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Background: The Stanford Youth Diabetes Coaching Program (SYDCP) is an evidence-based program led by health care professionals to teach healthy youth who then coach family members with diabetes or other chronic conditions. This purpose of this study is to evaluate a Community Health Worker (CHW)-led implementation of the SYDCP for low-income Latinx students from underserved agricultural communities. Method: CHWs were trained and virtually led 10 training sessions virtually during the COVID-19 for Latinx students who were recruited from high schools in agricultural regions of Washington state. Feasibility measures include recruitment, retention, class attendance, and successful coaching of a family member or friend. Acceptability was measured by responses on the post-training survey. Effectiveness was evaluated by pre-post changes in measures used in prior studies of the SYDCP such as level of activation and diabetes knowledge. Results: Thirty-four students were recruited, 28 completed the training and 23 returned both pre- and post-surveys. Over 80% of students attended 7 or more classes. All met with a family or friend and 74% met with them weekly. Approximately 80% of the students rated the program's usefulness as "very good" or "excellent." Pre-post increases in diabetes knowledge, nutrition-related behaviors, resilience, and activation were significant and similar to those observed in prior published studies of the SYDCP. Conclusions: Findings support the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of a CHW-led implementation of the SYDCP in underserved Latinx communities using a virtual remote model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: School reintegration after traumatic brain injuries (TBI) requires school support; however, implementation of services is complex. This study evaluates disparities in receipt of school services for Hispanic children and its effect on academic performance. METHODS: Secondary analyses of school data on receipt of pre‐ and post‐TBI school services. A logistic regression compared receipt of services between Hispanic and non‐Hispanic white (NHW) children, and a linear regression evaluated services' effect on academic performance. RESULTS: The study includes 419 children; 46 Hispanic, 373 NHW. For NHW children there were no differences in receipt of pre‐ and post‐TBI services; Hispanic children had significant increase in receipt of services from 5% to 27% (p < .001). Compared to NHWs, Hispanics had lower grade point average (GPA) at baseline (2.3 [confidence interval, CI: 1.9‐2.7] vs 2.9 [CI: 2.8‐3.0]). No differences in GPA were found between groups after injury among students who received post‐TBI services. CONCLUSIONS: Students who receive post‐TBI school services benefit academically. NHW students maintain their academic performance and Hispanics increase their performance to their NHW peers' level. This highlights the importance of providing post‐TBI school services to ensure better outcomes for all children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Mild traumatic brain injury injuries (mTBIs), including concussions, represent >2 million US pediatric emergency department visits annually. Post-mTBI mental health symptoms are prominent and often attributed to the mTBI. This study examined whether individuals seeking post-mTBI mental health care had previous mental health diagnoses or a new onset of such disorders, and determined if mental health care utilization differed by race/ethnicity. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study, using the Medicaid Marketscan claims national dataset (2007-2012). Utilization of mental health services 1 year before and 1 year after mTBI was compared between children with and without mental health diagnoses before injury. Primary outcome was receipt of post-mTBI outpatient mental health care. RESULTS: A total of 31272 children 20 years or younger were included, 8577 (27%) with mental health diagnoses before their mTBI and 22 695 without one. After injury, children without previous mental health disorders increased mental health services utilization; however, most (86%) postinjury mental health care was received by children with previous mental health disorders. Having a mental health diagnosis pre-mTBI was the most important risk factor for receiving post-mTBI mental health care (odds ratio 7.93, 95% confidence interval 7.40-8.50). Hispanic children were less likely to receive post-mTBI mental health care. CONCLUSIONS: mTBI was associated with increased utilization of mental health services but most of these services were received by children with previous mental health disorders. Our documentation of racial/ethnic disparities in mental health care utilization reemphasize the importance of providing individualized, culturally, and linguistically competent care to improve outcomes after mTBI for all children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:This study examined the role of English language use in the reported frequency of musculoskeletal pain among Hispanic and non-Hispanic White youth. Method: This is a secondary data analysis using a cross-sectional sample of 12,189 Hispanic and non-Hispanic White adolescents recruited for the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Respondents were classified into three groups: (a) English-speaking non-Hispanic Whites, (b) English-speaking Hispanics, and (c) Spanish-speaking Hispanics. Results: After controlling for body mass index and demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral variables, Spanish-speaking Hispanics reported the least frequent musculoskeletal pain (OR = 0.415, 95% CI [0.361, 0.477]; p < .001), followed by English-speaking Hispanics (OR = 0.773, 95% CI [0.690, 0.865]; p < .001). Conclusion: The experience of musculoskeletal pain is a physiological as well as a cultural phenomenon. Implications for Practice: Health care providers should consider the role of language use in reports of pain in Hispanic and non-Hispanic White adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Previous studies suggest that acculturation may influence the experience of pain. Study Design We conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate the association between acculturation and the prevalence, intensity, and functional limitations of pain in older Hispanic adults in the United States. Methods Subjects Participants were English- ( HE) and Spanish-speaking ( HS) Hispanic and non- Hispanic White ( NHW) individuals aged 50 years and older who were interviewed for the Health and Retirement Study during 1998-2008. Measures We measured: 1) acculturation as defined by language used in interviews, and 2) the presence, intensity, and functional limitations of pain. Analysis We applied logistic regression using generalized estimating equations, with NHW as the reference category. Results Among 18,593 participants (16,733 NHW, 824 HE, and 1,036 HS), HS had the highest prevalence (odds ratio [ OR] = 1.3; 95% confidence interval [ CI = 1.1-1.4) and intensity ( OR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.4-1.9) of pain, but these differences were not significant after adjusting for age, sex, years of education, immigration status ( U. S.- vs non- U. S-born), and health status (number of health conditions). Even after adjustment, HS reported the lowest levels of functional limitation ( OR = 0.7; 95% CI 0.6-0.9). Conclusion Pain prevalence and intensity were not related to acculturation after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, while functional limitation was significantly lower among HS even after adjusting for known risk factors. Future studies should explore the reasons for this difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]