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Objective: To explore the clinical epidemiological characteristics of oral lichen planus (OLP) and risk factors for erosive/ulcerative OLP. Materials and Methods: Patients diagnosed with OLP from 11 different hospitals were included in the study. Descriptive statistical methods were used to explore the clinical epidemiological characteristics and logistic regression, sensitivity analysis, and subgroup analysis were utilized to explore the risk factors for erosive/ulcerative OLP. Results: The average age of patients was 49.2 ± 13.3 years, and 61.4% of the patients were women. The ratios of patients with reticular, hyperemic/erythematous, and erosive/ulcerative lesions were 47.9%, 27.8%, and 24.2%, respectively. Analysis of risk factors for erosive/ulcerative OLP identified the following variables: age, course of disease of 12 months or more, II°–III° dental calculus, hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease, as well as regions of habitation. Subgroup analysis showed significant differences in risk factors for erosive/ulcerative OLP in patients with and without risk behaviors. Conclusion: The clinical epidemiological characteristics of patients with OLP in the Chinese population in this study are basically consistent with existing reports in developed countries. And we identified clinical characteristics associated with erosive/ulcerative OLP through clinical epidemiological analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Oral lichen planus, a chronic inflammatory immune disease, occurs in the oral mucosa. We aimed to assess the prevalence and possible influencing factors of oral lichen planus in patients with diabetes mellitus. Subjects and Methods: This cross‐sectional study involved 525 patients with diabetes mellitus and 525 controls. We collected information on blood glucose level, duration of diabetes, diabetic complications, treatment methods, other systemic diseases and medication history. Results: Oral lichen planus was significantly more prevalent in the diabetes mellitus/type 2 diabetes mellitus group than in the controls (2.3%/2.2% vs. 0.6%, p = 0.019/0.022). There was no significant association between patients with diabetes mellitus with and those without oral lichen planus in age (p = 0.195), sex (p = 0.390), blood glucose level (p = 1), duration of diabetes (p = 0.638), diabetic complications (p = 1), treatment methods (p = 0.962), other systemic diseases (p = 0.891) and medication history (p = 0.848). Conclusions: Diabetes mellitus was associated with oral lichen planus; there was a higher prevalence of oral lichen planus in patients with diabetes mellitus/type 2 diabetes mellitus than in those without diabetes. Oral lichen planus development in patients with diabetes mellitus was not significantly associated with age, sex, blood glucose level, duration of diabetes, diabetic complications, treatment methods, other systemic diseases and medication history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term "left-behind adolescent" refers to adolescents who remain in the household registration area to live with their one parent or temporary guardian because both or one of their parents have left town for work. Subjective vitality is a crucial indicator of healthy adolescent growth. However, few studies have been conducted on the factors associated with the left-behind adolescents' subjective vitality. This study investigated the level of subjective vitality of left-behind adolescents and explored the potential mechanisms between the parent-child relationship and subjective vitality. We collected a sample of 604 secondary school students from a rural region in southwest China (52.98% female; Mage = 13.76; SD = 0.88). We compared a mediation model among adolescents left behind by fathers (N = 200), mothers (N = 122), and both parents (N = 282). The results found that parent-child relationships were positively associated with subjective vitality. Basic psychological needs and meaning in life both mediated the relationship between the parent-child relationship and subjective vitality among left-behind adolescents. There was no significant difference in the role of the father-child relationship and the mother-child relationship. In addition, unlike previous research, we discovered no direct association between the mother-child relationship and subjective vitality when mothers were absent. And there was no significant direct relationship between the father-child relationship and subjective vitality when fathers were absent. Our findings add incremental insight into how parental absence affects left-behind adolescents' positive psychological development. Highlights: The left-behind adolescents' subjective vitality was strongly and positively related to parent-child relationships (the father-child and the mother-child relationship), BPNs, and meaning in life. BPNs and meaning in life both mediated the relationship between the parent-child relationship and subjective vitality among left-behind adolescents. There was no significant difference in the role of the father-child relationship and the mother-child relationship. This study illustrates that the absent parent cannot provide the left-behind adolescents with the necessary psychological support to direct promote subjective vitality. In contrast, only the remaining parent would promote the adolescents' sense of vitality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block can provide effective analgesia for abdominal surgery. However, it was questionable whether TAP had additional effect in the context of multimodal analgesia (MMA). Therefore, this study aimed to assess the additional analgesic effect of preoperative TAP block when added to MMA protocol in open gynecological surgery. Methods: In this prospective, randomized-controlled trial, 64 patients scheduled for open gynecological surgery were randomized to receive preoperative TAP block (Study group, n = 32) or placebo (Control group, n = 32) in addition to MMA protocol comprising dexamethasone, acetaminophen, flurbiprofen and celecoxib, and rescued morphine analgesia. The primary outcome was rescued morphine within 24 h after surgery. Secondary outcomes included pain scores, adverse effects, quality of recovery measured by 40-item quality of recovery questionnaire score (QoR-40) at 24 h, and quality of life measured with short-form health survey (SF − 36) on postoperative day (POD) 30. Results: The Study group had less rescued morphine than the control group within 24 h [5 (2–9) vs. 8.5 (5–12.8) mg, P = 0.013]. The Study group had lower pain scores at 1 h [3 (2–4) vs. 4 (3–5), P = 0.007], 2 h [3 (2–4) vs. 3.5 (3–5), P = 0.010] and 6 h [3 (2–3) vs. 3 (2.3–4), P = 0.028], lower incidence of nausea at 48 h (25.8% vs. 50%, P = 0.039), and higher satisfaction score [10 (10–10) vs. 10 (8–10), P = 0.041]. The SF-36 bodily pain score on POD 30 was higher in the Study group (59 ± 13 vs. 49 ± 16, P = 0.023). Conclusions: Preoperative TAP block had additional analgesic effect for open gynecological surgery when used as part of multimodal analgesia. Rescued morphine within 24 h was significantly reduced and the SF-36 bodily pain dimension at 30 days after surgery was significantly improved. Trial registration: www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2000040343, on Nov 28 2020). