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Objective: To investigate the usefulness of copeptin and S100B levels in the differentiation of central and peripheral vertigo. Methods: Ninety patients were included in the study. Copeptin and S100B levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: The time between symptom onset and presentation to the emergency department was longer in the patients diagnosed with central vertigo. S100B and copeptin levels were significantly higher in central vertigo patients. The confirmed cut-off value was 17 for the S100B level and 1.65 for the copeptin level. Conclusion: Quick and reliable differentiation between central and peripheral vertigo is important to reduce the length of hospital stay of patients in the emergency department, and for patient comfort. S100B and copeptin levels are potential biomarkers in the differential diagnosis of central vertigo and peripheral vertigo for patients whose aetiology of vertigo cannot be differentially diagnosed with history-taking and physical examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:To demonstrate the inhibitory effects of clarithromycin on in vitro tympanosclerosis.Method:Twenty-eight rats were divided into three groups: a clarithromycin group, a non-clarithromycin group and a negative control group. Those in the first two groups were injected with Streptococcus pneumoniae following a myringotomy, and tympanosclerosis was experimentally induced. Oral clarithromycin therapy was administered in the clarithromycin group. The other groups received no medical treatment.Results:All eardrums in the clarithromycin and non-clarithromycin groups developed myringosclerosis, but there was only one eardrum, in the clarithromycin group, with very severe myringosclerosis. In the clarithromycin group, 11 ears showed no inflammation and there were no ears with severe inflammation. In the non-clarithromycin group, there were 11 ears with severe inflammation. The mean eardrum thickness in the clarithromycin group was 20.93 µm and in the non-clarithromycin group it was 42.71 µm.Conclusion:Acute otitis media and myringotomies induced tympanosclerosis, but clarithromycin reduced the severity of tympanosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objective:This study aimed to determine the effect of radiofrequency radiation generated by 900 and 1800 MHz Global System for Mobile Communications sources on cochlear development in the rat model.Methods:Eight pregnant albino Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control, 900 MHz and 1800 MHz. The latter two groups of pregnant rats were exposed to radiofrequency radiation for 1 hour per day starting on the 12th day of pregnancy until delivery. The rats in the control, 900 MHz and 1800 MHz groups gave birth to 24, 31 and 26 newborn rats respectively. Newborn rats in the 900 MHz and 1800 MHz groups were exposed to radiofrequency radiation for 1 hour per day for 21 days after delivery. Hearing evaluations of newborn rats were carried out using distortion product otoacoustic emissions testing. Eight newborn rats were randomly selected from each group for electron microscopic evaluation.Results:Distortion product otoacoustic emission tests revealed no significant difference among the groups, but electron microscopic evaluation revealed significant differences among the groups with regard to the number of normal, apoptotic and necrotic cells.Conclusion:The findings indicated cellular structural damage in the cochlea caused by radiofrequency radiation exposure during cochlear development in the rat model. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]