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Introduction: This study examines factors associated with psychostimulant misuse, including polysubstance use and social factors, among the understudied American Indian/Alaska Native/Native Hawaiian (AI/AN/NH) college student population. Methods: Data were from the 2015 to 2019 American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment IIc (ACHA-NCHA IIc) survey. Multivariable logistic regression models and odds ratios were used to estimate associations between psychostimulant misuse and potential risk and protective factors among AI/AN/NH college students, including licit and illicit substance use, social support, relationship factors, exposure to violence or abuse, mental health symptoms, drug and alcohol education, and sample demographics. Results: Opioid misuse among AI/AN/NH college students significantly increased the odds of using psychostimulants. Specifically, for cocaine use, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was 3.17 with a 95% confidence interval (C.I.) of 2.17 to 4.63; for methamphetamine use, the aOR was 38.87 (95% C.I. 19.24-78.52). For amphetamine misuse among non-Tobacco users, the aOR was 5.47 (95% C.I. 3.49-8.55), while among Tobacco users, the aOR was 2.65 (95% C.I. 2.07-3.41). For cocaine and other stimulant misuse, the aOR was 3.64 (95% C.I. 2.30-5.67). Additionally, the use of other types of licit and illicit substances was associated with greater odds of psychostimulant use and misuse. Conversely, factors such as age, living on campus, and residing in parental/guardian housing were linked with lower odds of psychostimulant use and misuse. Conclusion: Substance use prevention and treatment interventions targeting AI/AN/NH college students should address polysubstance use, including the combined use of opioids and psychostimulants. Substance use interventions should not be siloed to focus narrowly on single substances but rather should leverage potential protective factors against substance use, such as promoting supportive campus and family living conditions and other social support networks, in broad efforts to reduce multiple forms of substance use among AI/AN/NH students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide and the leading cause of cancer deaths among Iraqi women. Objective: To determine the potential risk factors associated with breast cancer. Methodology: This was a hospital based case control study which was conducted at Merjan and Al-Hilla teaching hospitals. A sample of three hundred women participants who were selected and divided into 100 patients with established breast cancer (cases) and 200 healthy women without breast cancer who were considered as healthy control group. Data were collected by interviewing both groups using a structured questionnaire which includes information about(tobacco smoking, economic status, age of menarche,age of menopause, use of contraceptives level of education family history of breast cancer). medical records of patients and control group were reviewed to complete the data needed,chi square statistical test and Odds Ratios were calculated. Results: Results of this study showed that the following factors like low economic status,,late age of menopause,positive family history, use of contraceptives were significantly associated with breast cancer(Unadjusted Odds Ratios more than one,p values <0.05).Exposure to cigarette tobacco smoking, levels of education, and age of menarche did not show significant association with breast cancer in this study. Conclusion: Breast cancer was associated positively with the presence of positive family history, Low socioeconomic status, late menopause and using contraceptive pills regularly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Epidemiological studies of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are few in China, and none has been conducted nationwide. Objective To estimate the prevalence and potential risk factors of LUTS and the bother they impose on adult women in China. Design, setting, and participants This is the second analysis of a population-based cross-sectional survey on urinary incontinence conducted between February and July 2006 in six regions of China. Cluster samples were randomly selected for interviews. Interventions No intervention was implemented. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis A modified Chinese Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms questionnaire was administered. The participants were asked about the presence of individual LUTS and rated their symptom bother. Descriptive statistics, χ 2 tests, receiver operating characteristic curves, and multivariate logistic regressions were used for data analysis. Results and limitations A total of 18 992 respondents (94.96%) were included. The prevalence of any LUTS, storage symptoms, or voiding symptoms was 55.5%, 53.9%, and 12.9%, respectively, and increased with age. Nocturia was the most common symptom (23.4%), followed by urgency (23.3%) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI; 18.9%). Nocturia was most frequently rated as bothersome (93.0%) but was generally minor (80.5%). Urgency and urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) were most frequently reported as severe (11.5% and 10.8%) or moderate (18.5% and 16.8%) bothers. Any LUTS were more prevalent in urban women (57.1% vs 53.9%). Multiple factors increased the odds of bother and individual LUTS, and older age and coexisting pelvic organ prolapse were strong predictors (p < 0.05). This survey was conducted 8 yr ago and did not assess all LUTS. Conclusions Half of adult women suffered with LUTS; nocturia, urgency, and SUI were more prevalent. Urgency and UUI were most frequently reported as severe or moderate bothers. Multiple factors influenced bother and individual LUTS. Patient summary The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms is high and increases with age in adult women in China. Urgency and urgency urinary incontinence were most frequently regarded as severe or moderate bothers and should be targeted for medical intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]