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Postoperative delirium can increase cognitive impairment and mortality in patients with Parkinson's disease. The purpose of this study was to develop and internally validate a clinical prediction model of delirium after deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease under general anesthesia. Methods. We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study on the data of 240 patients with Parkinson's disease who underwent deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus under general anesthesia. Demographic characteristics, clinical evaluation, imaging data, laboratory data, and surgical anesthesia information were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was used to develop the prediction model for postoperative delirium. Results. A total of 159 patients were included in the cohort, of which 38 (23.90%) had postoperative delirium. Smoking (OR 4.51, 95% CI 1.56–13.02, p < 0.01) was the most important risk factor; other independent predictors were orthostatic hypotension (OR 3.42, 95% CI 0.90–13.06, p = 0.07), inhibitors of type-B monoamine oxidase (OR 3.07, 95% CI 1.17–8.04, p = 0.02), preoperative MRI with silent brain ischemia or infarction (OR 2.36, 95% CI 0.90–6.14, p = 0.08), Hamilton anxiety scale score (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.28–3.50, p < 0.01), and apolipoprotein E level in plasma (OR 1.48, 95% CI 0.95–2.29, p = 0.08). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.76 (95% CI 0.66–0.86). A nomogram was established and showed good calibration and clinical predictive capacity. After bootstrap for internal verification, the AUC was 0.74 (95% CI 0.66–0.83). Conclusion. This study provides evidence for the independent inducing factors of delirium after deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease under general anesthesia. By predicting the development of delirium, our model may identify high-risk groups that can benefit from early or preventive intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: There were rarely investigations on the effects and molecular mechanisms of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells when treated with isorhamnetin. This article assesses the anti‐cancer effect of isorhamnetin. Methods and materials: Oral squamous cell carcinoma cells were treated with or without isorhamnetin. Cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, cell migration, cell death, and the related signaling pathways were evaluated. Results: The results revealed that cell proliferation was inhibited in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, which was confirmed by diminished cell viability and revealed by decreased in the number of cell colonies. In addition, the cell cycle arrested in the G2/M phase, and the protein levels of cyclin B1 and CDC2 were suppressed. Moreover, the cell migration was inhibited, and the protein levels of related proteins were modulated. Furthermore, it could be observed that abundant cytoplasmic vacuoles existed which that were derived from mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. It was confirmed that cell death did not result from apoptosis and may have which may be apt to paraptosis. Isorhamnetin was observed to upregulate phosphorylated ERK cascades and increase intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. Conclusions: Our study suggested that the anti‐cancer effect of isorhamnetin might trigger paraptosis, which may indicate a new therapeutic approach to OSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The value of top‐hat procedure during loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) for squamous intraepithelial lesions had remained controversial. This study aimed to evaluate whether top‐hat specimens positive for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) on histopathology can serve as an independent risk factor to predict treatment failure. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent LEEP and top‐hat procedures in Peking University First Hospital between 2011 and 2016 and collected their follow‐up data until January 2019. We compared the pathological risk factor of treatment failure. Multivariate analysis was carried out to clarify the independent determinant of treatment failure. A Cox model was used to assess the influence of different variables on cumulative treatment failure rates. Results: This study included 295 cases for short‐term treatment failure, and among them, 178 cases were used to study the long‐term. The presence of CIN in top‐hat was relevant to short‐term treatment failure (OR = 9.64, 95% CI 2.55–36.4) despite a clear margin. On multivariate analysis, top‐hat result (OR = 3.58, 95% CI 1.30–9.89), age ≥ 50 (OR = 10.2, 95%CI 3.64–28.3) and post‐treatment HPV 16/18 infection (OR = 2.35, 95%CI 1.19–4.63) were independent risk factors in predicting short‐term failure. In the Cox model, these factors were also associated with higher cumulative failure rates. Conclusion: The current study supported the predictive value of top‐hat procedure in short‐term failure after LEEP. Typically, women with positive top‐hat need closer follow‐up despite their negative margin status. Older women with positive top‐hat findings and HPV 16/18 infections after the treatment suffer a higher risk of short‐term failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives The present study sought to examine the association between maternal depressive symptoms and characteristics of offspring physical health, including health status, health behaviors, and healthcare utilization, among low-income families. Maternal engagement was explored as a mediator of observed effects. Methods Cross-sectional survey data from a community sample of 4589 low-income women and their preschool-age children participating in the WIC program in Los Angeles County were analyzed using logistic, Poisson, and zero-inflated negative binomial regression. Mediation was tested via conditional process analyses. Results After controlling for the effects of demographic characteristics including maternal health insurance coverage, employment status, education, and preferred language, children of depressed women (N = 1025) were significantly more likely than children of non-depressed women (N = 3564) to receive a “poor” or “fair” maternal rating of general health (OR 2.34), eat fewer vegetables (IRR: 0.94) more sweets (IRR: 1.20) and sugary drinks daily (IRR: 1.32), and consume fast food more often (OR 1.21). These children were also less likely to have health insurance (OR 1.59) and more likely to receive medical care from a public medical clinic or hospital emergency room (OR 1.30). Reduced maternal engagement partially mediated associations between maternal depressive symptoms and several child health outcomes including poor diet, health insurance coverage, and use of public medical services. Conclusions for Practice Maternal depressive symptoms are associated with poor health among preschool-age children in low-income families. Prevention, screening, and treatment efforts aimed at reducing the prevalence of maternal depression may positively affect young children’s health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]