different stages in their two ears. The difference between ears with asymmetric grades (46%) and ears with asymmetric stages (21%) accounts for 25% of bilateral MD patients, which may be caused by the saccular hydrops in the opposite ear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conclusion: The ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) test yields the same information as the rotational test in sleep-deprived subjects as evidenced by increased vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) asymmetry. However, the duration of sleep deprivation (12 h) and testing time required for the oVEMP test are shorter than for the rotational test. Objective: This study utilized the oVEMP test in sleep-deprived subjects to investigate the effect of short-duration sleep deprivation on the VOR system. Methods: Twenty healthy resident physicians underwent oVEMP and cervical VEMP (cVEMP) tests twice in a randomized order; one test battery was performed after a normal sleep, and the other was performed after a night duty at the emergency service, which meant a state of 12 h sleep deprivation. Results: All 20 subjects had clear oVEMPs regardless of whether testing was performed after a normal sleep or 12 h sleep deprivation condition. Significant differences were not identified between the two sleep conditions in terms of characteristic parameters, i.e. latencies and amplitude of oVEMPs. However, the mean asymmetry ratio after sleep deprivation (20 ± 13%) was significantly larger than that after normal sleep (8 ± 12%). Conversely, the cVEMP parameters did not differ significantly between the two sleep conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conclusion: Patients with sudden deafness who had abnormal ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP)/cervical VEMP (cVEMP) responses but retained caloric function may subsequently develop secondary hydrops with a mean interval of 8 years. Objective: This study applied the inner ear test battery in patients who had sudden deafness previously to elucidate how secondary endolymphatic hydrops occurs years after sudden deafness. Methods: Twenty patients who had experienced recent vertiginous attacks several years after sudden deafness (group A) and 20 patients without rotational vertiginous episode for at least 5 years following sudden deafness (group B) were enrolled. All patients underwent an inner ear test battery comprising audiometry, caloric test, and oVEMP and cVEMP tests. Results: The mean interval from initial sudden deafness to vertiginous attack in group A was 8 years, with a mean hearing level of 66 ± 20 dB, which did not significantly differ from 61 ± 20 dB in group B. For the vestibular test results, the percentages of abnormal cVEMP, oVEMP, and caloric tests in group A were 65%, 70%, and 25%, respectively. Compared to the respective 70%, 60%, and 75% abnormalities in group B, only the caloric test differed significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conclusion: The age-related changes in ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMPs) elicited by galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) and bone-conducted vibration (BCV) might be attributed to the morphological degeneration of the vestibular system. Objective: This study employed GVS and BCV modes for eliciting oVEMPs in healthy subjects to explore the effect of aging on the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) pathway. Methods: Sixty-nine healthy subjects (aged 22-69 years) were divided into 5 groups of 12-19 subjects by decades of age. All subjects underwent oVEMPs using GVS and BCV modes. The prevalence and parameters of oVEMPs, including nI latency, pI latency, nI-pI interval, and nI-pI amplitude were measured and compared. Results: The prevalences of GVS-oVEMPs had nonsignificant differences among all age groups, whereas that of BCV-oVEMPs in the over-60 group was significantly lower than those in the under-60 groups. In GVS-oVEMPs, the group over 60 years had significantly longer nI, pI latencies, and smaller amplitudes when compared with those under 60 years. In BCV-oVEMPs, the nI and pI latencies in the over-60 group were significantly longer than those of the under-60 groups, while the nI-pI amplitudes of groups over 50 years were significantly smaller than those of groups under 50 years. All oVEMP parameters exhibited significant differences between GVS- and BCV-oVEMPs in each age group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conclusion: Patients with recurrent sudden deafness demonstrating normal vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) in the lesion ear of the second episode may indicate a good hearing outcome. Objective: This study retrospectively reviewed our experience of patients with recurrent sudden deafness during the past 20 years. Methods: Sixteen (1.4 %) of 1156 patients with sudden deafness were diagnosed as having a recurrent episode, including ipsilateral type in 7 and contralateral type in 9. All patients underwent an audiovestibular test battery and blood and MRI examinations. After 2000, nine patients underwent the VEMP test. Results: In the ipsilateral type, the mean interval between two episodes was 2 ± 2 years, which did not differ significantly from 3 ± 3 years in the contralateral type. There were no significant differences in relation to age at onset of the second episode, inter-episode interval, gender, presence of vertigo, and abnormal caloric results. However, abnormal rate of VEMP test in the contralateral type (five of five patients) was significantly higher than that in the ipsilateral type (none of four patients). At the second episode, all four patients with normal VEMPs on the lesion ear had improved hearing, while four of five patients with absent or delayed VEMPs showed unchanged hearing. Altogether, the hearing improvement rate in both types of recurrent sudden deafness was 50%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]