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Background: Endotracheal intubation is challenging during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and video laryngoscopy has showed benefits for this procedure. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of various intubation approaches, including the bougie first, preloaded bougie, endotracheal tube (ETT) with stylet, and ETT without stylet, on first-attempt success using video laryngoscopy during chest compression. Methods: This was a randomized crossover trial conducted in a general tertiary teaching hospital. We included anesthesia residents in postgraduate year one to three who passed the screening test. Each resident performed intubation with video laryngoscopy using the four approaches in a randomized sequence on an adult manikin during continuous chest compression. The primary outcome was the first-attempt success defined as starting ventilation within a one minute. Results: A total of 260 endotracheal intubations conducted by 65 residents were randomized and analyzed with 65 procedures in each group. First-attempt success occurred in 64 (98.5%), 57 (87.7%), 56 (86.2%), and 46 (70.8%) intubations in the bougie-first, preloaded bougie, ETT with stylet, and ETT without stylet approaches, respectively. The bougie-first approach had a significantly higher possibility of first-attempt success than the preloaded bougie approach [risk ratio (RR) 8.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03 to 62.16, P = 0.047], the ETT with stylet approach (RR 9.00, 95% CI 1.17 to 69.02, P = 0.035), and the ETT without stylet approach (RR 19.00, 95% CI 2.62 to 137.79, P = 0.004) in the generalized estimating equation logistic model accounting for clustering of intubations operated by the same resident. In addition, the bougie first approach did not result in prolonged intubation or increased self-reported difficulty among the study participants. Conclusions: The bougie first approach with video laryngoscopy had the highest possibility of first-attempt success during chest compression. These results helped inform the intubation approach during CPR. However, further studies in an actual clinical environment are warranted to validate these findings. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov; identifier: NCT05689125; date: January 18, 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Adolescents and young adults are the main target population for human papillomavirus (HPV). The study aimed to investigate school students' HPV vaccination intentions and explore the contributing factors from a socio‐ecological perspective. Design: A questionnaire survey was conducted in three secondary schools and three colleges in China. Sample: A total of 1756 students aged 14–22 years participated in this study. Among the 1756 participants, 182 students have received the HPV vaccine. For the remaining 1574 students, we analyzed their HPV vaccination intentions and the influencing factors. Measurements: Survey items for sociodemographics, knowledge and awareness of HPV, sexual intercourse and sexual knowledge, subjective socioeconomic status, self‐efficacy, eHealth literacy, perceived social support from family, and the availability of HPV vaccine information were measured. Results: Only 182 (10.4%) had received the HPV vaccine among the 1756 participants. Among the remaining 1574 students, the majority of the students (1403, 89.1%) were willing to receive the HPV vaccine. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that students who were female, had lower self‐efficacy, scored higher on sexual knowledge, believed vaccination preventing related diseases, worried about side effects after vaccination, thought oneself at risk of contracting HPV, had higher family support, knew the availability of the HPV vaccine in Mainland China from healthcare institutions, and with family residence in rural areas were more willing to receive the HPV vaccine. Conclusions: Students had high HPV vaccination intentions while had low vaccination rate. Intrapersonal, interpersonal and institutional or community factors predicted HPV vaccination intention. Public health nurses in communities and schools could target the modifiable factors to promote students' HPV vaccine uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about clinically driven percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rates and predictors for progression of nontarget lesions in diabetic patients who have undergone drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and angiographic data of 2187 diabetic patients undergoing DES implantation. The cumulative rate of nontarget lesion PCI was 6.3% at 1 year, 14.3% at 2 years, and 19.8% at 3 years. The independent predictors of need for clinically driven PCI in patients with diabetes mellitus after DES implantation included obesity (odds ratio [OR] 2.303, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.657-3.199, P < .001), low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR 1.412, 95% CI 1.114-1.789, P = .004), statin use (OR 0.669, 95% CI 0.454-0.986, P = .042), insulin use (OR 1.310, 95% CI 1.030-1.665, P = .027), and Synergy Between PCI With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) score (OR 1.061, 95% CI 1.045-1.077, P < .001) at baseline PCI. These findings may facilitate prediction of the risk of repeat revascularization and improve repeat revascularization rates in diabetic patients after DES implantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is conflicting evidence regarding the effectiveness of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) in patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Therefore, we prospectively enrolled elderly patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) with diabetes mellitus (DM) undergoing elective drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation. They were randomized to receive RIPC within 2 hours before PCI (n = 102) or not (controls, n = 98). Baseline clinical characteristics were similar between the 2 groups. Despite a trend toward decline, the median high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hscTnI) level (P = .256) and the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) type 4a (P = .106) in the RIPC group 16 hours after PCI procedure was not significantly different from the control group. The RIPC could attenuate the release of a myocardial biomarker but failed to show a significant effect on hscTnI level or MI type 4a incidence after PCI procedure in elderly patients with CHD having DM undergoing elective DES implantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although drug-eluting stents (DESs) can decrease the risk of restenosis, this benefit is tempered by a possible increased risk of in-stent thrombosis. We assessed the effects of rapamycin on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to identify the alterations in gene expression associated with thrombosis. Expression of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) was assessed in HUVECs treated with rapamycin (final concentrations: 1, 10, 100, and 1000 ng/mL) for 24 and 48 hours. Incubation of HUVECs with rapamycin strongly reduced the expression of t-PA in a concentration-dependant manner (P < .05 to < .01). However, the expression of PAI-1 was induced by rapamycin (P < .05 to < .01). The increase in PAI-1 induction was up to 3.3-fold. In conclusion, rapamycin inhibited t-PA and induced PAI-1 expression in HUVECs. This effect may contribute to in-stent thrombosis associated with DESs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]